Imilambo Faka: basic iparameters

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho mntu ngenene alinakuthi indlela imilambo yehlabathi kakhulu. Konke kuxhomekeke kwakhona ekubeni yintoni zizakujongwa njengo njengomlambo, kwaye - emfuleni. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, ukuba nidibanisa ubude yonke imilambo eRashiya, ufumana ngeekhilomitha ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-8. Inani lilonke, ukuba ukubala ezinkulu nezincinci, eza 2.5 yezigidi. imilambo Largest emhlabeni wonke ayisekho 50, kwaye ubude bayo bungama-200 000 km. Kodwa yintoni na kwi umlambo ukuba lo mthombo Umlomo emlanjeni?

Ukubaluleka geographical lomlambo

River - emfuleni entsha amanzi, nto leyo edakasa kumgca esisigxina lomelezwe ikakhulu ngenxa kwezulu. Phambi kokuba ukuqonda iimpawu imijelo yamanzi, kufuneka ukhumbule ezimbalwa amagama angundoqo:

• Eziqhelekileyo - nto nzulu, njengako apho ilandela ukuhamba kwamanzi omlambo. Oku kudla esisigxina, athe ngokubhijela ifomu alternating iindawo nzulu yaye unzulu. Ngenxa yotshintsho geographical, okanye ezinye izinto, nesilili umlambo ungahluka, eshiya imingxuma kunye agcwalise. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, e-Indiya kukho umlambo Kosi, ukuba phantse ngonyaka ukwenza umendo wayo omtsha, ukuhlamba nayo yonke into oza indlela yayo.

• Source - esi sisiqalo lomlambo. Abe ngumthombo, ukunyibilika glacier, amanzi, okanye nayiphi na enye indawo ngokudibana kwemali ezimbini amanzi.
• Umlomo - yindawo apho umlambo iphela yaye uthululela saliphosa elwandle, ulwandle okanye ezinye amanzi.
• Inkqubo umlambo - ayikho kuphela komlambo ngokwawo, kodwa nemingenela yawo.
• River Basin - ummandla lekomiti livela kuyo yonke loo manzi aya. Zonke amachibi ezahlulwe watersheds nokuphakama indima yabo.

Eyona engundoqo Ipharamitha iimpawu zemilambo

Uphawu ezingundoqo imilambo - bubungakanani, flow uqina, ukuqukuqela isantya, ukuhamba, drop kunye nohlobo nokutya.

Fall ebizwa umahluko phakathi eziphakamileyo imvelaphi kunye emlonyeni. Ukuba uphakamile lo idrophu, kokukhona izinga lokuhamba emlanjeni.

Ireyithi flow ulinganiswa m / umzuzwana. Hayi yonke kuya kuba ngamayelenqe ezifanayo mphandle ezahlukeneyo kunye ojonge isiteshi ezahlukeneyo.

ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ibonisa indlela cubic ezininzi metres upasisiwe 1 yesibini ngokusebenzisa umnqamlezo-icandelo umjelo.

River ukudla ngeendlela ezininzi: amanzi emvula, emva ukunyibilika ngumkhenkce, ukusuka kwimithombo komhlaba kunye ezihambayo. umlambo Imvula-ukutya, ibekwe kule ndawo. imilambo Ikhephu-esidla imimandla ephakathi yaye kumntla ikhweyitha, kunye nemisinga intaba glacial nayo. Kukho ezininzi eziphambili iintlobo ngamandla imilambo:

1. Equatorial - lina kuphela unyaka wonke.
2. Subequatorial - amandla umlambo kwenzeka ngenxa yemvula, kodwa akulingani kwaye ngamaxesha.
3. Sehlathi - imvula ne ukuphakamisa umgangatho esemlanjeni ihlobo nobusika shallowing.
4. Arctic - ukutya ikhephu, enika ukunyuka inqanaba lamanzi ehlotyeni kunye wokwaphusa usinga phezulu ebusika, xa inkoliso yemilambo peremerzaet.
5. Lake - umlambo unyaka wonke anikwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye akuxhomekekanga kwezinye iintlobo zokutya.
6. Intaba - kwiintaba eziphakamileyo lomlambo ngexesha ebusuku kuba encinane, kwaye imini agcwaliswa ukunyibilika komkhenkce ikhephu.

Kwakhona, ngokufuthi uyakwazi ukuva ulawulo umlambo. Kodwa asinguye wonke ubani uyazi ukuba le ulawulo koMlambo. On oko kuxhomekeke? Impendulo ilula kakhulu, urhulumente yemilambo - ikhosi ixesha elide, utshintsho flow umlambo zamaxesha imihla emgceni. Nguqu zenzeke ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, konke oko kuxhomekeke ekubeni kuphi kwaye phantsi kweziphi iimeko umlambo.

River flow phakathi kumaThafa, aqukuqelayo evela ezintabeni ebomini bakhe, ukuba ukutshintsha indlela yabo ezimbalwa ngokuphindwe kaliwaka, obmelet okanye, phezu koko, baba ngakumbi ngokupheleleyo-ugeleza.

Ingakumbi ukuhamba imilambo

Yintoni umthombo kwaye umlomo lomlambo, ukuba sele kwaziwa, kodwa ezinye iinkalo ukuhamba kwamanzi ngamnye kubo? Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba kukho imilambo ngamanzi kunye esiphantsi emi, yaye kukho abo apho amanzi ugijima ukuze ikwazi ukuthwala nayiphi na, nkqu xihinga inkulu umendo wayo.

Uhlobo flow izinga komlambo uxhomekeke mphandle, kwithambeka kunye namanzi esiwa. Kumathafa umfula ugeleza ububanzi, cwaka, kwaye ukuwa ithambeka azinayo. Ezi imilambo ziquka iVolga, iDanube, Dnieper, Neman. Kodwa kukho abo zenzeke phakathi kweenduli entabeni. Bona luphawulwa imisinga nemixawuka womelele, endleleni yabo eya kudibana ezininzi uba, kunye neengxangxasi maxa wambi phezulu. imilambo Ezo ixabiso elikhulu drop, nto leyo ethetha ukuba uhlobo ukuhamba kuzo yahluke gqitha. Ezi nokuphuma ekunokuthiwa Terek, Rioni, oyiHidekele kunye iteksti.

Bezingenabunzulu kuxhomekeke imozulu, imowudi, yaye ngamanye amaxesha amandla yemilambo. Xa iimeko ulophu, umlambo nangaliphi na ixesha lonyaka na imozulu ngokupheleleyo-ukugeleza owomileyo, badla atshe kwaye ondle kuphela imvula, yaye kwenzeka kunyaka ayikho kakhulu kunene.

imilambo Intaba kuyabanda, njengoko zitya ukunyibilika enhla walimisa. Kodwa ukuba uhamba ngapha ndongeni, ngoko kanye ekupheleni amanzi kuba shushu kakhulu, njengoko ngexesha indlela yalo kumo phantsi kwelanga otshisayo.

Yintoni na le ntaba nezihlambo emlanjeni?

Ndiye ndakwazi ukufumana phandle ulawulo lomlambo, kodwa kukho ezinye iintlobo emlanjeni? Ngapha koko, ukuba ukubaleka nje phakathi amathafa, okanye yiya ezintabeni eziphakamileyo.

Gorilla imilambo - it nemilambo ukuba kudlula flat omqengqelezi a clones ezimbalwa kunye nezinga ukuqukuqela. Ezi imilambo ezihlanjeni iyaphuhliswa ndongeni jiko, apho ukuzolula enye yaze yaqengqelekela.

imilambo Intaba siphuma ezintabeni okanye eentaba. Baye kumathambeka nesilili umlambo enamatye, iziqwengana yayigcwele zamatye. Kuba abanjalo imilambo luphawulwa kumathambeka kunye isantya, ubunzulu encinane yangoku. Amaxesha amaninzi endleleni le milambo kukho ezineengxangxasi enemisinga, kwaye ilawulwa iinkqubo ukhukhuliseko.

Kukho kwakhona umlambo intaba-plain eliqala nzulu ezintabeni, emva ngokuthe abangena kumathafa emlanjeni cwaka.

5 milambo mikhulu zehlabathi

Igama lomlambo, nje enkulu ehlabathini, wazi wonke. Uluhlu imilambo-5 sikhulu kakhulu ngokupheleleyo-aqukuqela ehlabathini elikhokelwa Amazon, egqalwa intliziyo Umzantsi Melika. Kutshanje, LITHILE-2 kuluhlu inkulu emva umNayile. Kodwa emva kokuba abaphandi wathabatha umthombo elincinane Ucayali ukuba ekuqaleni lokwenyaniso lomlambo, oko kuye ingqalelo ixesha elide. Ubude bayo kungaphezu kwe-7000 km.

Kwindawo yesibini yaba Afrika uMlambo umNayile. Kucingwa umlambo engcwele, kuba kuphela kungaba sisinde, abantu abahlala kwimozulu ezinzima kwaye kome kakhulu Afrika. Ngexesha lemvula i iyaphalala komlambo, evumela uluntu Afrika abathatha inxaxheba kwezolimo, irayisi lwahluma phezu kweendonga zayo. Ubude umlambo yesibini ngobukhulu kweli hlabathi kancinci ngaphezulu kwe 6800 km, nohehema lwesitya sokuhlambela ine indawo ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3 iinyawo square. km.

Iteksti - lelinye mlambo ezinkulu ehlabathini, nto leyo ithathwa ukuhamba anzulu-kwamanzi main Eurasia. Lo mlambo nga luthathwe intaba-plain, ekubeni kuthatha imvelaphi yayo Tibetan Plateau, emva kokuba phe Hengduan Mountains kunye nokungena ngakumbi kule Sichuan esityeni. Ubude lomlambo linzulu kakhulu - malunga 6.3 amawaka km, kwaye ndawo isitya - malunga ne-1.8 million iinyawo square. km.

Huang Yena okanye umlambo yellow - yenye umlambo inkulu ehlabathini, ogama umthombo ezintabeni Tibet. Ubude bayo 5000 km, kwaye indawo isitya -. 700 amawaka macala m. km.

Igama lomlambo, kubekwe phezu ummandla Russia, lungafumaneka kwi mephu. Phakathi kwabo lowo iqukiwe kuluhlu top 5 ezinkulu - yi OB. Ubude bayo kancinci ngaphezulu kwe 5400 km, kwaye indawo isitya phantse iyafana naleyo loMnayile - 3 million square iinyawo. km. Le umlambo zolwelo asuka eRashiya, yaye ke edlula Kazakhstan kwaye iphela indlela yayo e China.

imilambo emikhulu zomhlaba zibaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso ezoshishino noqoqosho ithi kabani intsimi ukuba zenzeke. Imilambo, nokuncama ubomi-yamanzi ebantwini. Ukongeza, into eninzi iintlanzi zemijelo, ezo zitya izilwanyana kuphela, kodwa abantu.

Uluhlu imilambo incinane ehlabathini

Kodwa hayi kuphela mlambo enkulu kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Kukwakho incinane, leyo zinentsingiselo abantu abahlala kweendonga zayo. Zincinane lomlambo;

• Reprua River - Lo mlambo aqukuqela e Abkhazia, ubude baso 18 kuphela mitha. Ukongeza, loo nto ithathwa umlambo Sea Black unxweme abanda kakhulu.
• Kovasselva - lo msele zolwelo ibekwe kwi Norwegian siqithi Hitra, kwaye ubude balo ayikho neemitha ngaphezu kwama-20.

imilambo Amazing zehlabathi

Iimpawu omlambo - akukho nje malunga amancinci enkulu kangakanani okanye ukuba ubukhulu. Kwakhona kwi planethi kukho imithombo yamanzi engaqhelekanga kwaye omangalisayo ukutsala ingqalelo ukuze ngokuphuma yayo.

Caño Cristales - lo mlambo eqaqambileyo, ukuba ibekwe Colombia. Amaxesha amaninzi elobulali ubizwa ngokuba umlambo imibala ezintlanu. Le ntlobo eliqaqambileyo angaqhelekanga imibala Bulelani komlambo kuthatha abahlala ulwelwe wayo emanzini. Ukuba ukhangela amanzi kuwo, usenokuba ucinga ukuba umnyama siwile emanzini.

Tsitarum - lo mlambo dirtiest ehlabathini. Le ibekwe Indonesia, kwaye zimdaka ngenxa yokuba ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-5 abantu abahlala isitya yayo. Bonke abantu inkunkuma ibhola amanzi alo. Ukuba ujonga umlambo kwakude ukuqonda, nje musani ukuba kuyintoni na, kubonakala ukuba ujonga yokulahla.

Congo - umlambo zinzulu ehlabathini. Yiyo e Central Afrika, kwezinye iindawo ifikelela ubunzulu leemitha 230, yaye mhlawumbi nangaphezulu.

El Rio vinaigrette - umlambo asidi kakhulu. Ayajika ezidlulileyo Puras mlilo Colombia. Emanzini iqulathe iindawo ezingaphezu kwama-11 ka-sulphuric acid kunye nezahlulo 9 zehydrochloric acid. Kulo mlambo kubakho izidalwa eziphilayo.

Ubomi emilanjeni: izityalo

Iimpawu omlambo - ukuba nje amandla, ubude kunye nezinye iparameters, kodwa izilwanyana kunye nezityalo. Ngapha koko, kuzo zonke umsinga wamanzi, nokuba inkulu, nokuba incinane, unobomi yayo. Ngamnye umlambo fast okanye cwaka bafumana ikhusi labo, izityalo ezininzi nolu ebomini nje nomsinga ethile, kunye neempawu zayo yokumpompoza, lobushushu kwamanzi kunye nezinye iparameters.

Izityalo imilambo lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe ngamaqela 5 eziphambili:

1. Izityalo ukuba emanzini kunye nomhlaba. Baqala ukukhula kwi ezantsi emlanjeni nakumphezulu yabo inyuke ngaphezu kwamanzi. Ezi ziquka induku, yayingcongolo, horsetail, cattail kunye arrowhead.
2. Izityalo zakhe iingcambu ziqhotyoshelwe ezantsi, lo gama amagqabi iflowuthi phezu kwamanzi. Ezi zityalo ezi zimhlophe lily kunye pondweed zokudada.
3. Izityalo kunye iingcambu ezantsi, omagqabi bahlale emanzini - ukuba milfoil yaseYurophu amanzi kunye pondweed eziqhelekileyo.
4. Incopho izityalo ezingenazo iingcambu ezantsi. Enye yezi zityalo nguye duckweed.
5. Izityalo ezihlala umlinganiselo umaleko amanzi - hornwort ulele filamentous kunye elodea.

Rivers of Life: Animal Kingdom

Iimpawu omlambo - nje ikwa izilwanyana, apho ayisekho naphi kodwa emanzini. Xa imijelo ubomi nje kuphela inani elikhulu kweentlobo zeentlanzi, kodwa ezinye izinto eziphilayo:

• Kwizidalwa - siphila eziphilayo ezihlala kwikholam emanzini, babebonakala ukuba zidade emanzini yaze yagqithiselwa ukugeleza amandla. Kwizidalwa ke ukudla esisisiseko iintlanzi ezininzi.
• Bentos. Eli qela libandakanya eziphilayo benthic.
• Nekton - eli ezihambayo izilwanyana bakwazi ukoyisa yangoku. Namhlanje, kukho angaphezu kwama-20 amawaka iintlobo nekton, ezi ziquka intlanzi, squid, iintlanzi, pinnipeds, Ufudo kunye nabanye.
• Neuston - eziphilayo izilwanyana kunye nezityalo eziphila phezu kwamanzi, ngomda kunye emoyeni.
• Pleuston - ukuba izinto zezilwanyana nezityalo, olusathukuzayo emanzini, oko kukuthi, ekwaziyo abahlala kokubini emanzini kwaye emoyeni ...
• Ngu epineuston zizinto eziphilayo ezihlala bhanya komhlaba.
• Hyponeuston - eziphilayo ezinxulumene ne-bhanya ngaphezulu, kodwa siphila phantsi kwayo.
• Periphyton - eziphilayo kumphezulu bezinto kwamanzi.

Imilambo nabo zezilwanyana eziphila: beaver, otter, muskrat, ezirhubuluzayo: amahobe, iinyoka, iingwenya.

Njani imilambo?

Abantu bamandulo babekholelwa ukuba amanzi - kuba bubomi. Bona ke ayeba izindlu ngasechwebeni imilambo namachibi, kangangokuba basuka lula ukujongana nobomi bemihla ngemihla. Ukusetyenziswa emlanjeni hayi kunceda kuphela ukwenza imisebenzi yasekhaya, kodwa kwakhona kuqoqosho yayo. Amanzi emlanjeni isetyenziswa ukuselwa, abacocayo oko kwangaphambili, kuye ukulungiselela ukutya ngokwabo kwaye izilwanyana asetyenziswa ukunkcenkceshela izityalo.

Namhlanje, amanzi omlambo icaciswe kwizikhululo ezizodwa kubethwayo ngembande, bakhonza kwikhaya kwizixeko ezinkulu. Kwakhona, lo mlambo isoloko isetyenziselwa ezidadayo amaplanga, njengendlela yokuthutha phezu imigama emide. Emilanjeni, nokuqubha, ukuloba. River - kukwayinto entle kwanobuhle kunene, kuba uyakwazi ukuhlala elunxwemeni kwaye wonwabele umoya omtsha ulophu, lo gama ancome indawo.

efunekayo njani amanzi kakhulu ukuba amashishini zoshishino, ezo bazakhela esondele emilanjeni?! Ngenxa kule ndawo, nayiphi na ishishini bangondliwa amanzi echibini. Kumazwe akude - e-Afrika okanye Umzantsi Melika - apho imozulu yomile kakhulu kwaye imilambo rhoqo owomileyo, umthombo ukusela esingundoqo yasendle nje koMlambo, nokuba womile kwezinye iindawo. Kodwa ke ngexesha lemvula baba elizeleyo elibaleka kwakhona.

Ngaphandle imilambo, bendingayi kuba intle kwaye lokwenyaniso iplanethi yethu. Bona, ezifana ithumbu amanzi, jija ehlabathini lonke nokunika amanzi anika ubomi, kodwa umsebenzi abasemhlabeni - yenza konke okusemandleni ukuze balondoloze zimsulwa nobuhle.