Umhlube iziseko ufakelo lwesamente: uyilo, yezitshixo kunye nezigaba zokwakha

iziseko strip kuqiniswe neenqwelwana eziphathekayo namhlanje njengoko izisombululo ixhaphakileyo kulwakhiwo kumakhaya. Kwiminyaka emininzi yokusebenza iye yasebenza kakuhle, enyanisweni kakhulu elula kwilungiselelo, hayi ezifuna ukuba kusetyenziswe izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo kakhulu entsonkothileyo.

ubuchwepheshe

Ukuze bayile a ngamandla kwaye zithembekile, kuyimfuneko ukuba bagcine ubugcisa. Ubonelela nokusekwa isiseko projekthi, ukumba, imisele, ukufakela formwork kunye nokuqiniswa tab isebenza ngayo amanzi. Ngokubanzi, isiseko estrip yi isiqwenga monolithic lwe ngodaka eziphathekayo, apho owakhiwa ethwele ezindongeni zendlu. Loo isiseko bekukudala lufuneka, ukuba bekumele ukuba ukwakha indlu yabucala zezibonelelo kunye mass yayintle, phakathi leyo kumele ziphawuliwe:

• iibhloko enamagumbi;
• eziteneni,
• eziphathekayo;
• ngamatye.

isiseko zeprojekthi imiselwe kunye nezakhiwo ngokubanzi ukuba kukho efihlakeleyo, ongaphantsi okanye igaraji komhlaba. Ungasebenzisa olu hlobo sesiseko yaye ukuba le ndlu iya kuba kophahla okanye ukufana enzima. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le hlobo lokwakha esikhethiweyo ukuba imimandla apho umhlaba ikakhulu owahlukeneyo. Ngokubanzi, i tape isiseko ilungele phantse kuzo zonke iintlobo zemihlaba, njengoko le umgquba kunye ukunqamka lomhlaba umnyinyiva.

Iintlobo monolithic strip iziseko

I tape kwaqinisa isiseko ikhonkrithi lunikezelwa ngeendlela eziliqela, nto leyo zihlelwe ngendlela izinto ezininzi, kubandakanywa ubunzulu ngokubekwa. Kuba ezakhiwe kakhulu izinto zokwakha ezinzima esetyenziswa isiseko kungcwatywa, nto leyo imi kubunzulu kuluhlu ukusuka mm 250 ukuya 300.

Beka isiseko onjalo kufuneka ube ngaphantsi kwenqanaba yovalo lomhlaba. Olunye uhlobo strip kwesiseko - design melkozaglublennaya oko kumlungele na zezakhelo ukukhanya. Ubunzulu kule kunokwenzeka kulingana isiphelo mm 550 ukuya 600.

nokulungiselela izinto

Tape kwaqinisa isiseko eziphathekayo yakhiwe emva kokuba ukulungiswa ezinye izixhobo kunye nezinto. Phakathi yokugqibela zingahlukaniswa:

• yophahla;
• steel wire;
• nokufakwa kwayo;
• ngezikhonkwane okanye izikhonkwane;
• livithi njengentlabathi;
• eziphathekayo.

Monolithic iziseko eziphathekayo elonwabisayo unokuhluthiswa ngokuzimeleyo nge eziphathekayo uzilungiselele. Kuba kuya kufuneka i M-400 isamente okanye ngaphezulu. Kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela isisombululo kwaye srednefraktsionny nakhandiweyo ilitye, isanti kunye luhlalu.

nokubhalwa

Uyilo isiseko unokusekelwa data ziyalela ubunzulu yezizathu, kuxhomekeka emhlabeni. Umzekelo, kwimeko ubunzulu bomhlaba enamatye 200 mm, ngoxa umthwalo emhlabeni ilingana 20 KN / m ^2. La manani ithathwa njengesebenzayo ixesha izakhiwo, iishedi zokuhlambela. ukwanda Layisha phezulu ku-30 KN / m ^2, ngelixa ukubeka ubunzulu 300 mm, ukuba yindlu lizwe ezinemigangatho omnye kunye eliphezulu. I parameters iya kulingana nama-50 KN / m ² no-500 mm, ngokulandelelana, ukuba uceba ukwakha encinane ezinemigangatho emibini.

indlu enomgangatho uya kuba isiseko, anda ukuze 650 mm, lo gama umthwalo 70 KN / m ^2. Xa kufikwa apho kwintsimi, kugquba obambe ashinyeneyo okanye udongwe, ubunzulu kungekabekwa zokwakha kuqoqosho iya kulingana mm 300. indlu enomgangatho eflethini okanye indlu enomgangatho-zibini nzulu kummandla ongaphantsi kwe-350 mm nama-600 mm, ngokulandelelana. indlu enomgangatho uya kuba isiseko, i ingontsi kwi-850 mm.

Ukwenza uyilo isiseko, usenokudibana Kwimeko apho ummandla kwentlabathi ethambileyo okanye obambe ubunjwe uyisanti. Kwimeko yokuqala ngokubekwa isakhiwo kwifama isiseko ubunzulu 450 mm, okwesibini - 400 mm. Ukuba uceba ukwakha i-enomgangatho omnye ekhaya leeholide, phezu kwentlabathi elithambileyo noseko lwalo kufuneka ingontsi yi 650 mm. Daka kwimeko seshedi okanye ibhafu ifuna isiseko apho anda ukuze 650 mm. Turbaries ifuna uhlobo eyahlukileyo yesiqalo.

Ukubalwa umthwalo phezu kwesiseko

Umthwalo phezu kwesiseko ibalwa ngeendlela ezininzi. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka wazi indawo beendonga, ubalwa phinda ukuphakama isakhiwo kujikelezo zendlu. iindonga ukubana ibalwa phinda ndawo yi Ebubanzini. Kubalulekile ukujonga ukuba ubunzima iindonga nkqu phinda umyinge umthamo eziphathekayo.

Ukumisela indawo ye isisekelo amaqela phinda ubukhulu yomjikelezo. umthwalo ngqo kwi kwisiseko iya kulingana ngokomfanekiso, efunyanwa ngokwahlula ubunzima iindonga ngeenxa zonke ezi ndawo lesiseko.

indawo kukhunjulwe

Ukwakha isiseko estrip zendlu, ngomhla kwinqanaba lokuqala, kufuneka enze womshicileli. Indawo phambi kokuba icocwe kobutyobo kunye izinto zangaphandle zisuswe phezu eliphezulu echumayo umaleko womhlaba kabani ubukhulu uyalingana isiphelo mm 120 ukuya 150.

Ukuba ngaba uthathe unonophelo kokususwa eziphilayo iintsalela, oku kungabangela yokubola iinkqubo zebhayoloji apho azithandeki ukuba emagumbini. Eqongeni engile kufuneka iphunyezwe lophawulo usebenzisa izikhonkwane. Evenness yazo yokufaka kufuneka icacise nokwenziwa koluhlu le idayagonali. Nezikhonkwane kungenziwa ngokutsha njengoko kufuneka. Phakathi kwabo ololulele intambo eyomeleleyo, ngalo uyakwazi ukulawula iikona kwaye babone icala isiseko zamaqela.

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukwakha isiseko estrip zendlu, ukubonisa ikona ungasebenzisa iindawo ezilungiselelwe ngomthi ngohlobo iingxande. Omnye kubo ibekwe kwindawo olifunayo, zalungiswa. Kufuneka ulunxibelele eentsontelo zombini, ngokusekelwe umgama esemseleni wawakhotha ububanzi kwisiseko. Ngeentambo kufuneka olule kwindawo elandelayo, apho sibekwe khona engile yesibini. Le element apha Wasolula ngeentambo. Oku kuya kuvumela ukubalwa ezimbombeni 4.

Ukuba iindonga umthwalo-obuvelisa iya khona izakhiwo ngaphakathi kakhulu, kubalulekile ukwenza lophawulo kwabo ubuchwepheshe efanayo. Kamsinya nje onke engile iya kuboniswa, kufuneka kubekho kuluxolelaniso idayagonali le isikwere okanye uxande. Kufuneka alingane, iya kubonisa ukuba engile zichanekile. Phambi ngokubeka isiseko, kubalulekile ukuba ngokuphawula indawo. Ekuhambeni kwe intambo kunokuba ekalika posypku owomileyo, oko kuya kunceda ukuqonda ulwalathiso tape kunye nokuqaphela iimpazamo. Xa ubeko iindonga lwangaphakathi kunye wesekethe igqityiwe, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukumakisha isiseko Terrace, okulala okanye everanda.

nokulungiswa nomsele

Ukuba esazibuza ukuba ukwenza njani na isiseko, kuyimfuneko ukuba embe umsele kwi yimigca, waya nzulu kumhlaba parameters zoyilo. Ukuqala kumbiwa isiseko kufuneka ukusuka kwikona esezantsi, iza kubonelela kubunzulu ezahlukeneyo eluthangweni lweenqwelo zokulwa lonke ubude.

Wall ngokumba umhlaba kufuneka bazame ukwenza nkqo kwaye ezigudileyo. Xa lokuchitha emhlabeni bubuthathaka backup okwethutyana ebekwe. Ukusebenza phezu lweenqwelo zokulwa, ukususela amaxesha ngamaxesha ukuze wenze ithambeka kunye nobunzulu imilinganiselo. Ukuba isiseko kufuneka zibekwe ethambekeni, ezantsi umsele kufuneka kubunzulu efanayo ecaleni kwebala. Maxa wambi indlu eziko, izitovu okanye esinye isakhiwo sezitena. Kubalulekile kweli nqanaba ukuze anyamekele isiseko maziko.

Ukulungiselela ezantsi

Ukwakha isiseko indlu ngokuyimfuneko ibandakanya emgangathweni nokulungiselela. It obegalelwe ukusuka isanti mqamelo, ubukhulu siya kuba ongu- mm 150 ukuya 200. Isanti kufuneka zilinganisiwe. Olu qeqesho luya emi- zingumthwalo ubunzima zokwakha ogqityiweyo isiseko. Le ndlela kubaluleke ngakumbi, ukuba ulwakhiwo iphantsi ndlela kwi Inkitha kwimihlaba ezingazinzanga.

Ukugcwalisa kwenziwe kakhulu amanyathelo amathathu, Ebubanzini maleko ngalinye kufuneka-50 mm. Isanti ubunjwe kakuhle kwaye utyebile ngamanzi. Le nkcazelo nophahla umqamelo iplanga elikhusela ukusuka lokhukhuliseko yaye akayi kuvumela ubisi isamente bathele emhadini. izinto nophahla izenzo yinxalenye ngakumbi amanzi komhlaba isiseko. Izinto kufuneka uqale ezindongeni umsele ngu mm 150.

Ukufakelwa formwork

Le umsele kufuneka abekwe shuttering of iibhodi, leyo dismantle emva eziphathekayo kumthulula. Le yinxalenye isiseko sinokwenziwa isigxina, ngakumbi ekhusela kwisiseko. Ukuba uceba ukusebenzisa le njongo ibhodi, abanye babo kufuneka bazise phantsi la makhaka, baze babeke nkqo emazantsi. Ngaphezu formwork komhlaba kufuneka linyuke lifike height apho sihlelwe ekukhuliseni inxalenye plinth, le parameter ngokuqhelekileyo aphakathi kwama-350 kunye nama-400 mm.

imivalo Solid ezihlangene kufuneka nayo inikezwe, ngoxa emacaleni olungaphandle imivalo kufuneka ixhaswe. Ukuze iplanga udonga zange ndikuchithachithe xa ikhonkrithi obegalelwe, ukuba bayijijile ngocingo. Ngamanye amaxesha sesiSeko ngenjongo zonxibelelwano umzila, apho amacandelo umbhobho kufuneka abekwe njengoko spacers phakathi iibhodi. Ifakela isakhiwo ngomthi, kubalulekile ukuba ahlole izikhathi flatness ngokusebenzisa inqanaba moya, kungenjalo isiseko uya kufuna ulungelelwaniso amagophe kwaye emva kokuba eziphathekayo kumthulula. Xa shuttering igqityiwe kunye nophahla inqwaba polyethylene ashinyeneyo, ekhusela komhlaba iiplanga. Lungisa umboniso kufuneka ebusweni ekupheleni ngeeplanga.

Emva ukubeka emkhusaneni nokuqinisa ekufuneka zibekwe ukuqhela ukusuka ezantsi, ukulungele ukuba kuphalala. Ukususa amaqamza ukusuka isisombululo angasebenzisa i vibrator, komhlaba wokwakha elizayo eqongeni lokugqibela endaweni novulelweyo de owomileyo. Ngamaxesha athile, kufuneka umanzi isiseko.

isiphelo

Ukuba awufuni ukuba nenxaxheba ekwakhiweni yabo, kubalulekile ukuba wazi ukuba yintoni na ixabiso square metre kwe tape kwesiseko ufakelo lwesamente nganye. Umboleki kufuneka ahlawule 4700 engange. isixa wathi umsebenzi.