Atelectasis - yintoni na le nto? Uxilongo, unyango kunye abane

Atelectasis - yintoni na le nto? Impendulo kulo mba lonyango yaziwa kuphela kwabo abanezakhono. Kodwa ukuze ubone ukuba awufuni ugqirha. Iinkcukacha atelectasis, uyakwazi ukufunda izinto wenqaku.

le nkcazelo

Atelectasis - imeko zophendlo lwezifo leyo luphawulwa ngokulahlekelwa airiness ukukhanya wonke okanye indawo ethile. gama kujongwa linentsusa Greek. Yaguqulelwa Russian, lithetha "ayikwazanga" okanye "yokunabisa ilaphu ayiphelelanga."

oonobangela

Atelectasis - ukuhla le ingxenye semiphunga. Ukuba nesimo sengqondo esinjalo imeko zophendlo lwezifo kunokubangela izinto ezininzi. Sibala ezona kanye ngoku:

• Ukwanda umphezulu kwempixano waphawula kwi ezindongeni alveoli. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le ngezifo kubangelwa nokudumba yemiphunga okanye imvelaphi cardiogenic noncardiogenic, kwakunye nokungabikho lunezinto okanye iinkqubo esosulelayo.
• Ucinezelo ye yomoya okanye umphunga, nto leyo ibangwa yimiba eyahlukeneyo lwangaphandle (umz, ithumba mediastinal, i anomaly kuphuhliso iinqanawa ezinkulu yegazi, lymphadenopathy, hypertrophy engabalulekanga , njalo njalo).
• Pathology isifo (ngaphakathi) Udonga bronchus (umz bronhomalyatsiya, deformation, ukudumba okanye nokudumba).
• Isithintelo okanye occlusion le mithambo le kuthiwa-ukuze imizimba inyumoniya amazwe, yencindi, ubunzima caseous (umz, tuberculosis), kunye mucosal nokudumba.
• Ukunyhashwa uhambo endalo esifubeni, leyo kuvela ngenxa ukushwabana luvo phrenic, zomzimba jikelele, zokufota okanye izifo neuromuscular.
• Ukwandisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi em- pleural (kuquka hemothorax, hydrothorax, empyema, pneumothorax).

Kutheni kunjalo kungenzeka atelectasis? Izinto ezibangela le meko ngokufuthi ezimela acute ekuweni omkhulu kwemiphunga, nto leyo kuvela nje ingxaki postoperative ngenxa nokungakwazi elide isigulane, ioksijini libanda, emzimbeni, ukusetyenziswa amathamo aphezulu nadlamkisayo kunye opioids, kwakunye arhente vasodilating.

ubungozi

Ngubani na kakhulu sivame atelectasis? Esi sifo ifumaneka kubantu kutyeba, abanesigulo esinganyangekiyo kunye sombefu. Kwakhona ke iintshayi sifo.

ngezigaba

Ngu imvelaphi atelectasis of lobe wemiphunga kunokuba iziphene (oko kukuthi, lokuqala) okanye lufundiwe (oko kukuthi, eziziisekondari).

Phantsi sifo zaseprayimari kwakuthetha urhulumente xa usana olusanda kuzalwa akukho emlungisa lula. Njengoko kuba atelectasis abazifumene, kulo mzekelo kukho spadenie izihlunu lung, leyo ngaphambili inxaxheba kwinkqubo uphefumlayo.

Asikwazi ukuba iziganeko ezinjalo kufuneka ahluka ukusuka atelectasis siswini, okt imeko airless kwemiphunga, nto leyo iqatshelwe umbungu, kunye nokomzimba (oko kukuthi, hypoventilation okwenzeka abantu ngenye usempilweni kwaye luhlobo reserve ye inwebu kwemiphunga).

iintlobo zezifo

Kuxhomekeka isixa esiqwini wemiphunga esentlango, ephuma inkqubo ukuphefumla, esi sifo umbuzo wohlulwe:

• acinar;
• segmental;
• lobular;
• lilonke;
• equity.

Kwakhona, kusenokuba amabini okanye unilateral. Kwenzeka ukuba, uhlobo lokuqala kuyingozi kakhulu kwaye kakhulu ngokulula kungakhokelela ukufa isigulane.

iintlobo zezifo

Kuxhomekeka imiba etiopathogenic yale ngezifo kwenkqubo pulmonary yohlulwe ezi ndidi zilandelayo:

• Ucinezelo atelectasis, okanye ukuwa kwemiphunga. Le meko ibangelwa ucinezelo ye inwebu kwemiphunga evela ngaphandle, kunye nokwanda em- pleural kolwelo, emoyeni, igazi okanye ubomvu.
• atelectasis Obstructive. Le meko kuhambisana ukwaphulwa yokugaya uqhoqhoqho kunye kokuphazanyiswa inyumoniya.
• atelectasis lung Discoid. ngezifo ezifana kudla emva contusion Isifuba okanye ubambo waphuka.
• Nokuncipha - kubangelwa ucinezelo ka nyama ezinezikhondo ye-alveoli (emiphungeni subpleural).
• Acinar - ezinxulumene ndiswele lunezinto (kaninzi kwenzeka kubantu abadala kunye ezisanda kuzalwa kunye nokuphefumla ekubandezelekeni syndrome).

Kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukuba esi sifo kuthathelwa ingqalelo i reflex kunye postoperative, yaye ngokuthe ngcembe ekuphuhliseni etsolo, gingxi kunye nezintsonkothileyo, idlule nengapheliyo.

iimpawu

Ngamandla lung atelectasis ekliniki kuxhomekeka kumthamo kunye uqina nokuthityazwa inyama lung nonfunctioning. Mikroatelektazy, atelectasis segmental abangatshatanga srednedolevoy syndrome amaxesha nazimpawu.

Ngokumalunga ubungozi-ekuqaleni sifo, oko uneempawu kakhulu. Kulo mzekelo, isigulana uvakalelwa buhlungu ngesiquphe, dyspnea paroxysmal, cyanosis, ukhohlokhohlo owomileyo, tachycardia kunye hypotension. Xa ukwanda elibukhali ukusilela yokuphefumla kungenzeka noma ebulalayo.

Kwi Ukuhlolisisa isigulane lalibonisa ongekenziwa nomhlehlo uchaphazelekayo womGaqo-emiphungeni ngexesha ukuphefumla, kwakunye nokuphefumla esifubeni ukunyuka asezantsi. Ukongeza, phezu atelectasis umlilo wagqiba blunt zibuphekhashini, isandi okanye iyanqanyulwa. E mnye umoya kabukhali okuncitshiswe (akakuva).

iingxaki atelectasis

Ekubeni ngokuthe ngcembe ziqwempu cima ikhompyutha lung umoya kweempawu zesi sifo ahleliweyo kangangoko engaphantsi. Kodwa ezilandelayo atelektaticheskaya inyumoniya ikhula gipopnevmatoza.

Imbonakalo khohlo kunye isikhohlela, nangecesina, kunye neempawu nokwanda ukunxila intetho malunga Ukuvuma of komtshiso oko. Kulo mzekelo, esi sifo kuthethwa nzima kuphuhliso ithumba kwemiphunga okanye ithumba inyumoniya.

ekuxilongweni

Uxilongo lwe atelectasis wemiphunga olwenziwe iimviwo X-ray welungu nokuphefumla kwi kwingqikelelo osecaleni ngokungqalileyo. Oku kubonisa intsimi ukufiphala kwemiphunga yohlobo olunye kunye mediastinum offset ukuya iqhezu sixhokonxe inkqubo uphefumlayo. Ukongeza, i-X-ray kwaphawula indawo ephezulu udaka uvalo ndakumandisa nomoya lung.

Kwiimeko sokuthandabuza, le ndlela yokufunda esicacisiweyo CT. Kwakhona, ukuba oonobangela obstructive ukusetyenziswa atelectasis bronchoscopy kwaye ngexesha elide angiopulmonography atelectasis imveliso kunye bronhografii.

unyango

Efumanise atelectasis kwemiphunga ufuna ugqirha (pulmonologist, neonatology, ukwenzakala okanye ugqirha thoracic) Amacebo asebenzayo. abantwana bazalwa nje atelectasis ephambili pulmonary bathela suctioning imixholo isixokelelwano sokuphefumla usebenzisa catheter irabha. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, yisa tracheal ekumfakeni kunye nemiphunga smoothing.

Kule hlobo izifo ezifana atelectasis obstructive oko okubangwa liqumrhu langaphandle, utsalo yayo ikhutshwa phandle bronchoscopy zonyango diagnostic.

Ukuba spadenie Lung kubangelwa ekufumbekeni imfihlelo neenkani, ngoko uchithe lenguqulelo endoscopic emthini inyumoniya.

Ukuze ukunciphisa atelectasis postoperative bamthwala tracheal aspirate, imithambo yokuphefumla, yokuthanjiswa esifubeni zezihlokomiso, yokuhambisa amanzi postural, kwakunye inhalation ngeziyobisi enzyme kunye bronchodilator.

Asikwazi ukuba konke konke atelectasis imvelaphi ngokuxhomekeke ekuphunyezweni olugunyazisiweyo sizikhusele unyango anti-ukudumba.

Outlook

Impumelelo ekukhanyeni eyandisiweyo ixhomekeke ixesha ekuqaleni konyango kunye ebangela of atelectasis. Xa ukupheliswa ngokupheleleyo yokugqibela ngemihla zokuqala ezintathu lentelekelelo ngokuphathelele nokuphefumla wobuyiselo site amalungu intle.

Xa iimeko kakhulu abakwazi ngaphandle uphuhliso utshintsho zamabanga share yokulala. Ngokukhawuleza zazivelela futhi atelectasis okukhulu kungabangela ekufeni.