Umaleko eliphakathi ibandakanya imithambo izihlunu transversely striated, iipropati yegazi

Ekubeni lokuvula kwi IsiNgesi igqirha ngenkulungwane XVII lokufumanisa uWilliam Harvey ngayo umthetho ngayo ukuhamba kwegazi ngokusebenzisa iimpahla ngesayensi, kwafunyaniswa ukuba umzimba kwinkqubo lweziqalelo conductive. Yinto emithanjeni, emithanjeni kunye imithambo yomntu. Zinelungelo isicwangciso esinye lwezakhiwo, njengoko ngexesha embryogenesis wabumba ukusuka kwenye lwegciwane umaleko - mesoderm. Ngenxa umahluko imisebenzi eyenziwa yi uhlobo oluthile nempahla, ukuba ezinye iinkalo isakhiwo. Kweli nqaku liza siya kugxininisa kwiipropati ezithile imithambo yegazi ababandakanyekayo ejikeleza ezincinane nezinkulu.

Njengoko udonga lwemithambo kwakhiwa

ngemibhobho Flexible, ixesha elide yaye elastic ukuba emke entliziyweni - a umthambo kwabantu. Ngokutsho kuye igazi uya onke amalungu kunye namalaphu, bephethe iiseli mpilo kunye nezondlo: iswekile, acid, glycerol acids okunamafutha. Kwangaxeshanye kuthatha kwimveliso ukutya zeselula, kunye carbon dioxide. Kuzo zonke iimpahla yegazi esimbaxa oshukunyiswa phantsi koxinzelelo kwaye ngesantya sezingeni eliphezulu. Ukuze ugcine ingqibelelo beendonga kwemithambo kufuneka ibe namandla kakhulu. Zinelungelo isakhiwo umaleko ezintathu, neya siya sijonga ngakumbi.

isakhiwo yangaphakathi

Ezintathu Iqokobhe ngesitya; engaphandle, oluphakathi kunye angaphakathi, umahluko echaza imisebenzi eyenziwa ngabo. Ngenxa yoko, umaleko engaphandle ubunjwe izihlunu evakalala nokuqina, kwalapho yayize. Uchulumanco, edlula phezu kwabo, ibangela utshintsho mithambo kwemithambo, ethi ichaphazele index of wegazi ngaphakathi isitya. Umaleko eliphakathi ibandakanya kwimicu kwemithambo striated kwaye iqulethe inyama kwezihlunu egudileyo. Ngaphezu koko ke akhoyo kwi imithambo imisonto nokuqina equlethe elastin protein. Ngenxa ucutheko ukunyenyiswa umaleko dystrophy kwemithambo yegazi mithambo utshintsho. Oku kulawulwa Imicu zemithambo-nkqubo yawo luvo. Ngoko ke, lo excitation kwicandelo onovelwano ebangela licuthe kwemithambo, kunye parasympathetic - yokwandisa ubukhulu zabo. Zangaphakathi Umaleko ziindawo kukulawula iquka ezikhethekileyo nokuqina izihlunu - endothelium, abe kakhulu kakuhle komhlaba kwaye ubonelela ilungele iimeko zokuba ithombo legazi layo kulo. Njengoko kubonakala, zonke zomaleko zodonga esimbaxa kakuhle ukusebenza transfer igazi umsebenzi phantsi koxinzelelo kwaye ngesantya esiphezulu.

Cinga iimpahla esimbaxa zibalulekileyo emzimbeni womntu. Ezi ziquka aorta, pulmonary kunye neempahla ivaleke.

aorta

Njengoko kwemithambo inkulu umzimba, lo aorta nkcazelo evela ventricle ekhohlo kwaye yahlulwe amasebe amathathu: ukwenyuka, arch kunye isebe zisehla. Zinika igazi onke amalungu angaphakathi kunye namalaphu. Uxinzelelo olunikezelweyo 120-150 mm HG. Art. Ukumelana iimpembelelo ezivela iinxalenye isigxina igazi betekisi ngokusuka entliziyweni, umaleko eliphakathi ibandakanya enamandla esimbaxa izihlunu zomzimba, sikuphelise ukungcangcazela ezingasafunwayo elungele ukuya nokuhamba kwegazi. zokurhwaqela ezinesingqi udonga aortic uyakwazi ukubona ukubetha zokuhlola lwangaphandle kwi kwemithambo iphiramidi ebonisa iiwotshi ngasekhohlo. Olindelwe esibekwa izihlunu, oko ilahleko luthambe kukhokelela kuphuhliso kwemithambo aortic - isifo kakhulu emele isoyikiso kubomi babantu kunye nisaqala ngakubanampawu ecacileyo. Oku inkinga isigulo kwangethuba kwaye sifo kungabonwa ngokusebenzisa indlela ezifana nemithambo ultrasound.

kwegazi pulmonary

umbala obomvu, okroqiweyo ioksijini kunye nezondlo, lihamba igazi esimbaxa ngokwentliziyo ngokusebenzisa aorta. Apha iqala kwegazi. Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa ukungcola aorta ibe amasebe amathathu, igazi aqukuqela kuloo maziko zonke iinkqubo nokomzimba. Kukho kwakhona ezincinane, ebizwa ngokuba yi-pulmonary, isangqa, ukuqala ventricle ekunene. Ukususela oku kuza pulmonary, leyo uthwala amaqamza alveolar lung igazi lwemithambo ukuba sele iqokelelwe Kusenjalo ephezulu nesezantsi nakumgongxo kwegazi. Simele sikhumbule ukuba kwicala lasekunene intliziyo igazi lwemithambo, inxalenye yayo ekhutshelwa kwi-pulmonary. Ingcinezelo kuyo kwakhona kakhulu phezulu, nangona ngaphantsi kwi aorta.

Umaleko eliphakathi ibandakanya myofibrils Umthambo izihlunu egudileyo izihlunu, kutshintshwe ne protein ifayibha ilastiki. Kwi amasebe asekhohlo nasekunene egazini pulmonary lwemithambo emiphungeni apho Exchange igesi lwenzeka: icarbon dioxide ngesi em- le alveoli kwaye egazini kubengezele mpilo abaqhagamshelwe kunye kombala yokuphefumla - mpilo.

Njengoko ubona, i-pulmonary, aqukiweyo kwegazi pulmonary, uthwala igazi lwemithambo emiphungeni.

imikhumbi ivaleke

Intliziyo - elinye lamaziko dystrophy kakhulu eyomeleleyo ukusebenza ngesingqi. Inika igazi emzimbeni wonke, kodwa imfuno zokufumana liqhawuke kwezinto trophic neoksijini. Ukwenza umsebenzi wayo ebalulekileyo umzimba inkqubo yalo olujikeleza lakhe.

Oku kuquka amasebe Umthambo ukusuka inxalenye yokuqala aorta ekuthiwa ibhalbhu nya. Umlomo iimpahla coronary ibekwe kanye emva ivalve aortic, engaquki ukuba igazi emva ventricle lasekhohlo kwentliziyo. Ngokusebenzisa iimpahla coronary ngosuku uyenyuka kwiilitha ezingama 500 igazi, oku kubonisa umthwalo onzima, nto leyo ixhomekeke inkqubo kwegazi intliziyo. Umaleko eliphakathi iquka umthambo kunye elastic imicu izihlunu, yaye ngenxa yegazi, okanye inkantsi rhoqo ngesiquphe nga ngamandla okubuyela kwimo. Apho le mithambo lifinyele, nto leyo evusa inxenye kwentliziyo izihlunu necrosis - iposi engabalulekanga.

uxinzelelo lwegazi

Ngaphambili, safumanisa ukuba kwemithambo yegazi ihamba phantsi koxinzelelo kwaye ngesantya esiphezulu. uxinzelelo lwegazi buhlobene zigaba intliziyo: systole kunye diastole, kwaye eqhelekileyo ilizwi nemithambo kukuba malunga ulingana 120/70 mm HG. Art. Oku kulinganiswa kwi igeyiji xi kwemithambo brachial. Ukuba iindonga kwemithambo ungaxinanisa, ithowuni yabo uyandiswa kunye nokunyuka uxinzelelo. Loo imeko zophendlo lwezifo ebizwa lwegazi. Oku kukhokelela umthwalo entliziyweni izihlunu zayo kwegazi ukuphazamiseka ngaphandle unyango kunokubangela sentliziyo isifo.

Kweli phepha sifunda isakhiwo ezincinane neempawu emisiweyo yokusebenza kwazo emzimbeni womntu.