Ukwenzakala ngomqolo: Ukuhlelwa, iimpawu, unyango

Spine wenza umsebenzi ebalulekileyo: ixhasa umzimba kwindawo tye kwaye yinto efunekayo kwinkqubo musculoskeletal. Nakuphi na ukwenzakala spinal kunye umnqonqo, kunokuba nemiphumo emibi yonke eziphilayo. ikholam Various spinal ezimashakeleyo kwenza ngaphezu kwe-10% yokwenzakala umva. Bona aqhelekile kubantu abaqolileyo kungakhathaliseki ukuba yindoda. Maxa wambi iingxaki emva kwenzeka ebantwaneni, kodwa ke, njengokuba umthetho, ukonzakala ezinjalo okufana emqolo wesibeleko kwaye zihlelwa yokwenzakala ukuzalwa. Abasetyhini kufuneka ukulimala spinal kutshanje uye wabhiyozela kancinci ngenxa enkulu ukunyuka kakhulu inani abafazi abakhulelweyo abaya wazala licandelo ngoqhaqho.

izizathu

ukwenzakala umnqonqo na uhlobo enkulu kakhulu yokuba ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo weentshukumo. Yokulimala zixhaphakileyo spinal zibangelwa imithwalo enzima ngokugqithiseleyo kunye neempembelelo kuyo. Oku kunokuba bawe kubude, ngena ngokungakhathali ukuya ubunzima kubunzulu nciphisa umntu, iingozi kunye nezinye kwingozi yemoto-zendlela nganye. Ngamanye amaxesha uhlobo ukwenzakala unako emiselwe uhlobo neziphumo ezibonakalayo kwi kwikholam spinal. Umzekelo, kwiingozi zemoto ukonzakala zixhaphakileyo yomqolo wesibeleko, ngokungathi lehla ukusuka kubude Ukophuka sacral zixhaphake kakhulu okanye asezantsi-thoracic.

Iingxaki kunye umnqonqo abe umlinganiswa eyahlukileyo. Xa abadala, njengoko umthetho, zokonzakala emqolo zenzeka ngenxa yeempembelelo amandla lwangaphandle kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo umva. ezinxulumene-Age umonakalo, ezifana intlala banxibe ingakhokelela ekubeni licuthe le stenosis emisele nomqolo kunye nophuhliso. Oku kubangela uxinzelelo umnqonqo kunye luvo lomqolo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukuphazamiseka umsebenzi wabo. ukwenzakala ngumntwana zenzeka ngenxa yokuba enamandla kakhulu okanye ngesiquphe yade le umnqonqo.

Types of zokonzakala emqolo

Iimpawu yokulimala spinal ixhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nendalo. Zonke iintlobo umonakalo kunokwenzeka zahlulwe nemivumbo, nokopha kakhulu, kwizaphuko, dislocations, kunye ucinezelo. Baya kuchaphazela ngqo isenzo kunye nonyango ubuchule, kwakunye neziphumo zale sifo nokukhawulezisa ekuphulukenwe yesigulane.

1. Ukwaphuka lomqolo wesibeleko kukwaphula ingqibelelo ithambo, ngokwahlukileyo ukuya dislocation, nto leyo luphawulwa ulungelelwaniso ngokungafanelekanga ye amathambo kunye axis yayo. Ezi ukwenzakala kunokukhokelela umonakalo umnqonqo. Ucinezelo ukwa kwenzeka ngenxa ucinezelo enamandla umzimba vertebral kwiindawo ezithile yomqolo apho inxalenye isiwe phambili phantsi. Xa oku compact emqolo ukuze babhaca kwaye ezivelileyo kungena lomsele spinal. Ukwenzakala ixhaphake kakhulu ngexesha yingozi yemoto okanye jerk ngesiquphe umzimba phambili.
2. Xa kwenzeka le dislocation komsipha lungu okanye amandla elula. umonakalo enjalo 'tshixa' amathambo ngentla ngamnye enye kwicala elinye okanye kumacala omabini kwikholam spinal. Iingxaki kunye umnqonqo ngexesha elifanayo esinokubakho ngokuxhomekeke lungu njani mobile eqwengiweyo. Ukubuyisela zilindelekileyo zokusombulula ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo vertebra, umguli linokufuna uqhaqho.
3. Onokukhubazeka kwenzeka ngenxa ukugxagxiseka spine ephantsi-thoracic ngenxa yokulimala.
4. Quadriplegia nako kwenzeka ngenxa yokwenzakala apho iziphumo ezibi kakhulu thoracic ongentla kungafihlwa yaye amathambo wesibeleko. Ezi zokonzakala emqolo kungakhokelela ekulahlekeni ukuhamba kuzo zonke imilenze.

Ukwenzakala yomqolo wesibeleko: Iimpawu

Umnqonqo wesibeleko uthambekele kakhulu umonakalo yokwenzakala. Malunga ne-20% kuzo zonke ukwenzakala kumhlathi spinal uwe phezu kweli sayithi, ngaphezulu kwama-35% kubo obulalayo. Ukonakala kwalapho wesibeleko kungenxa yokuba ngexesha intloko igalelo ezibukhali kwaye umntla yomntu ihamba kumacala angafaniyo.

ukwenzakala umqolo wesibeleko zinkulu kakhulu kwaye iyingozi. Kuzo zonke iintlobo ezaziwayo loo monakalo uphawu le nxalenye kwikholam spinal, ukwaphuka emqolo wesibeleko yeyona ixhaphakileyo, okanye "whiplash" isiphako. Idla eyenzeka kwi abaqhubi okanye abakhweli abandakanyeka kwingozi yemoto. Ngexesha elekhtrons ngesiquphe yesithuthi ngenxa ukumangala kabukhali inertia ezosulela kubo bonke abantu kule ndlwana. Uhlukunyezwe yomqolo wesibeleko luphawulwa lumngcungcuthekise ngesiquphe, imisebenzi mafutha ethile entanyeni, isiyezi, ilahleko lokuqonda.

zokonzakala emqolo esifubeni esinqeni

Lidla phantsi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo yokwenzakala umqolo thoracic kunye empontshwa. Avamise kakhulu ziquka Ukophuka ukuba kwenzeka ebudeni ukuwa okanye ingozi yemoto. Ukongeza, abadala nabo basemngciphekweni umonakalo kula masebe ngenxa yobudala kwamathambo. Umonakalo umnqonqo ingabangelwa ngenxa zaphuka kakhulu vertebral.

Xa umnqonqo thoracic yonakele, umntu sifumana iqolo ngokulinganisela esiqatha, apho mandundu intshukumo. Ukuba umnqonqo gqitha, ngoko kongezwa iimpawu antsi, ka esibuhlungu, ubuthathaka kunye nokungakwazi ukulawula ukusebenza lo lwesinyi namathumbu. Yokulimala kakhulu olufanayo thoracic kunye empontshwa umqolo zezi zilandelayo:

1. ngokudibeneyo enyelisa kwamalungu vertebral Intervertebral. Oku kwenzeka xa ukubana ngenkani amathambo phambili okanye ngasemva. Ukuqiniswa konyuso iintlungu kunye intshukumo phambili okanye umva yomqolo.
2. Muscle uqhekeko umonakalo nokwenzakala eliqhelekileyo emva zemidlalo ezininzi, xa inkqubo kwimisipha umnqonqo nga angawonakalisa ngokwakhe kunye iintshukumo ezibukhali. Iifoto ukulimala yi isithwebuli, sikwazi ukubona iqondo lazo. Iimpawu zesi sifo zibandakanya ubuhlungu xa ayeguqa, ayeguqa umzimba emva naphambili ukujikeleza.
3. Dislocations costovertebral amalungu evela okanye ngenxa intshukumo ngenkani amathambo thoracic, okanye ngenxa yesifo arhabaxa. Kulo mzekelo, iintlungu kwandisa xa ukhohlela, uthimla, ukuphefumla enzulu thoracic.
4. Kwamathambo aqhelekile kwezemidlalo umfowunelwa, ukuwa okanye ingozi. Iintlungu sithatha ixesha elide kwaye livela nokuba ngokujika kancinane komzimba.
5. Zokufota, okanye ugobile yomqolo, naye ukonzakala okukhulu. Iimpawu musa kusoloko indawo abe, yaye ngokufuthi zixhomekeke ukutshintsha ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko nganye.

ukulimala Generic spinal

iingxaki emva kubantwana amaninzi iphawuleka nje ukwenzakala ukuzalwa yomqolo wesibeleko. Enye yomonakalo na usana yomqolo bifida, apho amathambo musa ukugubungela ngokupheleleyo imizwa ekrwada. Ngokufuthi, isiphako okunjalo kwenzeka kummandla lumbosacral, kodwa kukho ukuxolelwa. Ukonakala kwalapho wesibeleko ngexesha lokuzalwa kwenzeka ngo-40% yamatyala kwaye kudla kunye ukwenzakala ebuchotsheni generic. Isizathu sokuba le meko zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• ukungangqinelani phakathi ubungakanani intloko ezingekazalwa kunye isinqe sikanina;
• malpresentation kuloo ndawo ibinomthwebeba zesibeleko;
• iziqhamo enkulu (ubunzima ngaphezu 4500 g);
• ukukhulelwa njengokuzalwa;
• oligohydramnios (oligohydramnios) kunye nezinye iimeko bekhubazekile.

Ngaphandle ubunzulu umonakalo, ukuzalwa ndinespina bifida ebantwaneni, idla ALS esavuyisa kwasendaweni yayo kummandla lumbosacral. Kweli xesha lokukhula elikhutheleyo umntwana awanazo waziva komhlana, kodwa abazali kufuneka ukubukela idayethi ubunzima bakhe. Weight nzuzo iza kubangela uxinzelelo nedoformirovannye omqolo ukuba andzise sifo. Xa kukho umdlali olimeleyo yomqolo wesibeleko kukho iqela ezingxingongweni. amaninzi aba abantwana abanengxaki abaqhuba ngayo kwizifundo, ubunzima engawajonganga ukuphazamiseka, kunzima ukuba baqwalasele mbandela. Ngamanye amaxesha bifida kunokubangela ukukhubazeka, ubuthathaka imilenze, iintshukumo iliso okungaqhelekanga, iingxaki amathambo, njalo-njalo.

ukulimala umnqonqo

Ngamanye amaxesha spinal trauma kukwenzakala kudlulela umnqonqo. Oku kunokubangelwa zizinto zangaphandle ezifana contusion nkqi, okanye ucinezelo ukwaphuka yomqolo wesibeleko, nangona umonakalo kungenzeka nayiphi na inxalenye kumhlathi vertebral.

ukwenzakala umnqonqo, ngokuqhelekileyo aboniswe miqondiso ilandelayo:

• ndindisholo okanye ukuluma kweqondo;
• intlungu yobunzima kummandla yokulimala spinal;
• imiqondiso ethukile;
• ukungakwazi ukuhambisa imilenze;
• ukulahlekelwa lulawulo phezu ukuchama;
• ukulahleka lokuqonda;
• eyona ndawo nemvelo lwentloko.

iingxaki spinal zidla ziziphumo iingozi ebezingaziwa okanye ubundlobongela. ibangela ukulimala ivame:

• bawe;
• ukuntywila emanzini (ezivela betha ezantsi);
• trauma emva engozini yemoto;
• awe ephakamileyo;
• limala ngexesha isiganeko yezemidlalo;
• ukwenzakala le yangoku yombane.

uncedo lokuqala amanxeba spinal

Iziphumo zokonzakala emqolo kuba kubi kakhulu, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba bakwazi ukunika uncedo kwixhoba yokuqala ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo. Nawuphi na umonakalo kumhlathi vertebral zithathwa entsonkothileyo, yingozi kwaye zifuna esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza. uncedo lokuqala ngokubi spinal kuxhomekeka kubume nobungakanani umonakalo obangelwe ubude balo, ukuntsonkotha lwesakhiwo kunye nokubaluleka esebenza. Imiphumo umzimba emva kokuba iziphumo zale trauma zixhomekeke ngqo kwi umntu uya ziziphathe njani kakuhle, ngokunika uncedo lokuqala nemeko enzima.

Imisebenzi Uncedo abachaphazelekayo emva kokonzakala spinal ziquka:

• Kwangoko ubize inqwelo;
• ngokubonelela tiyeke tyaba echaphazelekayo;
• ukuqinisekisa nokungakwazi epheleleyo ixhoba, nokuba yena ubecinga ukuba ungahambisa ngokuzimeleyo;
• internal yokufakelwa enikiweyo engekho yayo. Oku ukuba ulahle umva intloko ixhoba wakhe, kwaye kungcono ukuzama ukutyhalela phambili umhlathi sayo.

ekuxilongweni

Xa ixhoba wabalekiselwa esibhedlele, oogqirha baya amkhangele ubambe zoviwo luvo ngokupheleleyo ukugqiba ubunjani kunye nendawo yokwenzakala. Iindlela uthandwayo kokuxilongwa ziquka-x-reyi yomqolo.

Ukuba emqolo umonakalo, zoviwo X-ray ka photo ubonisa site atyiwe kunceda ubone uphawu wayo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, uphando olubanzi kakhulu, ngokunjalo ukubona ulutya kukwenzakala spinal usebenzisa livakale Imagnethi yomhlaba kunye CT scan kunye uthotho lweemvavanyo ukumisela isantya ekudluliseni imiqondiso-luvo apha ebuchotsheni.

Unyango yokwenzakala spinal

Ngelishwa, akukho ndlela eya ukulungisa umonakalo umnqonqo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho nonyango ngcembe ezikhuthaza nokuhlaziya ngokutsa iiseli zemithambo-luvo, ukuphucula nokubuyisela nemithambo umsebenzi ephilayo.

Ukuba ukwenzakala spinal kwenzeka, unyango igxininisa ekunqandeni ngakumbi ukuqhubeka kwesifo kunye nokwandisa amathuba kwixhoba. Ukuba ithe yanikezelwa ICU, apho umntu uza kufundiswa iziyobisi, utyando okanye unyango zovavanyo ngokuyinika unyango emzimbeni. Amayeza ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga iintlobo nokoyika yokwenzakala spinal kunye lomqolo. Ukuzinzisa le umnqonqo kwaye ukuba ziziswe indawo efanele kuza kufuneka ube nomtsalane okhethekileyo. Kwezinye iimeko, isigulana intamo fixed kunye inekhola nzima. ngebhedi ekhethekileyo nazo negalelo umzimba immobilization.

Kwiimeko iingozi kakhulu spinal angafuna utyando ukuze ususe iingceba amathambo kutyumka kunye nezinye izinto kwamanye amazwe. Ukongeza, unyango ngotyando efunekayo xa idiskhi herniated okanye ukukwazi compress amathambo ngamnye. Ezi zinto zibalulekile ukuba nokuzinziswa esqwini vertebral ukwenzela ukuthintela iintlungu kunye sengozini.

Injongo unyango ngokwasemzimbeni kwizigulane kunye zokonzakala emqolo umnqonqo kukuba ukwandisa umgangatho wobomi ngokwandisa ikhono ngokomzimba. inkqubo ukuyifundisa lwemisebenzi eyenzelwe ukwandisa izakhono isigulane ngasinye ukuze kufikelelwe inqanaba kangangoko nokusebenza lomqolo. Oku kuquka siseko ilandelayo:

1. Ukuvavanywa ukunyhashwa ezinkulu kunye namandla awo.
2. Imida imisebenzi abachaphazelekayo.
3. Uphuhliso Imisebenzi komzimba, kunye nokulawula iinkqubo ukubulawa.

Ukuphazamisa ukuyifundisa yeyona sisebenzayo kulawulo ukuphazamiseka ezinxulumene abakhubazekileyo ngokwasemzimbeni, iimoto kunye nelahleko oluvo.

Xa imeko yexhoba uzinzile, uya kufuneka ikhondo kwimeko yesiqhelo, injongo yazo kukuba ukugcina nokomeleza umsebenzi kwezihlunu ekhoyo, izakhono motor ecikizekileyo kunye noqeqesho lwezakhono motor. amanyathelo Rehabilitation na ukuthintela iingxaki kunokwenzeka emva kokuba umothuko nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.

ukuvimbela

Ngelishwa, zokonzakala emqolo kunye umnqonqo ke akucingeleki, kodwa nabani na ukwazi ukuyithintela intlekele, ukuba bagcine amanyathelo okhuseleko elula.

1. Nxiba ibhanti isihlalo xa kuhanjwa ngemoto.
2. Ngexesha imidlalo ukunxiba izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokhuselo.
3. Musa ukuntywila kwiindawo ezantsi ayikaqondwa.
4. Ethatha inxaxheba ekomelezeni inkqubo dystrophy ukuqinisekisa nomqolo inkxaso efanelekileyo.
5. Musa ukusela utywala xa uqhuba.