Ukwahlukanisa iinkqubo zolwazi

Ukuze siqonde intsingiselo efihliweyo emva kwenkcazo 'zokuhlela iinkqubo ulwazi ", kufuneka ukhankanye oluphi iinkqubo ekuthethwa. nangoku Abanye bakhumbula 50 ezizukileyo, xa izibalo zemali ezahlukeneyo (ingakumbi umvuzo) lwenziwa ngoncedo lwe computing oomatshini kunye nomgaqo electromechanical yokusebenza. Nangona ukuba intsebenzo yabo kunzima enokuthelekiswa kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki, Noko ke, lula izibalo kunye wokubhala ngokukhawuleza ndlela zemveli manual.

Akumangalisi ukuba ezi 60s baba ithuba izicacele yokuvumela ukusetyenziswa iinkqubo ezinjalo ukwenzela ukwandisa hayi nje kuphela umbandela kunye ukubala yemivuzo, kodwa nakwezinye iinkalo ezininzi ezinxulumene of accounting. Kwiminyaka 70-80 iinkqubo ezinjalo aqalile ukuba isetyenziselwe ulawulo. Ngasekupheleni '80s Bulelani ukuvela-high speed izisombululo elektroniki, iinkqubo zolwazi waqala asetyenziswe yimibutho eyahlukeneyo, kungakhathaliseki nomsebenzi. Enyanisweni, inkqubo kunciphisa iindleko zabasebenzi, yaye ngenxa yoko, ekugqibeleni kwandisa inzuzo.

Iintlobo iinkqubo zolwazi zezifundo kwinzululwazi yekhompyutha. Bona omnye imiyalelo kwale nzululwazi. It unetyala igama layo neenjongo zophando - izisombululo ekwaziyo ukugcina, ukufumana nokuvelisa ulwazi. Ngaphezu kuqaliswe ukukwazi zokukhangela ukongeza iinkcukacha ezintsha. Ezi izisombululo, njengoko unokuthekelela, zibizwa ngokuba iinkqubo zengcaciso.

Inkqubo Ulwazi yokuhlela ekhoyo iquka division ngu:

• level informatization. Okwangoku, i-computer ixhaphakileyo Ais (ngokwawo Information Systems). Bona bathathe inxaxheba kuzo zonke izigaba lweenkcukacha. Ngoko, loo nto ixela ukuba ulwazi operation lwenziwa yi ngumntu (kubandakanywa izixhobo abancedisayo ezifana abacus), ngoko ke umntu emsebenzini kunye IP manual;
• ukusebenzisa indlela. Abameli inkulu yale hlobo - nkqubo yohlalutyo. Eli qela libandakanya i-IAS (inkqubo yolwazi-analytical), IPA (enjini yokukhangela), IRS (inkqubo ekusombululeni). Inxalenye umda phakathi kweendidi phantsi kwemiqathango, njengoko iyakwazi ukwenza iindidi ngeendidi zemisebenzi iinkqubo zolwazi;
• emininzi yokuhlela eyaziwa lweenkqubo zolwazi esetyenziswa zibukeke. Isisombululo kakhulu ilula - inkqubo ulwazi lendawo (IS). A Umzekelo okumangalisayo - ukusebenza kwisixhobo enye yekhompyutha ngaphandle imfuno yokusebenzisana namanye IP. Pha ezintsonkothileyo, eyakhelwe lo mgaqo "uhanjiselo-server '. ukusetyenziswa kwazo zonke iintengiselwano womnatha inika server eyodwa. Ekugqibeleni, IP asasazwa - uthungelwano multi-tiered kunye iiseva ezininzi;
• zokuhlela iinkqubo zolwazi yakhiwe uluhlu lwemisebenzi. Kumnandi Model kusenza ukuba ukuseka indlela-ezimbini kwabelwane ngolwazi ne modeli zifundonzulu. Ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo (ICS zaphunyezwa zemali, zemathematika kunye nabanye. Model), kusenokwenzeka ukuba ufumane inani izisombululo ezizezinye. A Eyonanto ibalulekileyo - IP wayeyingcali;
• entsimini ukusetyenziswa. Ukwahlula ulawulo IC (abazazisayo iingxaki abasebenzi ezifanelekileyo ukudlulela); ulawulo Technical IC (inkqubo kungamampunge automated); EC lwenzululwazi (uphando kunye amalinge kunye nokuqwalaselwa iziphumo); uqeqesho EC (kunika ingcaciso electronic); Pha ezihlanganisiweyo (indibanisela kwemisebenzi ezininzi).

Ucalulo iinkqubo zolwazi lwe data yobuqu yenzelwa phezu kule milinganiselo elapha ngasentla, ngexesha elifanayo kukho umahluko obalulekileyo ukusuka abanye leesekethe - imfuneko yokukhusela ulwazi zigqithiswe. Le nkqubo indibanisela hardware kunye software yakhelwe data zobuqu. Kokuba ezenzekelayo isisombululo.