Ukutshala iipulale imithi ekwindla kumadlelo. Imithi ye-apple emifumba yommandla waseMoscow: iintlobo

Ukuba ufuna ukutshala i-shrub yeziqhamo, i-rose exotic okanye i-apula kwisiqwenga sakho, akubona bonke abagadi begadi abanomdla abanokuyinyamekela indawo yemozulu apho umhlaba wabo ukhona khona. Nangona kunjalo oku kubaluleke kakhulu ngokukhula okuqhelekileyo, ukuphuhliswa, ukuvuna kunye nokuvelisa isityalo okanye umthi.

Ukuba kufuneka utyale i-apula umthi ekuwa kweedolophu, kufuneka ulungiselele ngokucophelela. Usuyazi ukuba ufuna ukutyala kule ndawo, kodwa kufuneka ulungiselele umhlaba kwaye ngokuchanekileyo ukhethe ixesha lokutshala.

Imozulu yeMmandla waseMoscow

Kwiindawo zaseMoscow naseMoscow ngokwawo, zikhona iintyatyambo ezinqabileyo ezinqabileyo kunye nobushushu behlobo. Ukuba benza, abahlali ixesha elide. Indawo yendawo yaseMoscow ibaluleke kakhulu kwimozulu. Kwaye kwakukho entliziyweni ye-East European Plain.

Oku kwenza ukuba sikwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululekile kumoya obandayo okanye ofudumeleyo. Ngenxa yokungabikho kwamanzi amakhulu amanzi, i-amplitude enkulu yokutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa iyabonwa. I-Gulf Stream, amaqhwithi avela eAtlantic naseMeditera anika ubusika obumnene.

Ngoko ke imiphi imimandla ekwindla yemithi ye-apula kufuneka ityalwe kumadlelo? Iingcali zicebisa ezo zenzelwe indawo ye-4 B. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yindawo yokhuselo lwamaqabunga.

Endaweni, ummandla waseMoscow unokukhuphisana namanye amazwe aseYurophu, iimozulu zezulu zezantsi kunye nenyakatho yelo mmandla zihluke kakhulu. Abagadi bezityalo ezikumantla kufuneka bathathe le ngqalelo kwaye bathenge iintlobo zeepula ezidumileyo zokutyala kumadlelo, ukunyamekela ukunqandwa kwamaqabunga.

Ixesha le-apula yokutyala komthi

Unokutyala imithi emininzi entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ixesha ngalinye linempawu zalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo umsebenzi wegadi usetyenziswa ekutyalweni kwemithi ye-apula kuchitha ekwindla. Ngeli xesha, umthi ulawula ukubuyisela inkqubo yeengcambu, ukuqiniswa ukukhula kwangomso.

Ukuba ukhetho lwakho lwawela entwasahlobo, izithombo zifakwa emhlabathini xa umhlaba ungakhangeli. Lo mthi udinga ukuthambisa rhoqo. Ukungabikho kwamanzi kungathintela ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo yeengcambu kunye nokuphulwa kophuhliso lwayo. Kwimeko nayiphi na, ukutshala ii-apula entwasahlobo nasekwindla kuya kufuna umhlabathi olungiselelwe.

Ukulungiselela umhlaba

Ukutyala imipula ye-apula ekwindla kumadlelo kugqitywa emgodini, oko Kucandwa kwangaphambili. Oku kwenziwa okungenani ezimbini kwiiveki ngaphambi kokuqala komyezo. Umthombo omhle wezondlo kubalulekile ukuhluma kunye nokuphuhlisa umthi we-apula kwiminyaka embalwa elandelayo. Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo bomgodi wesihlahla se-apula ngu-80 x 80 cm. Umthi owodwa oqinileyo ufuna udweliso lwe-5 x 5 m, ngenxa yeentlobo ezincinane-3 x 3 m.

Kumele ukuba igcwaliswe ngumqolo ophezulu womhlaba, umquba, i-peat kunye ne-humus isuswe. Kubalulekile ukuvelisa umquba obolile kunye nama-handful of 7. Zonke zicokise kwaye zidale ukufika kwindawo yesigquma, eziza kuphakama malunga ne-20 cm ngaphezulu. Oku kwenziwa ukwenzela ukuba, ngokukhawuleza, umhlaba, ulungelelaniswe, awuyi kukhulula. Ngaphandle koko, iingcambu ze-apula ziya kuncipha.

Kulo mgobo kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa umthi we-apula kwisigodlo, ukusasaza iingcambu kummandla wayo. Phala amanzi, prikopat uze udibanise umhlaba. Ukuze umthi ozayo uphumelele kwaye ukhule ngokulinganayo, kuyimfuneko ukuyibopha kwizithuba ezintathu.

Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokutyala

Ngoko, unomthi omncane we-apula, ukulungiselela umhlaba kunye nokutyala kulungiselelwe ixesha elizayo. Ngaba ukhethe imbewu ngokuchanekileyo?

I-bark akufanele ibe yomile kwaye ibomile, ukuba kunjalo, ngokukhawuleza ufake umthi emanzini. Gweba ingcambu nge-fingernail yakho, jonga umbala phantsi kwegxolo. Kumele kube mhlophe kwaye imanzi. Inkqubo yeengcambu kufuneka iphuhliswe kakuhle, iphuhliswe kakuhle, ingabi ngaphantsi kwama-30 cm ubude.

Kufuneka uthenge izithombo kwiindawo zokuhlala ezikufutshane nomhlaba wokutyala komthi. Ba tyelele, uya kufumana ubutyebi obukhulu beeflethi kwiindawo zaseMoscow. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuthengwa kwezinto eziphathekayo, kwaye kungeniswe "kumzantsi".

Uhlobo lwemipula yokutshala kwiidlelo

Xa ukhetha iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, kubalulekile ukuhlawula ingqalelo ukuba zonke iintlobo zivuthwe ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Ukuba ufuna isityalo esiqhumayo sibe setafile rhoqo, kufuneka uhlume iintlobo zehlobo ezithela iziqhamo ngoJulayi nasekuqaleni kukaSeptemba. Ukuvunwa kwekwindla kuvela ngoSeptemba ukuya kuNovemba. Uhlobo lwezityalo zasebusika luyakususwa ngoNovemba, kwaye zigcinwa de kube yinyanga yokuqala yehlobo.

Ngoko, iintlobo zasehlotyeni: iMelba, iJubhi, i-White, i-Orlinka, i-Medunitsa, i-Antonovka igolide, iDesert Isaeva, Inhle, iCypress.

Ziziphi iintlobo zekwindla zezihlahla ze-apula ezityalo kwiidlelo? Ezi zilandelayo: Bessemyanka, Antonovka, Koreinka, Orel emgca, i-Zhigulevskoe, iCinnamon emicu, u-Uslada, i-Anis ebomvu, Okhethiweyo, Injabulo yaseAmbulini, iCranberry.

Ewe, ukucaca okupheleleyo, sibiza iintlobo zebusika: iNyakatho yeSinap, i-Aport ebomvu, iBabushkino, Bogatyr, iBorovinka, yasebusika yaseMoscow, iRussia, iSmglyanka, iMirnoe, Ubuhle baseMoscow, ubuhle busika , i-raspberry yaseBelarusian.

Ziziphi iimpawu zeentlobo zeedolophu

Umthi we-Apple ngumthi wendalo yonke onokukhula kwiipaki njengento yokuhlobisa. Edibaneni ngumthi onika amahle, izityalo ezinamanzi, eziqhumayo. Ukutsalwa okufanelekileyo kwemithi ye-apula ekwindla kumadlelo kuya kuqinisekisa ubomi obude bezityalo kunye nefruit. Ikhula kakuhle kwaye ikhula. Ukuba umthi we-apula ufutshane, ngoko uvelisa amahlumela amaninzi kunye namasebe amasha.

Iingcambu ziyomelezwa kakuhle ukuba kukho indawo eninzi yamahhala. Ikhula ibe yindawo enkulu. Iingcambu ezondla umthi zikhula kwinqanaba lomhlaba ongama-half-half, kanti ezinye, ngokuchaseneyo, zikhula ngakumbi.

Izixhobo zeentlobo:

• Imfutshane emfutshane yokuhluthwa kweziqhamo.
• Indawo yesimo sezulu yaseMoscow ivumela iziqhamo ezithwele umthi wase-apula kanye kwiminyaka emibini.
• Iintlobo zasehlobo zivuthwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. Izithelo zeAkwindla zisuswe emthini ngoSeptemba, kwaye ubusika ngasekupheleni kukaOktobha noNovemba.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zeentlobo

Zonke iintlobo zinexesha elifanelekileyo lokuvuthwa, kwaye ngaphezu koko:

• Isisindo sesiqhamo sinokuhluka kakhulu. Encinci - 60 g, enkulu kunazo zonke - ngaphezu kwama-200 g.
• Ingxenye yomthi we-apula ihlawulela rhoqo ngonyaka, enye-kuphela emva konyaka.
• Ingcamango yamapile: omuncu, omnandi kunye omuncu, onothileyo.
• Umbala ohlukileyo wesiqhamo.
• Ubungakanani bomthi ukususela kwinqanaba ukuya kwinqanaba elinamandla.
• Izifo ezithintekayo: eziphakamileyo, eziphakathi, ezibuthathaka.
• Ixesha elikhulayo kunye nobomi beshefu: ihlobo - phakathi kunye nokuphela kwehlobo, iziqhamo zigcinwa ngeveki 1; Okwindla - Septemba-ekuqaleni kukaOktobha, 1-2 iinyanga zigcinwa; Ubusika buyasuswa emthini ngoNovemba, kwaye kugcinwe kude kube luphakathi kwehlobo.

Imithi yamapula

Akukho zimbewu zeentlobo zeemaphula. Inyaniso kukuba kule njongo inokuthi ithathe isityalo se- apple seedle esithandwayo kwaye ityalwe kwi-rootstock ye-dwarfish. Inkqubo iyinkimbinkimbi kwaye ide, akunakwenzeka ukuba yenziwe ngokwayo kwiziko layo. Ngoko ke, unokuthenga iintlobo zeepula zemithi kuphela kwiindawo zokulala.

Iimpawu ze-apple encinci

1. Isitokethi sivinjelwe ukukhula komthi. Isityalo esikhulu singafikelela kwi-2.5 m ukuphakama.
2. Umthi uqala ukuvelisa isivuno kusasa. Ngomnyaka wesibini unokufumana iziqhamo. Zizinkulu kwaye zinamanzi, zinemibala ebomvu.
3. Ukudibanisa kwimithi yobukhulu kunokuhlakulwa kwiindawo ezincinci zendlu.
4. Ukukhutshwa kwendawo nganye yunithi iphezulu kunomthi oqhelekileyo wamapula.
5. Ukunyamekela ibhonsai kufana nomthi wesayizi oqhelekileyo.
6. Umxube wobunzima bebusika, ukukhula kwangaphambili, ukuvelisa nokulula ekunakekeleni.

Ngoko ke yintoni imithi esemaphulaphu efanelekileyo yokutshala? Kwiindawo zaseMoscow iintlobo zichazwa luloluhlu lulandelayo:

• I-Apple engumntakwaBrachud. Ukuphakama komthi kufinyelela kwi-2.7 m. Izithelo ezinomlinganiselo we-110-150 g. Ulusu lubophekile, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza. Igcinwe kwiinyanga ezine. Naluphina ukusetyenziswa kweziqhamo kufanelekile . Umthi uphucula rhoqo. Ukuvuna emthini ukuya kwi-120 kg.
• I-Apple-tree isitala Sephepha. Isithsaba somthi sisisityebi. Iintlobo zinkulu kunezikhulu. Ikhumba le-apula lincinci ioli, ilula. Umbala ohlaza okomhlaza obomvu obomvu. Ukuvuna emthini kuphezulu.
• I-Apple Tree Snowdrop. Umthi onesithsaba esicatyambo. Iintlobo ziphakathi ngobukhulu, zijikeleze. Umbala wesiqhamo unobumba obumnyama obumnyama, bubumnandi kwaye bunomuncu ukunambitha. Uphuhliso luphezulu.
• Umthi we-Apple umgca. Ephantsi, isithsaba esicatyambo. Iintlobo azikho ezinkulu, zijikeleze. Ubumba obomvu obomvu obomvu. Ingcamango ye-apula iyamnandi kwaye iyomuncu. Isivuno esiphezulu nobunzima busika.
• Umthi we-Apple umthamo weSokolovskoye. UCrohn uhleli. Iintlobo zikhulu kunomlinganiselo wesilinganiso, ezijikelezayo. I-taste is sweet and sour.
• Apple tree dwarfish Wonderful. Iintlobo ezivela kwi-110 ukuya kwi-140 g yefom ejikelezileyo kunye nebala elibomvu. I-taste is sweet and sour. Igcinwe ixesha elifutshane, ingabi ngaphezu kweenyanga 1. Iindidi ezichasene neqabunga zasebusika.

Izixhobo zokutyala olu hlobo lwemithi

Ukuba ukhetha - imithi ye-apple encinci yamadlelo, khetha iindidi ngokuhambelana neemfuno zesikhathi sokugcina isityalo. Kakade ke, musa ukuyihoxisa intle yesithelo.

Ukutshala i-apula umthi ekwindla kwidlelo elisemkhatsini weengcambu ezincinci kufuneka kwenziwe kwimeko yomlilo. Ubunzulu bayo bungu-60 cm, ububanzi bayo buyi-80 cm. Ngokwesayizi, ihluke ngokusuka emgodini wesiqhelo somthi we-apula. Oku kubangelwa yimpembelelo ebuthakathaka yezimbewu ezincinci. Ukuhamba kweyona nto iyenziwa ngokugqithisileyo emva kokuphela kukaSeptemba, entwasahlobo-phakathi kwe-Apreli. Iingcambu kufuneka zivaliwe, kodwa intamo yentsimi kufuneka ishiywe ubuncinane u-5 cm ngaphezulu.

Ngomthi omncinci, onika isivuno esicebileyo, uncedo olongezelelweyo lufunekayo. Ezi zinokuba yintsika apho umthi ubotshwe khona, okanye i-lattice. Khetha indawo apho ilanga elaneleyo - ubuncinane iiyure eziyi-6 zelanga elivulekileyo ehlobo.