Iifatata zakuqala zeKatop: inkcazo yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ifoto, ukuphononongwa

Ngoku kutshanje, iintlobo zamazambane zakuqala, iKaratop, zazaliswa eJamani. Ababelethi babefuna ukuzalisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye baphumelela. Olu hlobo lwezambatho lunikeza isivuno esisisigxina nesisityebi ezinsukwini zokuqala. Uvela kwinqanaba elincomekileyo uye wazibonakalisa kwiindawo ezininzi zasehlobo.

Inkcazo ekhoyo

Abalimi abaninzi kunye nabalimi beloli, beva malunga nale sityalo, bafuna ukwazi inkcazo ecacileyo yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, iifoto, ukuphononongwa malunga neepatato zaseKaratop.

Iintlobo azikho ezinkulu, zine-oval round, oval shape. Ubungakanani bemitha ye-tuber ngu-65-100 g. I-pulp iyalungiswa ngokukhawuleza, iluphuzi olukhanyayo. I-rind ihamba ngokugqithiseleyo nge-yellow tint, inobunzima.

Iziqhamo zeziqhamo kunye nezinye iimpawu zoluhlu

• Ixesha lokuvuthwa. Le ngqungquthela yinto yokuvuthwa kwangaphambili. Ixesha lembali lezambatho liyi-65 iintsuku. Ukuqokelela isivuno sinokube sekusele ngomhla wama-50 emva kokutyala.
• Imveliso. Inkcazo ye- Karatop yokuqala , iifoto kunye nokuhlaziywa kubonisa ukuba isityalo sibonakaliswe ngumbonakalo ophezulu wokuvelisa. Emva kweenyanga ezi-1.5 emva kokutyala, ngaphezu kweetoni ezingama-30 zeetekisi zivunwa kwi-1 hektare. Kwiinyanga ezimbini emva kokutyala (ekupheleni kwexesha lokuvuthwa), isivuno singaba ngamathani angama-50.
• Umhlaba. Olu luhlu lukhula kakuhle phantse zonke iintlobo zomhlaba. Unonophelo olongezelelweyo kunye nesondlo kuyadingeka kwisityalo ukuba sikhula kwihlabathi enzima kunye nobunzima be-granulometric.
• Ukunisela. Iingcamango kunye nenkcazo ye-Karatop iindidi zezityalo zamatata ziqinisekisa ukuba isityalo asinakubekezelela imbalela kakuhle. Ngaphandle kwezityalo zokunkcenkceshela zokunkcenkceshela zenzeke ngokukhawuleza. Ekupheleni konyaka okhulayo, umgangatho wesityalo uyancitshiswa kakhulu.

• Ukumelana nezifo. Esi sityalo sichazwa ngokuxhatshazwa kwezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezichaphazela amazambane: umdlavuza wezambatyambo, indawo yecala, ii-virus kunye ne-A, i-nematode, i-blight yexesha elide. Ngokuchazwa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo, iifoto kunye nokuhlaziywa, i-potato iKaratop ibonisa ukuchasana okuncinci kwimiba yezilimo eziyizigaxa.
• Ukutyunjwa kunye nokunambitha. I-Karatop isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kokupheka ekhaya kunye nokupheka kwindalo. Umgangatho weentlobo ezahlukeneyo ngu-97%.
• Kwinqanaba elingama-5, inambitha yezambatho ivalwe kuma 4.7 amanqaku. Xa unyango luphathwa, amazambane aphethwe kakuhle. Ingasetyenziselwa kokubili ukwenza i-purees, i-chips kunye ne-frozen.

Iinkalo zezihlumela

Iifatata eziphezulu zepatato eziphakamileyo zibonakala ngezinga eliphezulu lophuhliso. Imifuno inefom yesasazeka okanye isasazekayo. Iindidi zoluhlobo oluphakathi, oluqhelekileyo. Isityalo sichazwa ngokungabikho okanye utywala lwe-anthocyanin obuthathaka. Amahlamvu aphakathi ngobukhulu, phakathi. Umbala oluhlaza lwesityalo, umgca weqabunga elinomtsalane ongabonakaliyo. Ngexesha leentyantyambo, iincinci ezinemibala ezimhlophe zenziwe. Kwisiqithi esinye, kukho ama-tubers aphakathi kwama-25.

Indlela yokukhulisa imbewu?

Inkcazo yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ukuphononongwa kunye neefoto zeepatata zaseKarat sele ziyaziwa, kodwa njani ukulungiselela isityalo sokutyala? Into ephambili kukuba kugcinwe iteknoloji ye-tuber germination. Khumbula ukuba iitapile kufuneka "zivuswe" emva kwexesha lokubanda. Kule meko kuphela uya kunika isivuno esihle.

Isivuno esincinci sinokubangelwa ngumonakalo kwiifotor Colorado. Le nkathazo iqala ukuhlasela amazambane ekupheleni kukaMeyi. Ukungaqhekeki, iifotsha ezincinci zincinci zingonakaliswa. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukukhulisa iingcambu ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ngexesha. Emva kwexesha leembonakalo zezi bhungane iizambane ziza kuba nexesha lokukhula kwaye zomelele.

Ukuhluma kwesi sityalo kwenzeka ngokulandelelana okulandelayo:

• Iifatata zithathwa kwi-storage. Hlola izilimo eziyizigaxa ngomonakalo.
• Khetha kuphela izitato ezinempilo zobukhulu obuphakathi. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezincinci nezikhulu akufanele zisetyenziselwe ukutyala. Ziyakhutshwa zizikhuhlane. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinto ezinjalo: 10 g ye-sulfate yethusi, i-boric acid, i-magnesium sulfate, i-zinc sulphate, i-0.5 kg ye-ash, 2 g ye-permanganate ye-potassium. Zonke iinqununu kufuneka zixutywe ngokupheleleyo kwaye zihlanjululwe ngeekitha ezili-10 zamanzi. Kule nkombululo, izilimo eziyi-tubers ezikhethiweyo kufuneka zifakwe malunga nemizuzu engama-30.
• Somisa iifatata ezingakhuselekanga kwiibhokisi. Kodwa khumbula, awukwazi ukubeka ngaphezu kwemiqolo emithathu kwibhokisi nganye. Iibhokisi kufuneka zifakwe kwindawo edibeneyo. Iqondo lokushisa lomoya kwigumbi kufuneka libe ngumda we-15 ^° C.
• Iveki ngaphambi kokutyala iibhubhu kufuneka kufakwe kwibhakethi yamanzi nge-sawdust ehlanjululwe. Iifatata ezimanzi kufuneka ziphinde zifakwe kwiibhokisi kwaye zizifake ngefilimu ephumayo.
• Ngomso olandelayo, iibhoksi ezinokutyalela iifatata zigqutywe nge-sawdust ngaphambi kokufika kwindawo evulekile.
• Ngethuba eli xesha iibhubhu ziya kunika amahlumela amnandi, okwaneleyo ukuhlwayela.

Ukulungisa ukutyala kweetatate

Inkcazo yeentlobo zezityalo zee-Karatop, iifoto kunye nokuhlaziywa kubonisa ukuba inkcubeko idinga ukutyilisa ngexesha elimnandi kunye neentaba ezifanelekileyo.

Ukunyamekela isityalo kubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekutyalweni kwayo.

Okokuqala, kufuneka silungiselele umhlaba. Kungcono ukuba umhlaba uphononwe ekuwa. Xa ukumba emhlabathini kwengeza umquba, i-superphosphate kunye nomlotha womthi. Ezi zixhobo kufuneka zongezwe ngokwahlukileyo, emva koko umhlaba kufuneka ukhululeke kakuhle yi-rakes.

Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba umgquba usebenza ngokucwangcisa njengechumisi. Kodwa oku akunjalo. Ikhuthaza ukukhululwa ngokukodwa kwe-nitrogen. Iifatata ezikhulile kuloo mhlaba ziya kuba zimnyama xa zipheka.

Ngenyanga enye ngaphambi kokutyala, kufuneka ulungiselele izilimo eziyizigaxa ngendlela echazwe ngasentla.

Iifatata zezityalo kufuneka zibe kuphela xa uhla oluphezulu lomhlaba lufudumele kwi-12 cm.

Izibonda kufuneka zifakwe kwi-cm cm engama-40. Ungafaka umxube we-humus kunye nomlotha emgodini, ugcwalise ngo-5 cm. Phakathi kweemingxuma kufuneka kube ngumgama ongaphezu kwama-30 cm. Ngaphandle koko, izilimo eziyi-tubers ziza kuba neyona ndawo kwaye aziyi kunika ukukhula okufunayo. Phakathi kwemiqolo kufuneka ibe ngumgama malunga no-80 cm.

Emva kokutyala, ilizwe liqingqiwe nge-rakes kwaye lisela amanzi amaninzi. Amahlumela okuqala angabonwa kwiintsuku ezili-10.

Uphononongo

Yimangalisa ukuba kutheni le ndlela yamazambane engaziwa kakuhle kwilizwe lethu. Uninzi kunokwenzeka, akukho ukukhuthazwa kokuthengisa okwaneleyo. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Iipatata zaseKaratop zizibonakalise kakuhle. Ngokunyamekela kakuhle, unokufumana isivuno esihle sokuqala.

Kodwa ezinye izityalo zasehlotyeni azicebisi ukutyala ezi ntlobo zepatata kwiindawo ezimeleyo. Ngaphandle koko kuya kubakho ukucoca ngokucokisekileyo ukutshala imihla ngemihla. Ukungabikho kwamanzi okuchaphazelekayo akuchaphazeli kuphela ubungakanani, kodwa nomgangatho wesityalo.

Isiphelo

Abalimi abaninzi beelori baya kuba nomdla kwiitatata zaseKaratop. Inkcazo yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, iifoto zokuvuna kwangaphambili aziyi kushiya abantu abangabandakaliyo ngabalimi. Emva koko, le yindlela enhle yokufumana isivuno esihle sezambatho.