Ukutsha Chemical: zoncedo lokuqala

Kubomi kukho iimeko ezahlukeneyo, xa kufuneka nabo bamjikelezileyo okanye abantu abasondeleyo zoncedo lokuqala. Oku hit kwingozi yemoto, kwaye frostbite, kwaye ungakubhabhisa nombane. ingxaki Common - nokutsha. Eli gama libhekisela umonakalo inyama obangelwa thermal, umbane, zeekhemikali okanye amandla radiation. Namhlanje sijonga ukwenzakala okubangelwa zizinto ndlongondlongo, kwaye zoncedo lokuqala ukutsha imichiza.

Imfuneko yoncedo lokuqala

Wonke umntu kufuneka azi ukuba uncedo lokuqala sibonelelwe. Le isihloko efanelekileyo kakhulu, kuba nabani na kuba esengxakini. Uqinisekiso ungaphantsi yokuhlela. Abantu abachatshazelwa ukutsha, yahlulwe amaqela ezininzi:

• abantu abachaphazelekayo ngokungenankathalo yakhe, ukungakhathali;
• amaxhoba ingozi;
• abantu abaye baba izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho;
• Service Rescue.

uncedo lokuqala ukutsha imichiza nolusu kunye inwebu yangaphakathi kubaluleke kakhulu. I ngaphambili oko kukuthi, i ngokukhawuleza eyeka sesichengeni ngakumbi izinto ezimanyumnyezi. Ngenxa lokuqala zoncedo kuphetshwe nemiphumo emibi kunye nokufa.

ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga ukutsha zeekhemikhali

betshisa zemichiza kuvela ngenxa ekubonelelweni nefuthe elibi esikhumbeni okanye kwiinwebu kwezinto ndlongondlongo. Bekela bucala kulandela degree of umonakalo:

• Grade I - kummandla ochaphazelekayo uba pripushim, anozizi eluswini;
• II degree - umphantsi nomphezulu le dermis kufa (ngokuba ukutsha thermochemical kuvela amaqamza eziqulathe ulwelo bulubhelu) kwisikhumba onakeleyo ukuchitheka;
• Grade III - kwisiza necrosis ochaphazelekayo iqala (necrosis), esizibonakalisa utshintsho umbala eluswini;
• Grade IV - ichaphazela izihlunu olunzulu-elele (amanqatha ongama, izihlunu, ithambo).

betshisa chemical: Amanani nobukhali izilonda

Ngaphambi kokuba siqwalasele ilungiselelo zoncedo lokuqala ukuba ukutsha imichiza, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba izilonda kwenzeka ngokufuthi abantu ityala babo. ukusetyenziswa engafanelekanga kwezinto ezahlukeneyo kweli khaya, nokungahoywa imithetho yokhuseleko emsebenzini - sezizathu eziphambili. Iinkcukacha-manani zibonisa ukuba ukutsha akholisa ukubakho ngenxa sesichengeni acid (43% amatyala). umonakalo ngaphantsi kakhulu eluswini, inwebu yangaphakathi kubangelwa ingxaki eziphembelela alkalis (ngo-21.5% yamatyala).

Ubuzaza ukutsha imichiza ayixhomekekanga ngempembelelo bangaphandle, kunye notshintsho nemichiza ibakho kummandla yokwenzakala. Substances kokuwela emzimbeni, okanye inwebu yangaphakathi, batshabalalisa esikule de neutralization okanye amachiza kunye nokususwa. Ubuzaza umonakalo kumiselwa izinto ezininzi:

• nohlobo kwemichiza;
• ubude contact;
• ingqondo kunye nomthamo ukwimo;
• indlela isenzo;
• degree esiqwini sokungena;
• ixesha ukuba uncedo lokuqala yaveliswa kwi ukutsha imichiza, ukususwa impahla buzane umcimbi ndlongondlongo.

I algorithm ngokubanzi lwemisebenzi yenkathalelo

Ukubona abantu abachatshazelwa yi komtshiso imichiza, kufuneka usifowunela nangoko inqwelo yezigulana, kuba kuphela xa uhleli kwindawo yonyango unyango kunokwenzeka olusebenzayo ibuyambo ekhawulezileyo. Emva koko, ihlole kuloo ndawo, ukuze abone ukuba kukho yingozi. Ukuba kukho isoyikiso ebomini, ngoko ke kufuneka ucele nabancedi kunye nezinye iinkonzo ezingxamisekileyo.

Ukuba ubomi-hayi, ukuba ixhoba kuba nakho ukunika uncedo lokuqala ukutsha imichiza. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, kucetyiswa ukuba asebenzise izixhobo zakho - iimaski, iiglavu. Xa ixhoba kule ndawo yokuqala kufuneka asuse impahla kwemichiza-buzane. Oku kufuneka kwenziwe ngenyameko ukuthintela ukwenzakala kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

uncedo olungaphezulu ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesiyobisi sokubambela

Indoda ngaphandle uqeqesho zonyango, akanyanzelekanga ukuba ukunika unyango. Yiyo le nto uya kwala ukwenza naliphi na inyathelo kwezinye iimeko. Umzekelo, ukuba into engaziwayo eyabangela zokutsha, kuhle ukuba silinde ukufika ziingcali. Umonakalo ukuba imichiza ixhomekeke uncedo lokuqala.

Noko ke, akusoloko ambulensi ifika ngokukhawuleza kule ngxaki. Ukuze ukuba baliphose ixesha oxabisekileyo likaxakeka, sicebisa pre-wayeqhelene imithetho zoncedo. zidweliswe kule theyibhile ingezantsi.

Ezinye iinkalo uncedo lokuqala

Chemical isusiwe ngempumelelo phantsi njengomlambo kakhulu kwamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo ayikho ukuzila. betshisa zemichiza yageza elide:

• e izilonda adingekayo kule nkqubo ukususela-30 ukuya kwengama-60;
• e izitshanguba of kwealkali - iiyure ezimbalwa.

Amanxeba Sendizihlambile ukunciphisa uza yakhawuleza otshisayo kunye neentlungu. Ukuba ichiza le pudroobraznym ngoko ukuyishukumisa kuqala, uze emva koko umphezulu isikhumba iphathwa kunye yindlela efanelekileyo.

Zemichiza amehlo elivutha: zoncedo lokuqala

Eye - saloyo ebalulekileyo kwimbono yehlabathi ezingqongileyo. Ngaphandle kwabo ke akunakwenzeka ukuba baphile ngokupheleleyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto umchiza ukutsha iliso kufuneka ukunika uncedo lokuqala ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ukuze kulondolozwe umbono. Ukuba amanyathelo acid okanye kwealkali zilandelayo:

1. Ngobunono tyhala iinkophe ngeminwe yakho pula kakuhle ngamehlo ezibandayo kwaye ngamanzi acocekileyo. Ngokuhlamba kufuneka kumpompoza ukusuka impumlo ukuya etempileni.
2. Lokubeka uvale amehlo. Kufuneka zombini kuvalwa kwi intshukumo iliso okunempilo akuthethi ukuba mizwa ekhathazayo emehlweni ochaphazelekayo.
3. Emva kokuba uncedo lokuqala ixhoba akuba emgqubuthele, kufuneka azise kwindawo yonyango ukuba unyango olungaphezulu.

Xa zoncedo lokuqala ukutsha iikhemikhali ezichaphazelekayo nje kuphela akuhlanjwanga ngamanzi ngamehlo. Ukuba acid ngena kusetyenziswa amaxesha-2% nesisombululo nesoda yokubhaka. Ukuyenza, thatha iglasi yamanzi abilayo ongeze kuyo i nesoda yokubhaka esithinzini imela itafile.

Emva contact ngamehlo kwealkali ahlambe nge 0.1% nesisombululo citric acid. Ukuze alungiselele ulwelo iglasi yamanzi ebilisiweyo ongeze amathontsi ambalwa yejusi yelamuni.

imithombo Common iphutha

Xa unika uncedo lokuqala, abantu badla yenza iimpazamo. Bazama ukususa into imichiza usebenzisa kwamalweyile, tampons, ogalelwe ngamanzi. Ukusetyenziswa kwemali ayide ikwazi kuba nokutsha. Ngendlela engalawulwayo kunye nee-tampons izinto singesuki, yaye atyabukile kungena zikhabane ezinzulu ulusu.

Amaxesha amaninzi, abantu abaphatha kwimimandla echaphazelekayo amanqatha, iqanda sac, iimveliso zobisi, umchamo, ahlambe kunye decoction wemifuno. Iingcali, ukwazi oku, musa sicebisa ukuba abantu basebenzise amayeza emveli. uncedo lokuqala ukutsha imichiza, ngaphandle ngokusebenzisa imveliso ngasentla, kungakhokelela ekubeni ukusulelwa amanxeba komtshiso oko. Usulelo ekugqibeleni kungabangela ukufa.

Ukubaluleka lotyelelo zonyango

Abantu abachatshazelwa ukutsha imichiza, kufuneka kusoloko asiwe esibhedlele. Imfuneko unyango esibhedlele kunxulumene kakhulu yokuba izinto ndlongondlongo ngesikhumba, umphezulu ngenxeba, inwebu yangaphakathi ukugqobhoza egazini kwaye wonke umzimba, ukuphazamisa ukusebenza kwawo. Ngokomzekelo, xa inhalation zoqhaphelo ezithile ammonia, hydrogen fluoride, imisi bromine, asidi eyomeleleyo kunye izinto ezifanayo waphawula kwinwebu yamehlo, uxakaxa imifinya kwingqula, nasopharynx, hoarseness, iintlungu umqala, wopha impumlo. Amathuba laryngeal kunye nokudumba pulmonary, nto leyo eyingozi kakhulu.

Ezi ziphumo asingabo kuphela. Xa sokufunxa of oxalic acid okanye hydrofluoric kusenokwenzeka ukuphuhlisa hypocalcemia. Xa ongena ebantwaneni, tannic, formic acid okanye picric acid, phosphorus okanye phenol zingenzeka hepatic kunye ukusilela kwezintso, luvo inkqubo kukudakumba.

Unyango for chemical kuvutha esibhedlele

Scheme konyango emva uncedo lokuqala olunikiweyo ngexesha ukutsha imichiza ibandakanya amacandelo eziliqela. Oku kuquka ukuphelisa iziphumo enetyhefu kwezinto ndlongondlongo. Ukuze wenze oku:

• asebenzise iindlela ukhululo okukhawulezileyo ukusuka wobuntu izinto eziyityhefu;
• Isebenzisa ezithile (iyeza) unyango;
• Amanyathelo okulungisa yenziwe ejolise ukugcina nokubuyisela imisebenzi aphazamiseke eziphilayo.

Unyango isilonda iyabonakala ngokwabo ugqibe kuthathelwa ingqalelo iqondo lomonakalo. Xa I no II ubungakanani kusetyenziswa amabhandeji, linamafutha aqholiweyo. Iingcali Medical ukusebenzisa la machiza ukuba ukukhawulezisa ijwabu ngokutsha. Ukuba kukho ubukrakra, ngoko endaweni namafutha aqholiweyo amabhandeji kusetyenziswa zifakwe isisombululo kubola. Eshe enzulu, kusetyenziswa unyango ngotyando. Okokuqala wenza necrectomy, ngexesha apho nyama lisusiwe. Emva kokuchitha isikhumba isiphako yeplastiki.

betshisa zemichiza ziyingozi. Musa bathembele amayeza emveli, okanye ukuba bonke ndibaphilise ngokwalo. Incutshe kulo naliphi na ityala kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa emva kunikwa uncedo lokuqala ukutsha imichiza. Wathunywa ukuba unyango kwisibhedlele okanye bakuxelele ukuba unako ukusebenzisa ukuze badlamke kolusu minor.