Ukusetyenziswa ukulwa komhlaba: iimeko. ukusetyenziswa nanini umhlaba

NgoMatshi 1, 2015 kuzo zonke ezikhoyo iintlobo amalungelo omhlaba, kuquka ixesha mda, utshintsho sele zenziwe. Innovations uye wathinta imithetho iziza, amaphepha kunye neminye imiba. Esilandelayo yintoni ukuze usebenzise ilizwe izenzo namhlanje.

Overview

Kumaxesha Soviet, kwakukho kuphela impahla karhulumente emhlabeni. Ngelo xesha linye ikwazi yokubonelela izabelo kwimibutho kunye nabantu. Ilungelo ukusetyenziswa isigxina umhlaba ezisisigxina siseko USSR. Ilungiselelwe ikakhulu kwiifama ehlangeneyo. Akukho into efana ukusetyenziswa esisigxina mda belizwe elo yelenqe yaziswa ngokusesikweni kweyoMdumba 1990 ngo HCC. Ngowe-1991 yaphinda ezibhalwe khowudi. Ukuvela kolu luvo sakhatshwa iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo kwezopolitiko. Ngelo xesha kwakukho ukruthakruthwano phakathi Abahlaziyi ekhokelwa Yeltsin emi kunye nabalandeli inkqubo endala. Kunye yokugqibela wasiqonda ngokucacileyo ngemfuneko kunye akunakuphepheka Ushintsho kwicandelo kwempahla karhulumente. Kulo mba, bazama ukuba ukudala imeko apho uthengiso wayeza abachaphazelekayo izakhiwo kuphela ngaphandle ukutshintshwa ilifa ilizwe ngenxa yabo. Kwimeko nguqulelo reverse eyayiza kuba isiseko ukubuyela imithetho pre-ekhoyo.

Le meko phambi kokuba kuqaliswe iiseli ezintsha granule

ukusebenza unomphelo unlimited belizwe kuye kwaqwalaselwa yi abasemagunyeni njengoko yintsalela khona ixesha elide inkqubo eSoviet. Le nto yenza iinzame eziliqela ngaphandle ukusuka ngumthetho wesizwe. Ngokungqinelana ne-Code Land of 1991 ilungelo lokusetyenziswa nanini nomhlaba kufumaneka kuphela kwimibutho. Abo abemi abaye bafumana izabelo phambi ekwamkelweni koMgaqo, sanyanzeleka ukuba aphumeze kwakhona ubhaliso kobunini okanye eziqeshiweyo. umthetho kuqaliswa kwakhona uyakwalela ukunikwa ilizwe lelam kumntu ngamnye. Ngowe-1994, i-Civil zahluma kwakhona ithuba abemi simahla ukufumana iziza zokusetyenziswa.

Ezi nkcukacha lo mthetho

ukusetyenziswa ukulwa kweli lizwe ngenxa ka ixesha elingenammiselo iye yagcinwa kwi Sahluko. 4 HCC. Sinikezelwa umbuso eliqingqiweyo zobumnini ezithengiswayo. Kulo mzekelo, i-LC kabini kunye umlomo ukutshintshwa komhlaba kubemi ukusetyenziswa ngokusisigxina, yaye yaqinisekisa ekulondolozweni amalungelo ezivela abantu kunye nemibutho, ukuba wesuka phambi kokuba kuqaliswe i-Code.

Noko ke, lo mthetho wagxininisa kukungakwazi ukulahla yokusongela ezinjalo. Ngaxeshanye nokuqaliswa kwe-Code, ummiselo okhethekileyo yamkelwa eyayilawula inkqubo. Ukungqinelana zabemi kwafuneka ithuba lokukhupha ubunini bomhlaba elo zisasebenza, ngaphandle kwentlawulo. Ngokuphathelele kwimibutho, ukuba kwathiwa loo nto ibangelwa isinyanzelo yokuthenga umva kwilizwe labo okanye wazikrazula. Amaxesha aliqela nokuxhasa imiqathango lohlaziyo. Ngo-2013, i-Code yoLawulo yasekwa butyala-ukungathobeli. Violators Timing ebekwe nesohlwayo se-20 ukuya kwi-100 lamawaka. P. Le ndlela yokulinganisa ngenkani imibutho ezininzi ukuqhuba kwakhona kobhaliso zorhwebo.

Utshintsho ngo 2015

Ukususela ngoMatshi 2015 a ukusetyenziswa esisigxina simahla belizwe ngaphandle ukusuka Code. Onke amanqaku apho kwakukho ukhankanya kuwo irhoxisiwe. Ngelo xesha, ZK akazange kulawula amalungelo kolu didi komthetho komhlaba. In Art. 39,9 inika uluhlu lwabantu zomthetho kunye namaqumrhu apho kufumana izabelo. Olu luhlu ayibandakanyi abantu bendalo kunye nemibutho engekho phantsi korhulumente ezifana nempahla.

ifuthe

Njengoko kucacile ukuba ezi nkcukacha zingentla, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ilungelo lokusebenzisa umhlaba unako anikwe ithuba elithile. Bona buchazwa Art. 39,10 ZK. Ngelo xesha, ukusetyenziswa abasisigxina ilizwe zinikwe kwimigaqo emibini. Ke kokufuduselwa ngoAgasti 1996. Inani iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ukusungulwa elithi "ongenayo-ezamahala ukusetyenziswa nanini welizwe 'kwimigaqo ibonisa inkcubeko ephantsi esemthethweni yomGaqo-mthetho kweli xesha. Ezinye iingcali yabonisa imbono yokuba ukusetyenziswa elingenammiselo belizwe nga kwenziwa nawuphi na ummi, hayi bezama ukuba bavuselele bafake kule propati. Umthetho ayithi simele abantu izohlwayo, ngaba intsusa ngamaxesha athile.

ukusetyenziswa ukulwa yokusongela komhlaba

Kuliwa phantsi isivumelwano. Ngokutsho kwakhe, elinye iqela uthembisa ukuba ukudlulisela nawuphi na ukunikelwa wabeka / inxalenye simahla kangangexesha elithile ukuya kwelinye iqela. Nevuthisayo ngexesha yena, uyavuma ukuba ukusebenza kwintsimi ngokungqinelana imvume yokusebenzisa nenjongo. Icala lesibini kwakhona uyayamkela isinyanzelo ukuhlonipha indalo kunye nezibonelelo, esingqongileyo, umthetho yocwangciso lwedolophu. ukusetyenziswa ukulwa yokusongela zwe kubonisa imbuyekezo emva kwexesha elibekiweyo kwisivumelwano ikwimeko efanelekileyo ukuze ukusetyenziswa ngakumbi.

izifundo

Grant izabelo imizimba alawulayo amagunya karhulumente wengingqi kunye namandla okulahla propati. ukusetyenziswa ukulwa yokusongela umhlaba enokwenziwa:

1. amaziko kamasipala kunye karhulumente.
2. lweshishini karhulumente Federal.
3. imizimba sobummandla kunye nabasemagunyeni karhulumente.
4. amaqumrhu asemthethweni kunye nabemi.

iindidi zorhwebo

Xa ukusetyenziswa engxamisekileyo ukulwa elinokunikwa iziza:

1. Abakulo karhulumente / ipropati kamasipala. Ukubonelelwa izabelo ezenziwe yi-arhente elawulayo, ezidweliswe Art. 29. Umhlaba wadlulisela imibutho kunye nelungelo eyahlukeneyo, ngokutsho ikhowudi. Ngokukodwa, sithetha amaziko kamasipala kunye zikarhulumente, amashishini karhulumente.
2. Sika- amaqumrhu asemthethweni kunye nabantu ngokungqinelana imvumelwano.
3. Imibutho anikwe n. 2 tbsp. 24, nenkonzo abantu izabelo.

into ebaluleke

ukusetyenziswa angxamisekileyo uncompensated ngokungqinelana nesigqibo kwindawo egunyazisiweyo okanye iqumrhu actuator kamasipala kunye nobuchule efanelekileyo, ngokutsho Art. 9-11 TSP. Umthetho umise ixesha ongu- izabelo. ukusetyenziswa ukulwa komhlaba lwenziwa hayi ngaphezu konyaka omnye. Kwimeko zorhwebo eziphantsi yimibutho okanye abantu, ixesha elimiselwe ngokwemigaqo yesivumelwano. Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kweendawo servo lwenziwa ngexesha apho isivumelwano esisemthethweni yengqesho.

uhlobo Non-yesivumelwano ubudlelwane

Igama elithi "elingenammiselo" ithetha indawo ukusetyenziswa ngaphandle naliphi ixesha imiqobo. Kule eyahluke ukusuka ukusebenza simahla ngokunye, kuba zonke lobeka amaxesha imithetho ethile. Ngelo xesha lokunika uhlobo kwaye kubakho ekusebenziseni ngokusisigxina. Kulo mzekelo, kukho kwemida ye yerenti le Institute. An xesha unlimited, ngokuchaseneyo imbuyekezo, yenziwa rhoqo non-yemvumelwano. Oku kungenxa yokuba ngexesha izabelo enikwe kule imo, njengoko isiseko benze isivumelwano zamaqela, kwaye isigqibo (isenzo) kwiziko abanobuchule bamandla. Njengomgaqo, ngaphandle dacha wezolimo umhlaba ookopolotyeni igadi kunye nemibutho. Kulo mba, ikho into isivumelwano ngexesha mda, kuqwalaselwa ngokusemthethweni belungeloncedo.

amalungiselelo HCC

Abemi ababonisa ixesha mda, banethuba ngokusesikweni ubunini kwisabelo. Ubonelela ummiselo elawula ukuqaliswa kwe-Code Land. Amaxabiso akayi kuba ubukho okanye ukungabikho nkongomiso la maxwebhu isihloko (isiqinisekiso okanye isenzo) ngokohlobo yomthetho, apho kwisiza elinikiweyo. Imixholo impahla kunye emzimbeni abantu asebenza banxiba yelo kumasipala okanye urhulumente, kunye kuwo zilahlwe yaye ilifa kwezakhiwo zabo zomthetho. Njengokuba ekhankanywe apha ngasentla, iziza kubemi ukusetyenziswa esisigxina azifumaneki namhlanje. Noko ke, lo mthetho aluwufaki ukupheliswa oluzenzekelayo amathuba ezisemthethweni malunga iziza eyabelwe bangene amandla kweKhowudi. ubhaliso Property kuvunyelwa kanye kuphela.

izithintelo

Ngokutsho Art. 269 zesifundo Civil Code bafumane ukuba umhlaba ukusetyenziswa ngokungenammiselo, uya kuba nelungelo ukuphumeza ukusebenza kunye nobunini kwesabelo ngaphakathi kwimida emiselwe ngumthetho, ezinye izenzo olumisiweyo, kwakunye uxwebhu ngokwesiseko ngawo eyabelwe. Ukulahlwa, Noko ke, akuvumelekanga. Ngaphandle kulo mthetho ezi meko:

1. Isivumelwano servitude.
2. transmission isabelo Citizen nje isabelo inkonzo.

Izifundo ngaloo ndlela, ngokungafaniyo abanini, ndayihluthwa ithuba okulahla Territories. Abantu abasebenzisa lo isiza ngokungenammiselo, olungawugqithiyo phezu nerente, umsebenzi ongenayo-simahla kangangexesha elithile, kubandakanywa ukufumana imvume yomnini efanele. Nayiphi transaction enxulumene umyalelo kwisabelo, iya kugqalwa njengento elilize nengekhoyo. Umthetho kwakhona kuthintela ukuqaliswa ilungelo lokusisebenzisa kwi reserve mali (ngokomthetho) yenkampani non-ezorhwebo kunye nezorhwebo.

Re-kobhaliso imibutho iziza

Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, amaqumrhu asemthethweni ityala isibophelelo ukuhlawula ezingcwele ukusetyenziswa komhlaba kwipropati okanye irenti. Lo mthetho elisekwe ixesha awufuna ngalo apho kufuneka ukuba kwenziwe, --1 Januwari 2012 xa yokophula elide esilungiselelwe isohlwayo. Ukuba iqumrhu elisemthethweni kubuyisa ukusetyenziswa irenti, umrhumo ngokusebenza ibekwe kwi-2%, nangenxa iziza yabelwe ukusuka kwiindawo zolimo, isixa esilingana 0.3% yexabiso cadastral. Kwimeko zokurhoxa okanye umda amazwe turnover iirenti yi-1.5%. Ukutshintsha la amanani uvunyelwe ukunyenyisa inani cadastral. Ngubani wasebenzisa iziza izinto ezahlukeneyo yomgama, ixesha lokuvuselelwa sele imiselwe January 1, 2016 ukuba isifundo akazange abe ixesha lokuqeshisa ntsimi, ukuba ngentlawulelo ngexabiso 2.5% yexabiso cadastral. Kuba uhlaziyo emyezweni, ehlotyeni, imibutho isitiya kunye nentsebenziswano elide yomhlaba akupheleli.