Ukunyuka - ntoni na? Ingcamango kwengxabano impixano, imbambano, ubundlobongela. izimiso kwengxabano

Ukunyuka - ntoni na? Eli gama lisetyenziswa kumaxesha uncwadi yenzululwazi kunye journalistic, kodwa yaziwa kancinane intsingiselo yalo. Yamva ungquzulwano kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba nexesha apho ingxabano udlula izigaba ezingundoqo kuphuhliso yayo kwaye iza kugqitywa. Eli gama livela kwisiLatini lithetha "somthamo". Ukunyuka ezingqubana, inkqubela kwexesha, iphawulwa soveliso chu ukruthakruthwano phakathi kwamaqela, apho ukuhlasela elandelayo nganye, ahlasele nganye ezilandelayo umdlali welinye iqela okanye uxinzelelo lube kakhulu ngaphezu ezidlulileyo. Ekunyukeni kwembambano njengokuba umendo isehlo buthathaka umzabalazo kunye ngxabano.

Iimpawu kunye neentlobo kukwanekwa

iziphawuli ezahlukeneyo kunceda ukuqaqambisa yinxenye enjalo ebalulekileyo imbambano njengoko ingapheli. Ntoni na, kungekho naziphi na iimpawu ukuqonda nzima ngokwenene. Xa isiganeko iimpawu zangoku mfuneko yakusithumela kuluhlu ezo propati ezinxulumene ngokukodwa isithuba kukwanekwa hayi omnye komnye.

sphere kwengqondo

Ukusabela zokuziphatha kunye nomsebenzi linciphise, mzuzu lenguqu ukuya izinto ezintsonkothileyo ngaphantsi reflection leyinene.

umfanekiso kotshaba

Ukuba iibhloko kunye buthathaka umbono ngokwaneleyo. Ukuba integrally kwakhiwa umdlali analogu, luhlanganisa ceba iipropati wasentsomini ziye ekuqaleni ukwenza ngexesha nqanaba abagxothwa imbambano. Lo mfanekiso utshaba luhlobo ngenxa imbono enokwehla, iimpawu ezimbi kwangaphambili kunye noqikelelo. Nangona kungekho ngxabano, yaye akukho mntu ayikho isoyikiso ngokunxulumene kwabanye, emilise leqela umbala cala: oko uzinzile, njongo ngokwaneleyo saza sacaciswa kubo. Xa ezingundoqo layo, kufana imifanekiso kakuhle ukuboniswa, umfanekiso kwi apho lipholi, akuboni, imfiliba. Kodwa phantsi kwempembelelo ingapheli uya kubonakala mathuba nolulahlekisayo, ukuba isiganeko kwabangela elibi uvavanyo emphefumlweni kunye zobuqu ababechasene zomnye. Kwezi meko, kukho ezinye 'kwangumqondiso "features uphawu iingxabano ezininzi kunene. Xa utshaba lwabo bebona umntu, nto leyo ukuba omthembileyo. Her ukusulela ityala ukusuka elinde wakhe kuphela izigqibo kunye nezenzo eziphosakeleyo - iinkcukacha eyingozi, nto leyo kule meko sisiphumo deindividualization bamchasa uYesu xa utshaba iyayeka ukuba umntu yaye uba nolahlo ngokubanzi nemibutho yabasebenzi, ngoko ukuthetha, ngendlela yimizekeliso okanye iye yafakwa isixa esikhulu ububi, izoyikiso ugonyamelo, ubukrwada kunye nezinye izinto ezimbi.

emoyeni

It ikhula ngamandla eloyikekayo, elinye iqela ulahlekelwa ulawulo, abalawulwa kwembambano ngexesha yokuphulukana ithuba ukuqonda iimfuno zabo okanye ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo.

nomdla wabantu

Ubudlelwane zisoloko amalungiselelo emigangatho, nokuba polar yaye iphikisana, ngoko ke ukwanda intshukumo kukhokelela ezichaphazela kakhulu ngakumbi umdla lecala eliphikisayo. Kufanelekile ukuba sichaze ukuba yintoni na - ekunyukeni kwembambano, okt uhlobo yokusingqongileyo apho ukungaboni nzulu ... "Ukuba polar" zikwinkqubo umdla ukunyuka amacala amabini. Kwindawo ngxabano kwavumela yazo ophelileyo kunokwenzeka, kwaye ngoku kuba uxolelwaniso ngaphandle nobungozi kuyo nayiphi na disputants nabo.

ubudlova

Oku kusebenza njengesixhobo egqwesileyo ekunyukeni kwembambano, njengoko tag yalo yesazisi. Umnqweno imbuyekezo kunye icala elichasayo ngomonakalo bawuphikisa ndlongo ngamnye, inkohlakalo, ukunganyamezelani. Le yamva ugonyamelo, oko kukuthi, ukuqinisa, izenzo Nabanobungqwangangqwili onobundlobongela, soloko ilandelwa lutshintsho kule okanye ukungaqondani.

Yokuqala isihloko ingxabano

Zize ngasemva, akusekho lidlala indima ekhethekileyo, oko ayikho ingqwalasela, ugxininiso, ungquzulwano ingachazwa elizimeleyo iintshukumisa kunye nezizathu ikhondo wayo ozakube usaqhutywa wophuhliso kwaye kunokwenzeka nasemva ukulahleka amaqela eziphambili zesifundo. Imeko ingxabano ukunyuka liba ngokubanzi, kodwa kakhulu ngakumbi. Ukudala iindawo ezongezelelweyo qha amaqela kunye nenkcaso sele ezifakwe kwiindawo ezininzi. Conflictologists busisigxina kwesi sigaba ukwandiswa-sikhokelo kunye temporal lomhlaba. Oku kubonisa ukuba lo obuqhubekayo, ukufumana kakhulu yamva indalo. Yintoni na, kwaye kuza kubachaphazela njani na izifundo ababandakanyekayo ungquzulwano okanye elindile, iya kufumaneka kuphela ekupheleni longquzulwano kunye ziziphicothe yayo.

Yandisa inani lezifundo

Ngenxa yokwanda ngxabano kwenzeka kwaye 'ukuvelisa'-nxaxheba. Ukuqala wokufika obekubonakala kunye kwamalweyile ngendlela amaziko impixano elitsha wamkela wonke, ezikhula kwiqela, kwaye ngamazwe njalo. E. Tshintsha isakhiwo lwangaphakathi qela, ukwakhiwa kwawo, iimpawu zabo. Toolkit iba banzi, kwaye elucidation lobudlelane ungaya eya kumda wesangqa eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo.

Kweli nqanaba, sikuncede inkcazelo ukuba zengqondo. Bagqiba kwelokuba naluphi na ungquzulwano isigaba abazi regresses kakhulu. Kwaye kwenzeka kungekhona ubukhazikhazi umbhodamo, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe, lo gama kugcinwe imithetho ethile.

yamva Stepwise

Kufuneka ube ukuqonda ukuba amele iindlela yamva. La manyathelo ezimbini zokuqala kuba ezidityaneswe ngaphantsi igama eliqhelekileyo - meko PHAMBI kunye nophuhliso yayo. Bona zihamba kukwanda ngokubaluleka iimfuno zabo nezimvo malunga ihlabathi, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukoyika kulo meko zoxolo, ngoncedo macala kunye nokunyenyiswa kwemiqathango. xa ingqondo kwandisa amaxesha amaninzi.

Eqongeni yesithathu uqalisa ngoko nangoko zimbi, uninzi Imihlubulo kwiingxoxo, amaqela ukuba impi ezihambayo ukuba athabathe inyathelo eliqinileyo, apho kukho abathile ngamazwi. Ukuqina, lirhabaxa kunye nobundlobongela, amaqela alwayo uzame ukuphembelela omnye, nto enyanzela iqela ukutshintsha indawo yayo. Bevuma ngeke ukuba akukho mntu. Ubulumko kunye nengqiqo shwaka ngokungathi umlingo, kwaye injongo ephambili ingqalelo iba umfanekiso yotshaba.

Isibakala isimanga, kodwa kwisigaba sesine ngxabano psyche yabantu regresses ukuya kangangokuba iba simthelekisa ingqondo kunye neempawu zokuziphatha umntwana oneminyaka emithandathu ubudala. Umntu akavumi ukwamkela indawo yomnye umntu, ukuphulaphula kuyo, kukhokelwa izenzo zabo kuphela "ego". Ihlabathi luthe lahlulwe 'abamnyama' yaye 'imhlophe,' okulungileyo nokubi, akukho ukwaliwa okanye iingxaki awavumelekanga. Kakuhle eli impi nangokungenamathandabuzo kwakudala.

Xa inyathelo yesihlanu ukuqhekeza ukweyisela yokuziphatha kunye neenqobo ezibaluleke kakhulu. Onke amaqela kunye izinto ngamnye okuluphawu umdlali welinye icala eyaya umfanekiso olunye utshaba, abunaluthando zobuntu. Kwiqela, aba bantu baqhubeke ukunxibelelana basebenzisane, ngoko obukeleyo akunakwenzeka ukuba kuchaphazela kwisiphumo ungquzulwano kweli nqanaba.

Ngokwemiqathango yentsebenziswano psyche lwentlalo abantu abaninzi phantsi koxinzelelo, kukho ukuqhubeka kwaba bafundi. Ngeendlela ezininzi, luvukelo nangokwasengqondweni umntu kuxhomekeke kwimfundo yakhe, uhlobo nemigangatho yokuziphatha, wafunda kumava zentlalo zobuqu.

schismogenesis macala, okanye kwengxabano nakulwazi

Chaza kwengxabano theory impixano ngaphandle uncedo, eyenziwe zizazinzulu G. Bateson, ekuthiwa ngobhalo schismogenesis twatsa. Igama elithi "schismogenesis" libhekisela utshintsho imo ngamnye ngenxa elihle kwezentlalo, kwaye bafumane namava amatsha kwinqanaba weziphithiphithi zokunxibelelana nabantu kunye intrapersonal. Ngokuba schismogenesis kukho iindlela ezimbini kubonakaliswa zangaphandle:

1. Eyokuqala utshintsho yokuziphatha, apho isenzo kwiintlobo ezithile abantu udibane, iyavumelana. Ngokomzekelo, xa elinye iqela ziqhu, kwaye conformal wesibini ukuthobela. Oko kukuthi, ukususela zokuziphatha kwezifundo ezahlukeneyo ungquzulwano kuphuhlisa luhlobo zayimosaic ekhethekileyo.
2. Lwalo yesibini ikhona kuphela xa kukho iiphatheni zokuziphatha, yithini, zombini ukuhlasela, kodwa kumanqanaba angafaniyo ngamandla.

Kucacile ukuba ekunyukeni kwembambano ibhekisela kanye ukuba schismogenesis ukuguqulwa yesibini. Kodwa iindlela ezahlukahlukeneyo kukwanekwa nga zihlelwe. Umzekelo, ukuba ayikwazi uphazanyiswe kwaye anikwe ukwandisa ukungakhululeki, kwaye babe siziinduli xa iiengile etsolo nokuxhasana abachasi uxinzelelo omnye ngokushukumisa uplink, ngoko yi iyehla.

Igama elithi "ukunyuka" lisetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukahlukeneyo, hayi kuphela kwingcingane yokuhlalisana. Umzekelo, kukho ukunyuka Intlawulo - ixabiso eli gama zifundwe na encyclopedia kwezoqoqosho. Kuyinto opholileyo, xa intshukumo yenzondo ezolileyo kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwaye ngaphandle kokuphazamisa, yaye ngamanye amaxesha - a ngababuthuntu; kade wavela, ukuba akukho ixesha elide kugcinwe kwinqanaba elifanayo. Le yokugqibela echaziweyo iphawuleka elide okanye, njengoko bathi, ungquzulwano esinganyangekiyo.

Umzekelo linye yingxabano. nomphumela omuhle

yamva ezincumisayo kwembambano - lithuba lokuba ukuphelisa imbonakalo nomnqweno eqhelekileyo ukuba isisombululo soxolo. Kulo mzekelo, omabini amacala kufuneka iphonononge kwaye ukhethe imithetho yokuziphatha loo nto iyangqubana nemigaqo kunye neenkolelo naliphi na elinye iqela. Ukongeza, ukuba lulandelayo lonke lwaseNtshona Koloni ziba izisombululo lobeko kunye neziphumo ukuba bakhethe nenzuzo, kunye nokuphuhlisa ukuba zibe neziphumo ezininzi kangangoko kukho imeko. Ukongeza, ezi disputants kufuneka ukuchaza ngokucacileyo kwaye ucacise iminqweno yabo kunye nomdla, ukucacisa icala babo malungana, nto leyo ke kufuneka angaviwa. Of lilonke uluhlu neemfuno ukukhetha ehambelana ukuba imigaqo umthetho nobulungisa, uze uqale bezama ukuphumeza kuzo usebenzisa izixhobo kunye neendlela kananjalo kufuneka ukuba yamkelwe yaye yavunywa yi zonke iintshaba.

Ziba ungquzulwano, kakade, kuyo nayiphi na imeko engenakwenzeka. Oku kuyafana nanonophelo, xa abantu balishiye igumbi ziquka i intsimbi okanye umdlalo otshisayo - kukho ingozi yomlilo. Lo mfanekiso phakathi komlilo kwaye ungquzulwano ayikho ngengozi; ke yena kunye namanye kulula kakhulu ukuthintela kunokuba ukucima emva ucinezelo. ukubaluleka Omkhulu candelo ixesha, yaye ngenxa yokuba umlilo nokwanda ingxabano yayo kabuhlungu ngamandla ngakumbi. Ezi ngezinto umgaqo esisiseko kuyafana ekunyukeni kwesifo okanye bhubhane.

Le yamva ungquzulwano isoloko udidekile, ngokuba le ntswela ezihlaziyiweyo kunye neenkcukacha ezintsha, iimpawu, ababa. Iimvakalelo bazalwa ukwandisa isantya kwaye ilawula onke amaqela aphikisayo.

Konke oku kukhokelela ukuba kwisigqibo sokuba yinkokheli abanamava naliphi iqela ukuze bafunde ukuba phakathi kwamalungu alo okanye ibatshise sele ehamba bapheleleyo, okanye ukubaluleka omncinane dissonance esinzulu ngoko nangoko ukuthatha amanyathelo okulungisa. Ukungasebenzi ukungakhathaleli kule meko kungenzeka ukuba agwetywe iqela, iya kukholekisa, ubukrwada, wabugwala, pusillanimity.

Umzekelo linye yingxabano. indawo efile

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba maxa wambi lonyuka lingancipha okanye ime. Lo mkhwa kwakhona unesizathu ukucalucalula:

• Elinye icala elichasayo ilungele concession ngokuzithandela ngenxa yokuba ungquzulwano ngenxa yaso nasiphi na isizathu akusekho ezivunywe.
• Elinye iqela lizama gqolo ukunqanda ungquzulwano, "kuwa ngaphandle", njengoko imeko yongquzulwano eba engonwabanga okanye engafunwa.
• Ungquzulwano usondele kwiziko abafileyo, ekunyukeni lobundlobongela uba luphuthile kunye lutho.

iziko Dead wabiza le miba, xa ngxabano uza ngxi, yima emva enye okanye eziliqela Wayethengisa asiphumelelanga. Ukutshintsha ekunyukeni okanye ukugqitywa isantya ngenxa yeemeko ezithile.

Imiba ye "indawo abafileyo"

• amaqhinga ngxabano kwaba iimeko bazibone okanye ingahambelani ekhankanyiweyo.
• Izibonelelo eziyimfuneko ukuze baqhubeke uxinzelelo welinye icala, wachitha ediniwe. Zisoloko iindleko imali, ixesha namandla.
• Ukupheliswa kwenkxaso evela kuluntu, ukunqongophala ukuthembakala amaqela ezingquzulanayo kwabo ukulwela egameni labo.
• Iindleko ngaphezu kwinqanaba elamkelekileyo okanye bekulindelwe.

Sithetha izinto ngokobunyani bazo, esi sigaba alupheleli utshintsho olukhulu, Noko ke, omnye wabo uqala sengqondo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo imbambano kunye neendlela zokusombulula yayo. Xa macala mabini aya idibane kwinto yokuba ubukho bezinto nayiphi na kuzo akunakwenzeka, kuya kufuneka ukunika indlela, ukunika uloyiso okanye isivumelwano. Kodwa umongo ngeli thuba waqonda ukuba utshaba - akukho nje utshaba, ibumntwisisa zonke ezimbi nosizi zehlabathi. Kuyinto umchasi elizimeleyo lifanelwe, enobuhle zabo kunye neengxaki, nto leyo yaye kufuneka afumane izinto ezifanayo, esivumelana ngazo. Le ukuqonda uba inyathelo lokuqala malunga ekusombululeni ingxabano.

iziphumo

Ngenxa yoko, xa ukucacisa ukuba kuthetha ukuthini ingapheli ngokwemimiselo zentlalo, zenkcubeko kunye nezoqoqosho, simele siqonde ukuba iyakhula sisimo ezahlukeneyo kunye neemodeli, kwaye isiphumo sayo ungakhetha nxaxheba kwi impixano, kuba ixhomekeka kuzo, indlela entle bayakwazi ukoyisa ukuphikisana, nendlela lusizi kuba imiphumo.