U-Nestor Makhno: i-biography, iimbali ezithakazelisayo ebomini

U-Nestor Makhno, owakhe u-biography usenomdla Iimbali-mlando, - umlando weMfazwe Yombango. Lo mntu wehla kwimbali njengoyise ka Makhno, yindlela asayine ngayo amanqaku amaninzi amanqaku. Amaqiniso anentshisekelo ebomini yenkqubo yenkqubela ye-antiarchist uya kufunda kule nqaku.

U-Nestor Makhno: i-biography, intsapho

Ukuqonda ukuba zeziphi iziganeko ezazisetyenziswe ngaphambili kwi-War Legend legend, kuyafaneleka ukuthobela ingqalelo kwiminyaka yokuqala yobomi benkokeli yabarhasi.

UMakhno Nestor Ivanovich, ochazwe ngokucacileyo kule nkcazo, wayezalelwe kwidolophana ebizwa ngokuba yiGulyaypole, ngoku ihlala kwindawo yaseZaporozhye, kwaye ngaphambili kwakuyiphondo lase-Ekaterinoslav.

Inkokheli yexesha elizayo yabalimi abavukelayo yazalwa ngoNovemba 7, 1888, kwintsapho yenkomo yenkomo i-Ivan Rodionovich kunye nomfazi wendlu uEvdokiya Matreievna. Ngokwezinye zeenguqulelo, igama langempela leqhawe le-ajenda yethu nguMikhnenko.

Abazali benkwenkwe, bakhulisa abantwana aba-5, kodwa babekwazi ukunika imfundo yabo inzala. U-Nestor, emva kokugqitywa kwisikolo saseparishi, ukususela kwiminyaka asixhenxe esele esebenzele abantu abahlala kuyo, ababenemali. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva wayesebenza njengomsetyenzana wesinyithi.

Ukuqala kweenguqulelo

U-Nestor Makhno, owakhe u-biography waqala ukutshintsha ngokugqithisileyo ukugqashuka kwe-revolution, ngowe-1905 wabhaliswa kwiqela le-anarchist, eliye laphindwa liphindwe kabili kwiimfazwe zengxabano kunye nemisebenzi yabamaphekula.

Kwenye yezinto ezikhuselekileyo kunye namapolisa, uNestor wabulawa ngumgcini we-oda. Ummangalelwa wabanjwa, kwaye ngenxa yokwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho olunjalo olugwetywayo. I-Nestor eyayisindiswe kuphela ukuba ngexesha letilingo wayeseyindodana encinane. Isigwebo sokufa satshintshwa iminyaka eyi-10 yomsebenzi onzima.

Umfana osemthethweni waya ejele laseButyrskaya.

Ixesha alichithwanga lize

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uNestor Makhno, ongu-biography wakhe ujikeleze ngokutsha, akazange alahlekelwe ixesha elithile entolongweni. Waqala ngokuzibandakanya ukuzibandakanya kwimfundo. Oku kwakuncediswanga nje ngoqhagamshelwano kunye namava aluncedo kwabasetyhini, kodwa kunye neelayibrari enezityebi kwiziko lokulungisa.

Emva kokungena entolongweni, lo mfana olwaphulo-mthetho wayefuna ukuba afakwe entolongweni ngenxa yamabanjwa asebenzela isigwebo sakhe ngenxa yezizathu zezopolitiko. Ama-Anarchists, amalungu esangqa seesebenzi, ekugqibeleni adala isimo sakhe sengqondo kwimibono yobomi bexesha elizayo lelizwe.

Emva kokukhululwa

Inguqulelo kaFebhuwari ka-1917 yasiza iNestor ukuba ikhululeke ngaphambi komhla wokugqibela. Ephefumlelwe ngolwazi lwakhe, uMakhno uya ezweni lakubo, apho ngokukhawuleza ekhokela iKomiti yoSindiso lweNguqulelo.

Ngokutsho kweefowuni zamalungu eKomiti, abalimi kufuneka bawuthobele ngokupheleleyo yonke imiyalelo yoRhulumente wexesha elihle. Baye baqalisa ummiselo malunga nokwahlukana komhlaba phakathi kwabahlali.

Naphezu kwezi zikhankanywe ngasentla, uMakhno wathatha i-Revolution ye-Oktobha ngeemvakalelo eziphikisanayo, kuba wayeyibheke umbuso weBolshevik njengabantu abachasayo.

Ukutshatyalaliswa kwezempi: ngubani na?

Xa amaJamani ahlala eUkraine ngo-1918, intloko yama-anarchist iholele isithintelo sakhe sokuhlaselwa, esilwa nxamnye nabahlaseli baseJamani kunye noorhulumente waseUkraine ophethwe nguHetman Skoropadsky.

Ukuba yinkokheli yenhlangano yokuvukela, u-Nestor Makhno, owakhe u-biography waqala ukufumana iinyanqaku ezintsha ezithakazelisayo, wathandwa kakhulu ngabantu belizwe.

Emva kokuwa kukaRhulumente ka-Skoropadsky, esikhundleni sikaRhulumente kaPetliura, uMakhno ungena kwisivumelwano esitsha kunye ne-Red Army, apho azimisele ukulwa neNcwadi.

Ukuzijonga njengenkosi eyi-Gulyaypole, uNestor Makhno wayevame ukuqala ukuvula izibhedlele, iiworkshops, izikolo nakwiindawo zokudlala. I-idyll yaphulwa nguDenikin, owayethathe iGulyaypole, kunye nemikhosi yakhe. Iqhawe lembali yethu laphoqelelwa ukuba liqalise imfazwe yesigqirha.

Ngezenzo zakhe zempi, uMakhno wanceda i-Red Army ukukhusela ukungena kwamabutho aseDenikin eMoscow. Xa ekugqibeleni ama-Bolsheviks athi apheliswe ngokupheleleyo, umkhosi kaBawo Makhno waxoshwa. Udlale inxalenye yakhe sele sele.

Jikelele uWrangel wayefuna ukusebenzisa oku. Wanikela intsebenziswano kwi-ataman ye-antiarchists, kodwa uMakhno wala. Xa i-Army ebomvu, ezama ukunqoba uWrangel, yabona isidingo soNcedo lukaMakhno, amaBolshevik aphinde amnike esinye isivumelwano. U-Nestor Makhno wavuma le nto.

Ngethuba lemicimbi yezempi engentla, uMakhno, ekuqwalaseleni enye yemiyalelo yoMgibe oLomvu, akayekanga. Oku kwabakho ukuba amaBolsheviks aqala ukuqeda amanqwanqwa akhe.

Ababalekisi, ngo-1921 u-Nestor Makhno, owakhe u-biography omfutshane waphinde wafumana utshintsho, wathunyelwa kunye neqela elincinci labantu abanomdla kumngcele waseRomania.

Iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi

Kwamanye amazwe, uMakhno wabaleka nomfazi wakhe onamandlakazi uAgafia Kuzmenko. AmaRomania, ngaphandle kokucinga kabini, adlulisa ababaleki kumagunya asePoland, abo ekugqibeleni bawaxoshela eFransi.

Iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe uMakhno wayempofu, esebenza njengomntu ophethe isandla. Ukuhlala eParis, uNestor wakhupha iincwadana zeeprogram. Ubomi bakhe bentsapho babenelisekile, kunye nomfazi bahlala ndawonye ngokwexesha elide.

Intloko ye-anarchists yafa eneminyaka engama-45 kwisifo sofuba. Ngcwatyelwa emangcwabeni asePere Lachaise.