Ukunakekela lokudambisa. care lokudambisa ukuba izigulane ezinomhlaza

Nyaka ngamnye, amashumi ezigidi zabantu kufa ehlabathini. Yaye uninzi lwabo nalo eli xaniseka lokukulu. care lokudambisa ijolise ekuphuculeni umgangatho wobomi babantu bathwaxwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo sisifo esingapheliyo kwi -terminal eqongeni, xa zonke iinketho ziphelisiwe unyango olukhethekileyo. Le ndawo yempilo karhulumente ayenzelwanga ukuphumeza kuxolelwe ixesha elide okanye ixesha elide, kodwa hayi ulenze lufutshane. umsebenzi Ethical kwabasebenzi bezempilo - ukuphelisa ukubandezeleka umntu ogulayo. Wonke umntu onesifo esebenzayo kunye ngcembe kuyeza ithuba lobomi, unonophelo lokudambisa sibonelelwe. Umgaqo engundoqo: enoba kunzima okanye esi sifo, ungasoloko ufumana indlela yokuphucula umgangatho komntu ubomi ngemihla eseleyo.

Ngomhla umbuzo ukubulawa

care lokudambisa aliyi kwamkela ukubulawa phantsi yolamlo kugqirha. Ukuba isigulane ucela oko, oko kuthetha nengxaki ukubandezeleka okukhulu kwaye kufuneka ukuphucula unonophelo. Zonke izenzo nje ejolise ukunciphisa intlungu ngokwasemzimbeni kunye ukuphelisa iingxaki yengqondo, apho basoloko kukho izicelo ezinjalo.

Iinjongo Iinjongo

care lokudambisa ibandakanya iinkalo ezininzi zobomi abantu abagulela ukufa: ngokwasengqondweni, zonyango, yenkcubeko, yezentlalo, ngokomoya. Ukongeza ukukhululeka iimpawu zophendlo lwezifo kunye kuphele iintlungu, isigulana kufuneka inkxaso yokuziphatha ngakumbi kujonge. Uncedo ezifunekayo kunye nezalamane yesigulana. Igama elithi "lokudambisa" livela kwisiLatini pallium elithi, elithetha "ekapa", "imaski". Lilele yonke ingongoma. care lokudambisa ukuba izigulane ezinomhlaza, abantu kunye nezinye izigulo ezinzulu ijolise ngokulalisa, ukufihla, kudanjiswe iimpawu zesifo ezinganyangekiyo, ngoko ukuthetha, ingubo igqunyiweyo, inshorensi ngalo ndlela ikhusela.

History of uphuhliso

Iqela leengcali ngeminyaka yenkulungwane yokugqibela phantsi kweliso WHO amalungiselelo intshukumo kuphuhliso care lokudambisa. Xa yee- yokuqala, i-WHO waqalisa ukuba liphulo jikelele ukuqaliswa kwamanyathelo ezaziza kuqinisekisa ubukho apioidov kunye analgesia eyaneleyo izigulane ezinomhlaza ehlabathini lonke. Ngowe-1982, inkcazelo lokhathalelo lokudambisa sele Kucetyiswa. Le nkxaso ebanzi iziguli unyango kwesi sifo ayikho iSADC, kwaye injongo ephambili kwenkxaso enjalo - ukuphelisa intlungu kunye nezinye iimpawu, kunye ukusombulula iingxaki zengqondo yesigulana. Kungekudala le ndawo lezempilo wamkela ubume ingqeqesho ezisemthethweni kunye nezikhundla zayo lwezonyango kunye namaziko emfundo.

indlela zale mihla

ukunakekela lokudambisa kwinkcazelo 1982 kutolikwa nje inkxaso kwabo izigulane lowo unyango ephilisayo akukho wawungasasebenzi. Le ekuqulunqeni iingqameko endle ukhathalelo lwempilo siqaphele ukuba kubonelelwa kuphela zigaba kade sifo. Kodwa namhlanje Yinyaniso eyaziwayo ukuba inkxaso elolu hlobo kufuneka mazinatyiselwe izigulane naziphi na izifo esinganyangekiyo terminal. Kwafika Utshintsho ngenxa baqaphele ukuba iingxaki ezivelayo ekupheleni kobomi yomguli, eneneni kuvela nkqu nisaqala esi sifo.

Ngowe-2002, ngokunxulumene ukusasazeka kwe-AIDS, ukwanda kwaqhubeka inani lezigulane umhlaza, ukuguga ngokukhawuleza yabantu ehlabathini, i-WHO iye engandiswanga inkcazelo yokhathalelo lokudambisa. Ingcinga uhlehlisiwe waya nje kuphela isigulane kodwa intsapho yakhe. Unqontsonqa uncedo ngoku hayi kuphela isigulane kodwa intsapho yakhe, apho, emva kokufa komntu kuza kufuneka inkxaso ukuze sisinde ubuzaza ilahleko. Ngoko ke care lokudambisa ngoku - oku indlela semisebenzi yezentlalo kunye zonyango, injongo leyo isebenza ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi abagulela ukufa kunye neentsapho zabo ngokuququzelela ukuthintela ukubandezeleka ngenxa yoncedo intlungu kunye nezinye iimpawu, psychological libandakanya ngokomoya ...

imigaqo

Ukungqinelana inkcazelo kokhathalelo lokudambisa ukuba izigulane ezinomhlaza kunye nabantu kunye nezinye izifo isisifo esibi;

• It siqinisekisa impilo, kodwa ukufa njengendlela inkqubo eqhelekileyo zendalo;
• It yenzelwe elide kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba isigulane yokuphila asebenzayo;
• Kuye akukho njongo yokunciphisa okanye ixesha elide;
• It inika inkxaso yosapho yomguli kwi inkqubo ukuhamba yokugula kwakhe, ngexesha amava yokufelwa;
• Ijolise ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno yomguli kunye namalungu entsapho yakhe, kuqukwa nolungiselelo lweenkonzo yomngcwabo, xa kufanelekile;
• indlela interprofessional isebenzisa;
• Oku kuphucula umgangatho wobomi kwaye nempembelelo entle ikhosi lwesifo yesigulana;
• uyakwazi ukuphila ngenxa yehambo kwangethuba ngemisebenzi ngokudibene kwezinye iindlela zonyango.

izikhombisi

Ukunakekela lokudambisa kwenzeka ngeendlela ezimbini:

1) lula yeentlungu isigulana ngethuba lokuqhubeka sifo;

2) ukubonisa inkxaso kwiinyanga yokugqibela imihla yobomi.

amacandelo ezinkulu intsingiselo yesibini inkxaso ngokwasengqondweni kwisigulana kunye namalungu entsapho yakhe, ukuyilwa kwento bulumko ethile. Njengokuba besesitshilo izihlandlo ezininzi, unyango lokudambisa - into ukubatshabalalisa umntu ofayo ekubandezelekeni. Yaye ngaba udibaniso ukuhlupheka ntoni? Le intlungu nokungakwazi ngenkonzo ngokwayo, kwaye umda yobomi, kunye ukungakwazi ukuhamba, betyala, kunye nokoyika ukufa, kunye ingqondo namandla nobukrakra ngenxa yezibophelelo bengamagobho imicimbi engagqitywanga. Uluhlu eqhubekile ... Umsebenzi eengcali - ukuphuhlisa sengqondo yomguli ngayo ukufa njengendlela eqhelekileyo (zendalo) ibakala uhambo yabantu.

Wonke Care Organisation

Emva kwenkcazo-WHO, uncedo kufuneka kuqale ngomzuzu sele unesifo esinganyangekiyo, nto leyo kwixesha elizayo kuya kukhokelela ekufeni. Inkxaso echanekileyo yaye ziya kunikwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona kusenokwenzeka ukuba injongo yalo enkulu iya kuphunyezwa - umgangatho wobomi umguli kunye nosapho lwakhe uya kuphucula kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngeli nqanaba unonophelo lokudambisa abantwana kunye nabantu abadala oogqirha ababandakanyekayo kule nkqubo yonyango.

ukunakekelwa ngqo ukufa iyafuneka xa unyango ephilisayo sele yenziwe, kodwa esi sifo siqhuba lukwasetyenziswa ukuvavanya ofumana terminal eqongeni. Okanye xa sifo ibhaqwe kakhulu emva kwexesha. Sithetha ngabo izigulane, apho oogqirha bathi: ". Ngelishwa, asinakukwazi ukunceda" Apha kweli xesha kwaye kufuneka ukuba nenkxaso elifanayo ukufa, ngamanye amazwi - ekupheleni kobomi bayo. Kodwa ke kuyimfuneko kuphela kwabo izigulane ababandezelekileyo. Nangona kunzima ukucinga umntu ofayo ngubani na ochaphazelekayo malunga noku. Kodwa mhlawumbi kukho ezinye ...

Amaqela ezigulane abadinga uncedo

• abantu ngamathumba abuhlungu kweqonga yesine;
• AIDS ehamba Isigaba terminal;
• abantu non-umhlaza ezingapheliyo sisifo inkqubela ukuba terminal inqanaba lophuhliso (pulmonary, kakuhle kwezintso, igazi, hepatic ukusilela decompensation, iingxaki apha ebuchotsheni ukuphazamiseka yokujikeleza kwegazi, multiple).

unonophelo Hospice inikwa abo elilindelekileyo abakuphila ngaphantsi kweenyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu, kucacile ukuba imizamo unyango akukho ndlela xa isigulane luhlangabezana iimpawu ezifuna yinkathalelo ebalulekileyo kunye nonyango kwangumqondiso nesicelo ulwazi olukhethekileyo kunye nezakhono.

inkxaso Iifomati

Inkqubo yokubonelela unonophelo lokudambisa inokuba nomahluko. ilizwe ngamnye isicwangciso yayo. NGUBANI icebisa ukuba inkxaso ngeendlela ezimbini: esibhedlele nasekhaya. amaziko ezizodwa, apho lokudambisa care, abantu abagulela ukufa kunye amasebe kwiiklinikhi Oncology esekelwe, izibhedlele jikelele, izibhedlele yesiKhuseli loLuntu. inkxaso Ekhaya ngeenkonzo ziingcali eluntwini, esebenza izakhiwo ezizimeleyo okanye icandelo amaziko ezempilo.

Ekubeni abantu abaninzi bakhetha ubomi bakho ukuchitha ekhaya, uphuhliso nenguqulelo yesibini unonophelo lokudambisa yoxwebhu ingaphezulu kokuthandayo. Kodwa eRashiya, uninzi lwezi izigulane kufela kwizibhedlele kuba izalamane ndlu ayinako ukudala iimeko umxholo yabo. Enoba kunjalo, loo nto ixhomekeke isigulane.