Ukulungiswa zamazambane imbewu lokulima. Ukulungiswa amatswele zokutyala iitapile. Lungiselela iitapile zokulima entwasahlobo, ukuze xa ukufumana ekuntshuleni?

A isivuno esihle ekwindla, ungafumana kuphela xa kuthe kwenziwa ukhetho oluchanekileyo yenziwe amatswele kunye nokulungiselela neetapile lokutyala entwasahlobo. Xa sisicatshulwa kwi ukuntshula kwembewu amatswele izisele, kuxhomekeke indlela yokulungiselela kunye nokutyala usuku lwabo. izinto Ukutyala kufuneka zisingathwe ngononophelo. Le imithetho jikelele enyamekela ukulinywa nasiphi isityalo. Ixesha kumsebenzi wokulungiselela kunye amatswele yonke umlimi ekhetha. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ukuhlela kunye nonyango yeetapile kufuneka luphunyezwe entwasahlobo okanye ekwindla (ngexesha lokuvuna). Zilufanele ukusetyenziswa kuphela izityalo esempilweni. Bush kufuneka ibe izinambuzane-free, yaye iingcambu zawo - anemifanekiso emininzi amatswele.

Ukulungiswa iimbewu zokulima iitapile: amatswele ukukhethwa intwasahlobo ukuthini

Okokuqala kufuneka enze zokukhetha izixhobo lokutyala. Ubunzima Kucetyiswa yeetapile evumelekileyo ukusebenzisa, ukusuka 30 ukuya 100 grams. nangoko Iingcali kuphelisa amatswele kwabakhangela mpilweni okanye abe imilo ezitenxileyo ezinokwenzeka. Nokukhetha self-ebamb kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ezi mpawu zilandelayo eziphathekayo, nto leyo eyenza kube akafanelekanga ukuba lokutyala:

- emhlabeni inxalenye kwisityalo Ndachukunyiswa nematode;
- ukusuka tuber ivumba elibi kunye nemvelo;
- amatswele wahlala injaduko.

Iyafuna ukunikela ingqalelo kwinto yokuba namazambane zonakaliswe yinto elibukhali, kodwa hayi bachatshazelwa sesi sifo, kuba awunankinga lokulima. Amanxeba zidla iphathwa kunye nesisombululo fungicide. Ngenxa yoko, umgangatho izinto okhulayo kufuneka ungabi ngaphantsi kwe-85%.

uqhekeko amatswele

Emva ukhetho lokuqala ngezinto kokutyala, kuyimfuneko ukwenza yokuhlela ngokwamaqela eziliqela. Okokuqala, ukuchonga bangegqithi eDibanisa amatswele amakhulu (enobunzima ngaphezu kwama-80 grams). Iqela lesibini luqokelelane ukusuka ubungakanani umndilili iitapile (zalishumi grams-50 ukuya kuma-80). Ngenxa yoko, kufuneka uhlale izinto lokutyala encinane kuphela yabhalwa yeetapile ezincinane ne30-50 grams.

yokuhluza

Kuba kokufika ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa iqela phakathi amatswele alungise. Kuba kokuvuna, ungasebenzisa yinxalenye encinane iitapile ezincinane enkulu kunyaka ozayo. begadi abanamava akunconywa ukuxuba amatswele pre-ibangelwa. Isizathu siyifumana yokuba kwamatyholo kuya kukhula ukubotshwa, kunye nezityalo esomelela ngokomelela abayithintelayo ezikufutshane.

Icandelo of amatswele kufuneka emakwenziwe ukuthintela iingxaki ngononophelo olulandelayo-up ukuze izityalo. Le ndlela kushenxisa intshule olungalinganiyo. Izityalo ziya kuba ubukhulu efanayo kwaye ziya zikhula ngendlela efanayo.

amatswele luhlaza

Emva laphula izinto ukutyala ngokwamaqela ezinkulu ezintathu baqala ukulungiselela imbewu zamazambane lokuqalisa. Ifanele zokutyala amatswele kuphela ehluma, ngoko ufuna ukwenza sobuciko zabo. Le namazambane zibekwe kwigumbi abandayo imo ukufudumeza ngokuzinzileyo. Iqondo lobushushu Kucetyiswa kufuneka ungabi ngaphantsi kweqondo 10 Celsius. Kodwa ke kufuneka aqiniseke ukuba ithemometha akazange ukubonisa amaxabiso ngentla degrees 12. Igumbi ukuze yolwabiwo kufuneka umoya kakuhle yaye umoya.

Imeko esingundoqo umhlaba ngempumelelo - kukho inani elaneleyo lokukhanya. Kuphela ukugcina lo mthetho, ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuphumeza umbala ezinqwenelekayo ngenxa emhlabeni amatswele. Xa ukukhanya, iitapile luhlaza. Ukugqibezela inkqubo kufuneka kwiintsuku ezingama-30. Tshintsha amatswele wakho umbala akusekho ekufaneleyo ukutyiwa ngabantu, kodwa ezilungele lokulima. izinto Ukutyala kufuna esweni ngamaxesha athile. Kuyimfuneko ukuba rhoqo amatswele, kangangokuba neetapile ngokulinganayo eluhlaza.

Ukhetho lwe container isitiya

Njengoko kwamatanki okugcina ingasetyenziswa kwimigqomo seplastikhi esitransparenti. Abalimi abaninzi apha naphaya amatswele ezinezityalo kwiibhokisi evela izonkana eziyolisa kwiingxowa eqhelekileyo okanye polyethylene. Ngokutsho iingcali, oku kuphungula ngokubonakalayo ixesha lokulungiselela ngezixhobo lokutyala. Ncoma ukwenza kwiingxowa zeplastiki imingxunya eziliqela ezincinane ukugcwalisa amatswele umthamo simahla-esithathwini, nizibophe iziphelo asengxoweni. Ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba ganga ngoku impahla kunye liyithumele phakathi egumbini cool. Kubalulekile kwakhona ukuqinisekisa ufikelelo ukukhanya okwaneleyo.

Ukulungiswa zamazambane imbewu ukutyala ngokulima maxa wambi ebizwa ngokuba vernalization ekukhanyeni. Kodwa kukho ezinye iindlela ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezikhoyo kunye esizithandayo le nsimu.

Ingqondo lamathuba ukuntshula

Le ndlela lisetyenziswa kwiimeko apho unyango lo umnyamekeli emva kwexesha kakhulu izinto ngokoMthetho lokutyala. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kumalungiselelo iitapile zokulima entlakohlaza kunye ukuntshula nga kukhawuleziswa kancinane. Kuba oku kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela isisombululo ekhethekileyo pre equka umxube ash siphande ngezinto sulfate ubhedu (okanye ivuselela eyahlukileyo ukuze izityalo zikhule). Kuyimfuneko ukuba bagcine olinganise bako ngexesha baxovula. Per ilitha yamanzi kufuna itispuni ikota sulfate yobhedu, siphande izinto zongezwa kancinane - esithinzini ngemela. Isixa ash kuhlanganiselo zonke sitiya uchaza ngokwayo.

isisombululo Izimasekile itshizwe iitapile ngosuku. Ukuvunyelwa ukunciphisa inani iinkqubo ukuze baphumeze izinto lokutyala yokunkcenkceshela kanye kwiintsuku ezi-3. Ezinye begadi antywiliselwa ngokupheleleyo kwi amatswele. Oku yothintelo elungileyo kwezifo, ingakumbi ngundo. Kubalulekile ukuba ungayibaxi, iingcali musa singacebisi ukugcina iitapile kwi isisombululo ngaphezu kwemizuzu emibini.

Okusula amatswele indlela ekhawulezayo

Lungiselela iitapile zokulima entwasahlobo ngale ndlela yenziwa kwiimeko apho kungekho izimo ezidingekayo ukuze intshule kwezinto ukutyala, kwaye ixesha nalo kuphela. Provyalivayut amatswele bacebisa kwiqondo lobushushu ukusuka degrees 14 ukuya 16. Murphy efakwe umaleko obhityileyo endaweni ethe tyaba kwaye avunyelwe ukuba eme ngeenyawo iintsuku ezili-10. Igumbi kufuneka owomileyo.

Lula yinto yokuba xa usebenzisa ukulungiselela loo yeetapile ukutyala, musa kufuneka ukunika ufikelelo ukukhanya egumbini. Le ndlela ilula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa, kwaye isiphumo eliphuma kakhulu eliphezulu. Ingasetyenziswa endaweni eqala engaqhelekanga kwentwasahlobo, njengoko izinto ukutyala ziya kuba zilungele phakathi-April.

indlela emanzi

Xa ulungiselela iitapile ekutyaleni usebenzisa indlela emanzi, iitapile bakhule nje ukhanyiso, kodwa lokufaka umanzi. Njengoko njengesiseko zeendawana ngokuqhelekileyo ukusebenzisa amanzi kwimbuphu yesarha nkxu okanye isanti (begadi kwisibanzi emantla athathe eli umgquba eziqhelekileyo). Izinga ekuntshuleni lenyuka kakhulu; ngokuba lokulungisa izinto lokulima kwanele iintsuku ezili-15. Amatswele unako ukubeka ngaphambi kwe-Epreli.

Ngokutsho kwabanye abalimi, usebenzisa le ndlela yenu amatswele kugcina ngaphezulu kwaye ezinako ukuvelisa izithole enempilo. Bobubi abo luvukelo ophantsi iitapile ukuba izifo nezinambuzane.

izinto ukutyala ukufudumala

Ukulungiselela imbewu zamazambane phambi kokutyala ngokufudumeza amatswele - indlela fastest ukuvelisa ikhaba. Lusetyenziswa kwiimeko apho iitapile musa intshula ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwayo, kunye nexesha ukusetyenziswa kwezinye iindlela ayikho. izinto Ukutyala zigcinwa air eliphezulu lobushushu. Amaxabiso anokuba degrees 35-40. Kule ndlela, kuvela amahlumelo ngokukhawuleza ndivuka amathupha. Amatswele ulungele ukutyala emva kweentsuku 4.

Ukusebenzisa izisombululo

tuber ekuntshuleni kungenziwa kwandiswa wokutshiza ezaqanjwa eziphathekayo lokutyala ezivuselela ukukhula kwabo. Le nkqubo Kucetyiswa ukuba sifeze ngokufuthi ngakumbi kunokuba kanye yonke imihla 5-6. Kuyimfuneko ukuba asebenzise izisombululo ezahlukeneyo, ezinye zazo ziye thaca kolu luhlu lulandelayo:

1) nitrophosphate. yoxinaniso okunikezelwe: itispuni enye neelitha ezintathu ulwelo.
2) nesichumiso "Effekton". Enye asiphe le yokuqamba exutywe neelitha ezintathu zamanzi.
3) Urea. Ukuze a Iijagi ilitha ezintathu-ngamanzi kwanele ukuba icephe elinye elincinane.
Xa usebenzisa izisombululo kubalulekile ukuba ingagqithi yoxinaniso kwento emanzini kwaye bagcine ishedyuli imbewu unyango.

Icandelo of amatswele ngesabelo ngasinye

Ukugcina izinto kokutyala, kwakunye neengcali Sicebisa ukusika amatswele ukwabelana kuqaliswe iintlobo ezintsha. Amalungiselelo anjalo imbewu zamazambane lokutyala (cut) ifuna ukuthobela imithetho embalwa jikelele:

- Sika amatswele kuphela imila. Material ukutyala ayafukanywa kuba iintsuku ezintathu (ukwenza i uqweqwe olukhuselayo).
- Weight of lobule ngalinye kufuneka ungabi ngaphantsi kwe-25 grams.
- Ngomhla kumphezulu isabelo ulusu kufuneka iintsholongwane ngaphezu ezimbini.
- Gcina amatswele kubini air kwigumbi eshushu xa amaqondo obushushu izidanga ukusuka 18 ukuya 25 kunye ukufuma ku-94% ukuya 96%.
- Xa iitapile kufuneka afumane ukukhanya ngokwaneleyo.
- Cutting wathwala iimela insimbi. Emva blade nganye cut iintsholongwane 0.1% manganese isisombululo 0.5% okanye isisombululo acid salicylic.

Prevention izifo

Xa kwenziwa amalungiselelo zokutyala iitapile phantsi ifilimu ngaphandle kwayo, kuba ukukhuselwa kwezinto imbewu izisombululo ezahlukeneyo ngexesha ekuntshuleni. Ethandwa kakhulu phakathi begadi baqalisa nokuhlawulwa iitapile sobisi potassium permanganate okanye sulfate ubhedu. Le ndlela kuthintela isifo tuber yonakalise emva kwexesha. Kuba ingqondo avumelekile sulfate sobhedu ayikho ngaphezu kwesinye itispuni neelitha ezintathu ulwelo. Manganese liyangxengwa emanzini de ukufumana isisombululo enzulu purple elimbala. Iitapile nkxu okwemizuzu embalwa ekwakhiweni, uze emva koko saa kwaye avunyelwe ukuba zome.

Single sulfate ubhedu okanye manganese, nokucebisa ukusetyenziswa isitshizi of amatswele kunye namatyholo abaselula. Oku kuphula ukungawi izityalo kwamagciwane kuzo izifo nangempumelelo inqanda izitshabalalisi.

Lungiselela iitapile zokulima entwasahlobo, ukuze xa ukufumana ekuntshuleni

Kuba ubushushu kunye ukuntshula amatswele zithathwa ngaphandle kwendlu ukuze malunga 30-35 iintsuku phambi kokutyala.

Begadi ku umkhuba, eqinisekile ukuba kumalungiselelo imbewu zamazambane ekutyaleni kunye namanyathelo angabizi ukuba amatswele ukuhluma kunokuba nempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwisivuno. Ezi ndlela musani ukuba iinkcitho elikhulu ixesha kunye nomgudu, kodwa ke ixabiso efanayo nje isichumiso, ukhetho kwezityalo okanye ukusetyenziswa arhente zokuzikhusela kwizifo zezityalo izitshabalalisi kunye.

ukulungiselela umhlaba

ukulungiswa komhlaba ngokuba neetapile yokutyala kubaluleke kakhulu. Upheka ngcono ekwindla ndawo. ukulungiselela Soil zokutyala iitapile ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: umhlaba kususwa ukhula, kuqaliswa nge-1 macala onke. m bethunana umgquba emele okanye umgquba, 15 g potassium ityuwa, 30 g superphosphate. Emva koko, dig kwi onencula, ungazaphuli i amaqhuma. Oku kuya kunciphisa inani overwintered ngempumelelo kwi izinambuzane emhlabeni.