Ukujoyina nobuchwepheshe seentambo lwamandla: udibaniso yokufayilisha

Nawuphi na indawo asandula kwakhiwa ishishini, imveliso, okanye kwicandelo lezindlu zokuhlala ikakhulu afakelwa umbane. imibuzo emininzi kubathengi yi ukulandelelana izenzo ezichaza udibaniso. substantiation uzobe olwenziwe yinkqubo entsonkothileyo echazwe izigqibo zolawulo kunye nezikhokelo kaRhulumente, apho umyalelo jikelele wombane yahlulwe yangamacandelo ezifanelekileyo usebenziso olulula.

Iintlobo zezinto avunyelwe yoqhagamshelo zobugcisa

Le mimiselo waseka uluhlu lwabasebenzisi anxulumene ukuya nothungelwano aqhelekileyo zombane:

• isakhiwo, leyo ziqala ukusebenza;
• Ezakhelwe ngaphambili kakubi, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, ifuna ukwanda amandla;
• izibonelelo ngaphandle ngamandla ukwandisa, kodwa ukutshintsha udidi kukuthembeka ngenxa yenguqu kwi uhlobo olwahlukileyo imveliso okanye umsebenzi.

imithetho uqhagamshelo Grid imisela ukuba inkqubo umbane xa ukutshintsha umnikazi propati yento luyenziwa. Naziphi na amabango evela kumnini uthungelwano kumba kwakhona unyango-yemvelo ayihlawuli.

Inkqubo yoqhagamshelo ku seentambo amandla

Umdibaniso yenziwa ngokwe umyalelo echazwe ngqo, kubandakanya amanyathelo:

• umsebenzisi, ngokutsho imodeli eqhelekileyo isicelo uqhagamshelwano kwiinethiwekhi amandla;
• zisayine isivumelwano yokuphumeza umsebenzi phakathi umnini injongosenzi kunye nomnini network;
• inkampani unawo igridi amandla, ilungiselela iinkcukacha kwemithetho ekhoyo, zamabango abo, umsebenzisi kunye nabanini network asebumelwaneni;
• inkonzo yenethiwekhi amaxwebhu iprojekthi imveliso engineering kunye nabasebenzi zobugcisa ngokungqinelana nemigaqo;
• kubathengi ngo-endlwini imiyalelo projekthi kweli ziko, nto ukuba zonke iimfuno ezizodwa zobugcisa;
• kwezinye iimeko, imithetho Russian ekwakhiweni sophuhliso lwedolophu uqhagamshelwano luyapheliswa iiprojekthi;
• amaqela ukuzalisekisa imiqathango yesivumelwano xhulumaniso;
• ulungiselelo lwenethiwekhi ulawulo umnini kukubulawa TU nkonzo;
• zomthetho kunye noosomashishini esebenza ngesifo sephepha ngamandla ezingaphezu kwe-100 kW kunye nabantu kunye index olufanayo ngaphezulu kwe-15 kW, ukuba ukuhlolwa olusisinyanzelo Ufakelo zombane phambi RTN;
• emva kokuhlola udibaniso womsebenzisi womnatha kwabaqeshwa ukuveza umsebenzisi kunye nezinto zombane actual.

Ucuphe ixesha, nto leyo yenzelwa ngokunxulumene kwiinethiwekhi amandla

Kwisakhiwo uxhulumaniso okwexeshana umnini kangangexesha elingekho ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezintandathu, ukuba kumgama imigca amandla avela indawo yokusebenzisa kwi-300 m, ixesha ukubaleka iintsuku ezili-15 zomsebenzi. zomthetho kunye mveliso, efuna kuba amandla alo lomsebenzi ayikho ngaphezu kwe-100 kW kunye nabantu ukudibanisa uthungelwano ombane ukuya ku-20 kW, silindele sokudityaniswa iinyanga ezintandathu, ukuba umthombo wamandla ise esixekweni akukho ngaphezu kwe-300 m, kwidolophana - 500 m.

Phambi kokuba unyaka yenziwa uxhulumaniso ukuya amaziko amandla igridi kunye umthamo ongekho ngaphezu kwe-750 kW. Ukuba abathengi kufuna uxhulumaniso ekhawulezayo, ixesha kwemilinganiselo emiselwe kwimvumelwano phakathi umnini lwesakhiwo kunye nothungelwano yolawulo. Ngaphezu kweminyaka emibini zemveliso ukuqhagamshela izixhobo ezifunekayo yombane ngentla 750 kW. Imihla kungenziwa kolulwa ngesivumelwano zamaqela ukuya kwiminyaka-4, kodwa kwakhona.

Ukhetho yentlangano womnatha

Kufutshane kummandla iqumrhu loshishino inokufunyanwa ezimbalwa iintambo zombane, iingcingo intambo, izitishana sombane, nto leyo kuyamanyaniswa. Ukuqalisa, umsebenzisi igqiba indlela umbutho kufuneka asebenze, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• ilungiselelo unikezelo Umgama ephuma kwisamkeli;
• inqanaba ombane abadlulayo uthungelwano ezikufuphi.

Umgama ukusuka kwindawo umda sichazwa ngelayini ngqo kwipropati elikufutshane into okanye womnatha yombane. imithetho uqhagamshelo Grid ukulungiselela ukuba umsebenzisi kanga izixhobo ukuya iigridi ngamandla iklasi ukuba elibekiweyo kwisicelo. Ukuba umnini ufuna ukudibanisa site imveliso ukuya imigca amandla aphezulu, ukuba balinde umsebenzi eninzi kwisixhobo phantsi sikagesi.

Ukuba nabanini babucala kufuphi imida bayalingana ngakumbi ngokubhekiselele imigca uxhulumaniso, isicelo uxhulumaniso zeteknoloji ephunyezwa ngayo nawuphi na omnye wemibutho network. Abanakho closer kwe-300 m ukusuka isahlulo unikezelo lwamandla ilungelo umsebenzisi ukuba basebenzisane kunye nawuphi na umnini ekufuphi.

Ukuphendula kwisicelo yayo kwiintsuku ezili-15 umnini umthombo uxhulumaniso iyalela abaxumi enxulumene amandla leyo kumiselwa kuluhlu-100 ukuya ku-750 kW, basayine imvumelwano ngesandla sakhe kunye neenkcukacha ezifunekayo. Ukuba umnini-umqhubi sekeriweke ulwazi kwindawo okanye engekho amaxwebhu ayimfuneko zonke isicelo, abanini womnatha zaziswe loo nto aze achaze uluhlu amaphepha ezifunekayo.

Imithetho kwesicelo sokubhaliswa

Isicelo Uyamano igridi amandla senziwe zinedyuplikhethi kwaye imeyile idilesi umbutho wothungelwano ngeleta ebhalisiweyo kunye nesaziso ukubuya. Emvulophini wongezwa kuludwe - i-inventri yazo zonke iimpepha ezithunyelwa. Kwingxelo, abathengi abo ukudibanisa umbane ukusetyenziswa yasekhaya (hayi ngaphezulu kwe-15 kW), olu lwazi lulandelayo:

• idilesi kunye nendawo awayehlala-sicelo;
• igama kunye nedilesi belizwe, izindlu, izakhiwo ukuba bakulungele uqhagamshelo;
• Imigaqo ukuphunyezwa kweeprojekthi kunye nokuphatha wonke umsebenzi ngamandla ukufumana izixhobo kunye nexesha lokuba inyathelo ngalinye;
• bobungakanani ubuninzi amandla afunekayo, awothi indibaniselwano yobugcisa umthwalo amandla nomqondo.

Ukusetyenziswa abantu zomthetho kunye noosomashishini

Isicelo uqhagamshelwano lombane lwe zomthetho okanye oosomashishini, inqanaba yokuvelisa zifuna amandla ukuya ku-100 kW, iqulethe iingongoma ezine ezongezelelweyo iinkcukacha kuludwe ngasentla ulwazi:

• igama lenkampani kunye nedilesi yomnini kwamaziko emveliso, zomthetho zibonisa inani kwirejista, oosomashishini ngamnye - ngenani EGRIP kwaye ixesha kwizakhiwo zayo kwirejista, abemi ebonakalayo ibonisa ifani, igama lokuqala, igama oluphakathi kunye data evela ipaspoti;
• distribution amandla kuzo zonke umgcelele zokugunyazisa ucacise udidi kukuthembeka kuphela zonke izixhobo zombane amandla kunye nezixhobo;
• Ngenxa umthwalo zamandla kwixesha elizayo kunye ebonisa umsebenzi yoqoqosho ecwangcisiweyo;
• umnini izindululo onxulumene nokuziphatha neentlawulo ngemali kunye nemiqathango zentlawulo izavenge kumbutho wabo womnatha msebenzi.

Zamaxwebhu esicelo

Kunyanzelekile ukuba zonke iindidi zabasebenzisi benza amaphepha nkcukacha zilandelayo:

• umzobo okanye izixhobo udandalaziso umfanekiso yezitshixo oludityaniswe umthombo wamandla;
• inethiwekhi yomgudu na abasebenzisi abucala, nge apho udibaniso olunamandla lombane nothungelwano;
• kwaye uluhlu iziphawuli zobugcisa zonke izixhobo ezinokuthi izakubanodibaniso kwizixhobo yolawulo yonxunguphalo;
• Iikopi zamaphepha, eqinisekisa ilungelo lobunini kwipropati okanye esinye isiseko esisemthethweni izinto yabathengi;
• ukuba, kunokuba umnini uxhulumaniso ibandakanyeka komnye umntu, amandla egqwetha baziqhelanise phambi kokuba ummeli umthengi.

Inkqubo Ukuphela kwesivumelwano

Utyikitye isivumelwano ngomoya omnye ukudibanisa ulawulo womnatha phambili umboleki kwiintsuku ezili-15 emva kokufumana isicelo sokuba ukulawula. substantiation kwezobugcisa kunye neemeko kweli xesha zithunyelwa amaqumrhu asemthethweni kunye noosomashishini, amandla uqhagamshelwano kukuba ukuya ku-100 kW, okanye amaqumrhu komzimba ezinento ukuba uthungelwano ombane ukuya ku-15 kW (ukutyiwa zasekhaya).

Xa kufikwa kwezinye abathengi musa kuwa phantsi le nkcazelo, amaxwebhu zobugcisa wathuma kubo kwiintsuku ezingama-30 ukususela kumhla wokufakwa kwesicelo. Ukwamkela iimeko kwaye isivumelwano, umenzi-sicelo ukufunda amaxwebhu kunye, kwimeko isivumelwano nabo, atyikitye isivumelwano, waza wathumela iphepha kwi ikopi enye kumnini network ofisi, kwaye amagqabi yena ukhetho yesibini.

Ukuba elizayo umsebenzisi akavumelani amagatya ezithile lesivumelwano, okanye ekholelwa ayithethi ukuthobela, ngoko ke unelungelo lokuba ukuthumela kwidilesi lombutho igwetyelwe ukwala atyikitye isivumelwano kufunwe indawo echanekileyo ngokungqinelana nomthetho. Ukwenzela ukuphepha ingxabano maxwebhu ziya kuthunyelwa ngeposi ebhalisiweyo kunye isamkelo sokubuyisa eceliweyo.

ulawulo Network unyanzelekile ukuba ringetaka ku dyondza iphepha eveliswe, kwaye ukunika impendulo kumboleki zingadlulanga iintsuku ezi-5 zokufunyanwa ileta yokuxolelwa. Kuba kokusayina isivumelwano okanye ukwaliwa akhutheleyo umboleki anikwe nethuba lenyanga enye. Ukuba emva akuyi kuba naliphi na inyathelo eli xesha kuye, isicelo uqhagamshelwano luyapheliswa.

Amanqaku abalulekileyo yesivumelwano

Nasiphi na isivumelwano ibandakanya le miqathango ilandelayo, leyo zibalulekile indibaniselwano:

• uluhlu lwemisebenzi ukuba wenziwe, ukuba wenziwe uxhulumaniso zobugcisa kwezixhobo amandla;
• ukuzibophelela macala omabini ukuphumeza isivumelwano;
• osikelwe kwisigaba ngasinye uqhagamshelo inkqubo;
• ukuqinisekisa uxanduva xa zokugxojwa umba ngamnye isivumelwano, esekwe ngokungqinelana nomthetho;
• kubonisa umlinganiselo uxanduva zokusebenza amaqela kunye nokulinganisa kwemida yepropati oqhuba network umbane;
• intlawulo yoqhagamshelo zeteknoloji ngokungqinelana nemithetho;
• umyalelo zentlawulo ngomsebenzi wabo, yaye indlela yokosulela wezezimali.

Ulawulo lombutho womnatha akakwazi nyanzela umsebenzisi ukwenza iintshukumo engakhankanywanga kule iimeko uxhulumaniso zobugcisa. Le nkampani akanako efuna ukuba umboleki sisayine imvumelwano kunye namaqela angaphandle, umzekelo, kunye nemibutho ukuphuhlisa le projekthi, kunye beqonga ekufakelweni kwezakhiwo kunye nothungelwano, kunye nabanye. ISivumelwano yokuxhulumana kunye nolawulo womnatha uqalisa ukusebenza ngaloo mhla wokufunyanwa wayo, esayinwe nkonzo.

Intlawulo uqhagamshelo kwinethiwekhi

Kuba lwababhalisi ezidibene kwinethiwekhi enesakhono ukuya ku-15 kW ngokusekelwe izixhobo sele ezikhoyo, iindleko into engange 550 kilowatt ngalinye amandla, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba udibaniso. substantiation kwezobugcisa kunye nokubalulwa ziqukiwe kwixabiso. Ixabiso ngokujoyina izinto zamashishini amakhulu kunye naphakathi axhome kakhulu.

Abemi abangamalungu imibutho engajonge ngeniso, ubonelelo ngombane lwenziwa kwi counter kunye lilonke kubalwa phinda inani lamalungu abasebenzi kunye mali ka-550 engange, ngokuxhomekeka ukuba ngamnye kubo kudla hayi ngaphezulu kwe-15 kW.

Ezi ndidi eziseleyo abasebenzisi uhlawulele uxhulumaniso amazinga asetwe kulawulo lweenqila ubungakanani ulawulo lwemo amaxabiso. ukuze umrhumo ubalwe ngokusekelwe iirhafu standardised ukwakhiwa izityalo amandla okanye iirhafu okufana xhulumaniso. uqhagamshelo Process ngamazinga umgangatho ibonisa ukuba umbutho wothungelwano elindele ukuhlawula usebenzisa RECOM irhafu yabucala zombane ezivunyiweyo.

Umxumi unelungelo lokuba ukwakha uthungelwano nemeko ukuba zonke iimfuno zobugcisa, xa iqwalasela ukuba olu khetho ngcono kuye. Kule meko usiwa kwibhodi kuphela ulwazi ifuna uqhagamshelwano amandla igridi wenza isenzo umbutho womnatha kunye akukho mabango kulo mba.

uqhagamshelo nakuluphi kwiinethiwekhi zombane

Abanye abathengi abanganyanisekanga oxhulumene kwi zamandla ombane, ukuyisebenzisa ngenxa yenzuzo okanye ukusetyenziswa ekhaya, ngaphandle ekuhlawuleni iindleko yokusebenzisa yangoku. Kuba ukugxojwa ngabom umthetho enikwa ngezohlwayo eziqatha.

Kuba ukusetyenziswa kombane ukuze afumane inzuzo kwi izohlwayo zemali counter esa, ezo ibalwe ngokwahlukeneyo umoni ngamnye ngamnye. Uxokonyezelwe ngokungekho mthethweni grid limiselwa ifomula, kubahlali ezisisiseko eziquka ixesha kunye nomthamo umgca uqhagamshelo abakwindawo udibaniso. Lo mthetho ubalo isebenza ngokufanayo ukuba isakhiwo multi-esinemigangatho kwicandelo labucala. Ukumisela imali isohlwayo yenzelwa:

• yi amazinga ngumsebenzisi kweli qela kwaye ngokungqinelana iklasi ombane;
• athathwe ebalwa ukusetyenziswa ngemihla kombane kwindawo kunikwa;
• Oku kucingwa ukuba inani leentsuku apho ukuhlukunyezwa kwenzeka ukusetyenziswa kombane.

uqhagamshelwano lombane endlwini evela isithuba

Imiba ugesi kwakuquka, ngokulandelelanayo, umnatha yokukhupha iimvume ezizodwa uqhagamshelwano elizimeleyo ukuya umthombo wamandla ombane, bona ngokwabo ukuvelisa tie ezinjalo. To connect umbane kulwakhiwo yokuhlala isicelo semvume ukuqhagamshelana kunye nokusetyenziswa ungakubhabhisa nombane ngokwemigaqo ezinikezelwe yinkampani.

Emva kokufumana imvume, ungakwazi ukudibanisa umbane endlwini ngezandla zakhe. Akumthathi xesha lide, kodwa ndivumele kuqala, kufuneka wenze isigqibo ukuba usebenzise indlela ikheyibhile ukudibanisa amakhaya kwi-mbane:

• Ndibeka emoyeni;
• kweentambo ngendlela efihliwe (ngaphantsi).

Ngokusebenzisa kumhlathi ikhutshwa phandle aphephe moya. Yeyona ndlela lixhaphakileyo UPawulos umbane ukuya endlwini, wenza encediswa USB zokunqunyanyiswa cable okanye kusetyenziswa intambo vehicles. icandelo ngesandla ukuba intambo elula kufuneka iqhotyoshelwe metal eziqinileyo wire icandelo hayi ngaphantsi kwe-3 mm usebenzisa yamasango entengo.

intambo Ready vehicles i intambo eriyeli izikhwebu, nto leyo ubunjwe ababhexeshi ngombane conductive, ukugcina ubushushu, kwaye ibekwe ngaphakathi intambo, nto leyo enika intambo amandla efunekayo nxamnye zemimoya umoya no qweqwe ebusika. Kuba zabucala ukusetyenziswa abangamatsha-SIP 4 intambo, apho kwiindawana ezenziwe aluminiyam okanye ngentsimbi. choice Cable wenziwa kuxhomekeke ingaba, kungakanani na iintambo nendlela kuya kuchaphazela imeko yemali nkonzo.

Kuba ilungisa ngcingo usebenzisa umboniso ekhethekileyo kuhlobo iiankile ekufakwe omnye engundoqo nganye. Air eyayizalwa ukwenza usebenzisa izikhonkwane lohlobo noogxa. Ukubiyelwa igqithiselwa kwi eludongeni kwityhubhu, uze uqhagamshele kwi imitha. Ukuba ngaphandle kwendlu icetyelwe ukuba zifake somfanekiso, Ingweletshetshe kwenziwa ukuba ikhuselekile.

Xa ndiqukumbela, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba zonke imithetho nemimiselo, oluqhutywa uxhulumaniso zobugcisa kwezixhobo amandla zichazwa amaxwebhu isniphu, sikhokelwa leyo, umsebenzisi akanokukwazi ngokulula ukwenza sokudityaniswa indlela column umoya. Emva kokuhlola umsebenzi wombutho ukulawula, a elihambelana isiqinisekiso ukwamkeleka, kwaye uqhagamshelwano lombane ukuba isakhiwo sezindlu ingqalelo epheleleyo.