Ukudalwa amathe kwabantu

Amathe yi ulwelo transparent ukuba akukho mbala. Oku imfihlelo kwamadlala amathe abazahlulayo kwi kwisisu ngomlomo. Inika imbono ukungcamla, ukuze icacise, lubricates ehlafuna ukutya. Ukongeza, amathe iipropati antibacterial, ococa kwisisu ngomlomo, kuthintela amazinyo umonakalo. Ngenxa yobukho kuhlanganiselo netuwa kwi enqanda emlonyeni wakho kuqala ukwetyisa carbohydrate. Eli nqaku liza kuthetha isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi amathe kwabantu.

Iimpawu kwamadlala amathe

Ezi luqinisekisa akhiwe kwinxalenye Icipande phecana wokudla, ube indima ekuboneleleni karhulumente ezilungileyo kwisisu yomlomo kwabantu inxaxheba ngqo kwinkqubo ekugayeni. Kwamadlala amathe amayeza lungohlulwa lube ezincinane nezinkulu. I yangaphambili ziquka buccal, izinyo, labial, zeelwimi, palatal, kodwa banomdla kakhulu kwamadlala ezinkulu amathe, ngokuba amathe ikakhulu ezisetyenziswa kuzo.

La maqumrhu ziquka sublingual secretion, submandibular, ingaba parotid. Okokuqala, njengokuba igama lixela, ukuba ibekwe ngesondo sublingual phantsi isifo ngomlomo. Submandibular ezantsi kwemihlathi. Eyona inkulu ke namadlala parotid, eliquka isithinzi eziliqela.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Ezincinane ezinkulu kwamadlala amathe musa cell amathe ngqo, zenza mfihlelo, kwaye amathe kwakhiwa xa le mfihlelo em- zomlomo kugalelwe nezinye izinto.

kuqamba ezinto

Amathe inqanaba pH 5.6 ukuya 7.6 kwaye iquka 98,5 ekhulwini amanzi, kwaye iqulathe umkhondo izinto, iityuwa ye asidi ezahlukeneyo, iyatshi- zesinyithi kwealkali, iivithamini, lysozyme kunye nezinye enzymes. into Organic esisiseko kwi ekwakhiweni - proteins ezithi kuhlelwe kwi kwamadlala amathe. Inxalenye kwiproteni na imvelaphi serum.

enzyme

Kuzo zonke izinto ezakha ngamathe yabantu, inzala ezona enzymes. Oku izinto eziphilayo ukuba imvelaphi proteinaceous, ezo eqalisiweyo iiseli zomzimba nokukhawulezisa inkqubo yemichiza ezenzeka kulo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba enzyme nga endleka naluphi na utshintsho imichiza, bakhonza njenge uhlobo kuvala, kodwa kwangaxeshanye baligcine ukwakhiwa kwawo kunye nesakhiwo ngokupheleleyo.

Ziziphi enzyme zibandakanywa yokwakheka amathe? Eyona kubo - oko maltase, amylase, ptyalin, peroxidase, oxidase kunye nezinye izinto protein. Baye imisebenzi ebalulekileyo: ukukhuthaza yokunyibilika ukutya, ukuvelisa inkqubo yayo imichiza ekuqaleni, ibe bolus ezizodwa kunye nezinto yangaphakathi - mucin - lisibekele kuye. Ukuze ukubeka nje, enzayim bayinxalenye amathe, yokuginya ukutya lula sicatshulwa yalo esiswini ngenxa emphinjeni. Kufuneka ukhumbule enye into: ukutya ehlafuna abaqhelekileyo kwi ngomlomo kuphela imizuzwana amabini ukuya kumashumi amathathu, yaye emva koko kuya esiswini, enzayim amathe kodwa emva koku kwaqhubeka yokuba nempembelelo kwi bolus.

Ngokutsho kwizifundo zenzululwazi, abangama enqanda ukuthobela ukutya malunga namashumi amathathu emizuzu, kude kube mzuzu xa uqalisa ukwakha incindi esiswini.

Ezinye izinto kuhlanganiselo

Uninzi lwabantu ngamathe babe buhlungu ezisegazini iqela-ngqo ezihambelana awakwazi igazi. Kwakhona, wawuqhutywa iiproteni ezithile - phosphoprotein inxaxheba neplaque zamazinyo kunye ukubola, kunye salivoprotein igalelo isimemezelo ngendibaniso amazinyo fosforokaltsievyh.

imali encinane amathe ziquka cholesterol kunye esters zayo, glycerophospholipids, acids ezamahala okunamafutha, iihomoni (estrogen, dlala, cortisol, testosterone), kunye iivithamini ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinye izinto. Izimbiwa ezi anions chloride, bicarbonates, iodides, phosphate, bromides, Imichiza, iyatshi- isodiyam, nemagnesium, intsimbi, potassium, calcium, kwiteksti, ubhedu kunye nabanye. Amathe, ilele kwaye ukuthambisa ukutya, iqinisekisa lokusekwa bolus kwaye yenza lula inkqubo ligwinya. Ukutya emva ukumitha ufakwa unyango efihlakeleyo lokuqala chemical sele emlonyeni, apho carbohydrate α-amylase, ngokomkhethe hydrolyzed ibe maltose kunye dextrins.

imisebenzi

Sele Wababela kunye nemisebenzi amathe, kodwa ngoku makhe sithethe ngazo ngokweenkcukacha ezingakumbi. Ngoko ke ndlala iphuhlise imfihlelo, idityaniswe nezinye izinto kunye namathe kwakhiwa. Kwenzeka ntoni emva koko? Amathe uqala ukulungiselela ukutya ukugaywa elandelayo kwi duodenum kunye nesisu. Ngenxa yoko, enzyme ngokumanywa ukuba ukwakhiwa amathe, oko ibalekisa le nkqubo izihlandlo eziliqela, lwahlukane ibe amacandelo ezincinane (monosaccharides, maltose), amacandelo athile imveliso (polysaccharides, iiprotheni, carbohydrate).

Ngethuba lokwenza uphando kufunyaniswe ukuba, ngaphandle yokunyibilika ukutya amathe yabantu neminye imisebenzi ebalulekileyo. Ngoko, kuba ucoca isifo yomlomo kunye amazinyo ezincinane yayintsholongwane eyosulela kunye nemveliso yazo metabolic. Zothintelo indima nokuba immunoglobulins kunye lysozyme ifakiwe ukwakhiwa zengqo- mathe. Ngenxa yoko, umsebenzi secretory le isifo somlomo yinto humidified, kwaye zikwimeko kuyimfuneko sothutho endlela-mbini kwemichiza phakathi ngamathe kunye isifo ngomlomo.

ukuhla nokunyuka yokwakheka

Iimpawu kunye nokwakheka lwemichiza utshintsho amathe ngokuvumelana isantya kunye nohlobo secretion lwe gciwane. Umzekelo, xa usebenzisa kakhulu, iibhiskithi, zincancise ukwanda okwethutyana kunye namanqanaba glucose amathe mixed. Ngexesha ukukhuthazwa amathe secretion sodium yoxinaniso kwandisa kakhulu, bicarbonates, kuyehla iodine potassium. Ukwakhiwa amathe abantu abatshaya kuquka amaxesha thiocyanates eziliqela enkulu xa kuthelekiswa wecuba.

Umxholo kwezinto ezahlukeneyo kuyahlukahlukana phantsi kweemeko ezithile zophendlo lwezifo kunye nezifo. Khemikhali Ukubunjwa amathe ivavanywa ukuhla yemihla ngemihla, kwaye kuxhomekeke kubudala, umz, xa abadala inyuswe kumanqanaba calcium kakhulu. Utshintsho kunokuba kunxulumene ukunxila kunye nolawulo neziyobisi. Ngoko ke, kukho ukwehla okukhulu izinkcwe ngexesha emzimbeni; e seswekile kwandisa isixa glucose; kwimeko uremia kwandisa umxholo -nitrogen intsalela. Xa utshintsha isimo amathe, umngcipheko kwezifo zamazinyo kunye esiswini.

secretion

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngosuku kuba umntu omdala zabelwe iilitha ezimbini amathe, izinga secretion lazo; ngexesha ukulala minimal (min - ngaphantsi kwe-0.05 milliliter) phantsi uphaphama - malunga 0.5 ngeemililitha ngomzuzu, xa kwavusa izinkcwe - ngomzuzu ukuze malunga 2.3 ngeemililitha. Secret ezabelwe nobubovu nganye, entle emlonyeni kwi into enye. fluid yomlomo (namathe okanye mixed) luphawulwa bubukho microflora esisigxina, equka iintsholongwane, spirochetes, umngundo kunye nemveliso yazo pathways, ngokunjalo iiseli amathe (leukocytes ukuba bafudukela kwisisu ngomlomo ingakumbi intlaka) kwaye kwehlisa iiseli epithelial. Ukubunjwa amathe, ukongeza, bahlukane nakumarhanana, yencindi, erythrocytes.

iimpawu izinkcwe

Izinkcwe ilawulwa yi-nkqubo yawo luvo. amaziko alo kwi Oblongata Medulla. Phezu ukukhuthazwa neziphelo parasympathetic ngemithamo ezinkulu amathe kokuba umxholo protein eliphantsi. Kwelinye icala, ukuvuselela onovelwano ibandakanya secretion nje encinci ulwelo viscous.

Izinkcwe liyancipha ngenxa yokoyika, ntshikilelo, emzimbeni, oko phantse ime xa umntu ilele. ngokwahlukana yokukhulisa kwenzeka phantsi inyathelo incasa kunye zizinto ukuqgiba kwaye ngenxa yokulola ngomatshini eziveliswa amasuntswana ezinkulu ngexesha ukuhlafuna ukutya.