Ukubeka esweni ukungcoliseka komhlaba. Types of ukungcoliseka komhlaba

Okwangoku, ingqalelo kakhulu ihlawulwe nemiba yokusingqongileyo. Abantu ngamanye amaxesha uyovuna kwaye ngenkohlakalo xhaphaza umhlaba wabo engaqondanga oko kwenzeka imiphumo intsebenziswano enjalo. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, ungcoliseko lomoya, umhlaba kunye namanzi kwezinye iindawo Umhlaba ufikelela ixabiso kakhulu. Kwi Zeziphi iindlela ukuchonga neqondo anthropogenic kokusingqongileyo ukuthotywa, kwakunye nefuthe imilinganiselo ejoliswe kakhulu oluzinzileyo eyiyo sasilungiswa meko, kwaye kuya kuxoxwa ngazo kule ilandelayo ezibonakalayo.

iinkcazelo esisiseko

Ungcoliseko Ecosystem njengenye yeenketho ukuba ukuthotywa kwayo. Kulo mba, kukho ukutshatyalaliswa eminyaka ezisekiweyo amatsheyini okutya kunye nobudlelwane, kwakunye yokuduka iintlobo ezininzi enezityalo nezilwanyana. Xa indima ukungcola, ke, kukho imichiza ezahlukeneyo imvelaphi anthropogenic. Bona luphawulwa mali ekhutshelwa kwi-bume, ubukhulu becala ngaphezu amanqanaba eliphezulu ngokuvunywe, apho kwindalo ukuyirisayiklisha umonakalo enkulu ngokwayo kunye nabemi bayo.

ukungcoliseka komhlaba

Olu uhlobo olulodwa ukuthotywa anthropogenic kwendalo. Uphawu olungundoqo nefuthe elibi hlobo okusingqongileyo kuhlolwa ngokunxulumene kwinqanaba ongasemva ukwenzela kummandla othile. Ngenxa yoko, a esweni ngamaxesha iyilwe zomhlaba olwenziwe ukuchonga ipesenti yeekhemikhali eziyingozi kunye nemixube.

iinkalo ezibalulekileyo

Enye indlela ebalulekileyo, nto leyo luphawulwa uvavanyo iqondo ukungcoliseka komhlaba, kungathathwa kubonisa zonke iintlobo iimpawu nefuthe elibi kwezinto ezinobungozi kwiindidi ngamnye eziphilayo. Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ngamnye enezityalo nezilwanyana ummeli uba umlinganiselo eyahlukileyo susceptibility okanye uxhathiso ebizwa ngokuba ifuthe iikhompawundi chemical. Ingozi ivunyiwe into yokuba elijikelezileyo oluntu kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo izinto zendalo engqongileyo badla ligcwale ezithile eziyingozi izinto. Nevuthisayo ngexesha ke, kuza evela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo anthropogenic kukho isoyikiso kakhulu ebalulekileyo yokusingqongileyo. Kulo mzekelo, imida ephezulu le kwisiqulatho ezi khemikhali uphezulu kangangokuba sinokuphulukana nantoni eziphilayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba mnyango.

Apho livela wosulelekile?

Okwangoku, esweni ukungcoliseka komhlaba chonga iindidi eziliqela enkulu, nto leyo ekhokelele ukuvuthuluka ebona le lithosfere komhlaba wethu. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba nzima iqokobhe Earth, apho thina imihla senza eninzi intshukumo yinkqubo ethile. Kuthatha isixa esikhulu lweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, bemvelo, iikhemikhali kunye emzimbeni. Noko ke, xa imiphumela emibi kwezinye izinto anthropogenic, zonke ezi nkqubo zihlala baphazamiseka. Ngenxa yoko, uvavanyo nobungakanani ukungcoliseka komhlaba wabonisa ukuba imeko lithosfere koMhlaba kuxhomekeke kakhulu iimeko zendalo emoyeni istili, kunye nesakhiwo imithombo yamanzi. Ngapha koko, loo nto apho umhlaba ufumana inani elikhulu lwenkunkuma zolimo, mveliso kunye zasekhaya. Ukongeza, esweni ukungcoliseka komhlaba luveze ukuba uninzi amaninzi izinto njengeyingozi ukuba beze negalelo elibi, zezona isinyithi, kwakunye iikhompawundi ezahlukeneyo, izichumisi (kubandakanywa zinambuzane), kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo eqhumayo.

The main imithombo

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, omninzi ezingcolisayo angene okusingqongileyo ngenxa yemisebenzi yoqoqosho kwamashishini mveliso, kwicandelo lezolimo, yaye umsebenzi nendlu lomntu ngamnye. Noko ke, kufuneka uqale uqonde ngakumbi ngqo njani, ukusuka apho kwaye kangakanani na ukwenza le okanye ezinye izinto.

izindlu zokuhlala

Yonke imihla ngamnye kuthi engaqondanga bavelise kilograms ezimbalwa ukungcola. Mhlawumbi la manani nto ezoyikekayo ukuze. Kwaye ukuba uthatha imali iyonke ixesha elithile? Ngokomzekelo, iveki, inyanga, unyaka? Kuba ixesha olunzulu loo kwexesha, ixabiso echazwe ngasentla-ikhula ukuya kwiitoni eziliqela. Ayizizo zonke ingumasipala unako ukumelana yokufika doti. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba olu didi lubandakanya kuphela ulwakhiwo kunye inkunkuma yasekhaya, kodwa izinto zasekhaya ukuba aphume ukuze, endleni njalo njalo.

iinkampani industrial

Nangona isabelo ebonakalayo lwezindlu kunye neenkonzo zoluntu kwi umba we ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo, imveliso enkulu kuyaqhubeka ukuba luthathe indawo yokuqala. Ukubeka esweni lomhlaba kunye nongcoliseko umhlaba ubonisa ukuba inkunkuma yorhwebo ineyona pesenti iphezulu izinto eziyityhefu kunye nemixube abakwaziyo ukunika impembelelo engathandekiyo kwimithombo yendalo, ngokunjalo izinto ezininzi eziphilayo namandla ngokwaneleyo.

energetics

Kubonakala engaqhelekanga, kodwa kungcoliseko ntlobo zemihlaba yaye ziquka igatya enjalo. Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, ukufumana umbane nobushushu ziphakathi ephambili karhulumente ngamnye. Noko ke, iindlela zemveli yemveliso yombane kudidi kudidi kwamashishini ekuthiwa-mdaka kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, xa izityalo ngamandla obushushu, nto leyo ziveliswa iinzuzo ezichazwe ngentla-impucuko, yokutsha yenzelwa izimbiwa. Oku kukhokelela ezininzi iimveliso icala ezifana uthuthu lweziko, oxides sulphur kunye nezinye izinto, kwakunye ukukhutshwa amasuntswana unburnt entle kwisithuba emoyeni ze loo mhlaba. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, esweni ukungcoliseka komhlaba ibhaqa zonke ezi zihlanganisi emhlabeni.

ezolimo

Le yeyona nto elandelayo kuluhlu "Types of ukungcoliseka komhlaba." Phakathi izinto ezinobungozi abhalisela okusingqongileyo esebenzisa kwicandelo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu ngokwemveli ziquka nezichumiso, izinambuzane, kunye nezinye izinto. Kakade ke, ukuba zisetyenziswa kunye neenjongo ezintle, umzekelo, ukukhusela enezityalo zezolimo kunye nezilwanyana kwizifo kunye nezinambuzane. Noko ke, kukho esweni mihla izinambuzane kungcoliseko kwimihlaba ibonisa ukuba imiphumela emibi kweziganeko olunjalo ngaphezu okulungileyo. Ngoko ke, imigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe kwamazwe amaninzi aphuhlileyo ijolise ekujonganeni le meko. Ngoko ke, iliso ungcoliseko lomhlaba kwezolimo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo nengxam zokulondoloza iimeko zivuma zokusingqongileyo.

zokuhamba

Okwangoku, kukho inxalenye enkulu zezithuthi hlomela kunye iinjini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi. Kodwa "abathengisi" inani elikhulu iikhompawundi ezahlukeneyo enganobungozi kwaye yityhefu bume. Ngokomzekelo, iliso ukungcoliseka komhlaba inika ulwazi ilandelayo: iindlela ezinkulu kwiindawo umxholo olongeziweyo oxide ekhokelayo, initrogen, kunye hydrocarbon kunye nezinye izinto, nto leyo kuvela ngenxa injini yokutsha lwangaphakathi. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngonyaka ezinye iitoni iikhompawundi ezinobungozi zanikwa emoyeni kuphela yeegesi exhaust kwezithuthi. Kwaye ngoko edla phezu komhlaba. Ngenxa yoko, kwebandla heavy metal esweni lomhlaba yenza yesazisi ngexesha kwiindawo kakhulu eziyingozi kwaye ukuthatha amanyathelo ubuninzi ukulondoloza okusingqongileyo eziphilayo.

ubunzima ezongezelelweyo

Ekubeni izithuthi uxhulumanisa enye enkulu ingxaki yokusingqongileyo. Angala ngozi kwi zidlula, imibhobho nezinye iindlela nangoncedo amafutha feedstock kwisiza processing. Ezo zifundo ababandakanyekayo esweni wokuchitheka kwe zongcoliseko nomhlaba hydrocarbon. Kuya ngeso elibukhali kwiindawo gesi kunye nokuqhutywa oyile kunye neemveliso zayo. Njengoko kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo kukho umngcipheko salinization kwimihlaba ezingcolisekileyo kunye nesinyithi enzima kunye neminye imiphumo emibi ukuba nefuthe ngokungalunganga kokusingqongileyo. Noko ke, yonke imihla, ngamnye wethu engaqondanga ukumlimaza indalo. Oku kusenzeka yonke iikhompawundi ezaziwayo, ezifana idizili, ipetroli, iparafini, i-oyile amafutha kunye nezinye iimveliso afunyenwe nokusulungekiswa. iliso Ungcoliseko lomhlaba, njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, ijolise ekuchongeni iinkalo ingakumbi ezibalulekileyo kunye nokubuyiselwa iimeko efanelekileyo yendalo esingqongileyo.

Ukubeka esweni lesigidi kungcoliseko zemihlaba

Vyshepredstavlennoe udaba imbonakalo yayo lithosfere koMhlaba linyanzelekile izicokisi umsebenzi yezoqoqosho, kwiiplanti zeekhemikali amatye okusila kushishino ahle and non-ayoni. Ukongeza, ukugxagxiseka umhlaba (enzima ukungcoliseka metal) ngenxa eziliqela nezinye izizathu. Kwabo ngokwemveli zibandakanya izixhobo umlinganiselo sinesiphene (umz, kwiithemometha), amacandelo ahlukeneyo inkunkuma kamasipala. Kakade ke, ipesenti ethile mercury engena cover umhlaba ngenxa kwezolimo, oko kukuthi ukusetyenziswa kwezichumiso ezahlukeneyo. Noko ke, igama ngaphambili element, njengezinye izinyithi enzima, ine- inkalo ebalulekileyo. Ihlala yokuba kwezinye, izixa lincinane iikhompawundi yendalo ziluncedo kwaye kuyimfuneko ukuze eqhelekileyo yokusebenza eziphilayo. Noko ke, xa kunene iinqobo kugcwala ipesenti, nithi, emzimbeni yabantu ngaphezu enzima kunokubangela iziphumo ezibi kakhulu. Ukuqalisa evela excitability wobulali memory ngumonakalo kunye nesiphelo kunye nenkqubo luvo, ukusilela ukusebenza kwezinye enyama yangaphakathi, kwaye kwiimeko obunzima ebulalayo.

isiphelo

Njengoko ngaphambili zikhankanywe apha ngasentla, umhlaba cover komhlaba ngendlela entsonkothileyo yendalo ukuyilwa enefuthe ethile iseti beepropati semvelo zezinto zombini ziyaphila kunye ezingaphiliyo. Oku kuqatshelwe ukuba zonke ungqameko le lithosfere kwakheka ngenxa yeenkqubo yotshintsho lwexesha elide olwenzeke kunye intsebenziswano ngqo kunye namanye amacandelo iqokobhe planethi. Ezifana kwehayidrosfere, umoya kunye, Kakade ke, umhlaba onokuphila. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kukwabalulekile ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba ukhuselo lomhlaba le nto ezinzile trudnoizmenyaemuyu isakhiwo. Ngenxa ezi nkalo zingasentla ngayo Kucingelwa ukuba evumela esweni umhlaba kunye iqondo eliphezulu ukuchana inqanaba zingcolisi test chaza kwakunye ukubeka imida kunye zabo zone nokusasazwa. Okwangoku, kuqikelelwa ukuba nyaka ngamnye kuphela mmi umhlaba uvelisa malunga ton zonke iintlobo inkunkuma. Ezi ziquka zombini ulwelo kunye neentlobo eqinileyo, kwaye zizonke malunga namashumi amahlanu eekhilogram unikwa isabelo izinto recalcitrant. Ngenxa yale meko lemibutho imicimbi inxaxheba ekulondolozweni kunye nokugcinwa iimeko zivuma zokusingqongileyo, bavelise yonge uphando, ezo zibizwa ngokuba "Izilawuli." Nabo ke, ukuba isisho yenkqubo karhulumente ngokubanzi, kwakunye oomahluko ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba ligubungela ummandla ethile phantsi kwempembelelo imiba eyahlukeneyo. Njengoko lo wokugqibela inokufana eyenziwe ngumntu, eyenziwe ngumntu, mechanical, imichiza, bemvelo kunye nezinye izinto. Eyona njongo ephambili yolu esweni iya isiba nokuqokelela ulwazi, ucupho kunye nolwemozulu lweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo, ukuhlola ukusebenza amanyathelo athathiweyo ukukhusela ilizwe.