Ubukhulu obukhulu womkhenkce Antarctica: iimpawu kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Abaninzi lizwekazi Antarctica elikhulu, sigqunywa ngokupheleleyo ngumkhenkce. Kodwa yonke le nto ilula kakhulu. Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba Antarctica ngaphambili, malunga 52 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, wakhula ezintendeni, Baobabs, Araucaria, macadamia nezinye iintlobo zezityalo ubushushu-onothando. Emva koko kwi nemisinga yaba kwimozulu yetropiki. Namhlanje, eli lizwekazi - a polar iyintlango.

Ngaphambi kokuba abe sihlolisise umbuzo malunga Ebubanzini womkhenkce Antarctica, siya bhala ezinye iinyani ezinika umdla malunga nale lizwekazi elikude, qembu, yaye yakhe yabanda Umhlaba.

Ngubani onelungelo Antarctica?

Ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke ngqo umbuzo wokuba yintoni ubukhulu womkhenkce Antarctica, kufuneka isigqibo ngubani ongowakhe eli lizwekazi ekhethekileyo kakuhle isifundo.

Enyanisweni, yena akanayo nawuphi na urhulumente. Amazwe amaninzi ngexesha lakhe uzame ukuyiqhuba ngokwakho ubunini entlango, kude ezweni impucuko, kodwa ngoDisemba 1, 1959 satyikitywa i-Convention (wangena force on June 23, 1961), phantsi apho Antarctica asisiso naliphi na ilizwe. Ngoku nxaxheba yesivumelwano 50 ithi (amalungelo okuvota) kunye kumazwe amaninzi obukeleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ubukho kwesivumelwano akuthethi ukuba abasayinayo ukuya kuxwebhu yelizwe ashiya amabango sayo sobummandla kwilizwekazi kunye nendawo ezikufutshane.

ukukhululeka

Maninzi enkulu Antarctic ice entlango, apho, ngaphandle ikhephu ngumkhenkce, ngokupheleleyo nto. Kwaye ukuba kakhulu oku kuyinyaniso, kodwa kukho ezinye iingongoma umdla ukuqwalasela. Ngoko ke, hayi kuphela Ebubanzini womkhenkce Antarctica baphikise.

Kweli lizwekazi, kukho intlambo kakhulu olubanzi ngaphandle ngumkhenkce, kunye neendunduma nesanti. Snow kwiindawo apho, kungengenxa yokuba ezifudumeleyo, phezu koko, kukho kakhulu kwimozulu kakhulu ngaphezu kwezinye iingingqi lizwekazi.

Valley McMurdo ebonakalayo ezoyikekayo isantya katabatic umoya ifikelela 320 km ngeyure. Balala komphunga kakhulu ukufuma, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ukunqongophala kulengqele ikhephu. iimeko zokuphila zifana kakhulu Mars, ngoko i-NASA kwi ezintlanjeni McMurdo baqhuba iimvavanyo "Viking" (baxhomekeka).

Kukho e Antarctica kunye omkhulu zokhahlamba enokuthelekiseka neyamanye ubungakanani Alps. Igama it - gamburtsev uluhlu entabeni, ebizwa ngalo igama geophysicist odumileyo eSoviet academician George Gamburtseva. Ngowe-1958, ngohambo lwakhe bafumanisa kubo.

Its elide entabeni lebanga 1300 km, nobubanzi - 200 ayi-500. indawo yayo ephezulu ifikelela iimitha 3390. Eyona umdla kukuba kule ntaba enkulu ubuxoki phantsi tyubhu (nge-avareji ukuya kwiimitha 600) omkhenkce. Kukho iindawo nokuba apho umkhenkce liyajiya km 4.

Malunga sezulu

E Antarctica, kukho umahluko emangalisayo phakathi umlinganiselo wamanzi (amanzi amatsha - 70 per cent) kunye nemozulu owomileyo kakhulu. Siso eso isabelo olulophu yonke uMhlaba.

Nkqu koozintlango kakhulu ulophu kwaye eshushu umhlaba lemvula ngaphezu ezihlanjeni eyomileyo ka-Antarctica. Xa iyonke kulo nyaka yi-10 kuphela kweesentimitha imvula iwela South Pole.

Uninzi ilizwekazi igutyungelwe ngumkhenkce obungunaphakade. Yintoni na ke Ebubanzini iqhwa kwilizwekazi Antarctica, sifunda kancinane.

Phezu kwemilambo Antarctica

Omnye imilambo, anyibilike ukuvuthela amanzi ngasempumalanga yi Onyx. Uqhubeka Lake Vanda, nto leyo ifumaneka entilini ngokoma Wright. Ngokunxulumene neemeko zemozulu ziganeko Onyx uye amanzi alo iinyanga ezimbini kuphela kulo nyaka, ngethuba elifutshane Antarctic ehlotyeni.

ubude lomlambo ngumgama oziikhilomitha ezingama-40. Fish ayikho apha, kodwa iindidi ulwelwe ubomi kunye ezincane.

global warming

Antarctica elona yomhlaba ogqunywe ngumkhenkce. Apha, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, ukuba kuqwalasele 90% sobunzima womkhenkce ehlabathini. Ebubanzini avareji ngumkhenkce Antarctic nama-2133 eemitha.

Kwimeko ukunyibilika yonke iqhwa kwamanqanaba olwandle Antarctic ukuba anyuke iimitha 61. Noko ke, ngalo mzuzu ubushushu avareji kwilizwekazi ngu -37 degrees Celsius, yonke imihla akukho ingozi ziintlekele zemvelo. iindawo ezininzi kweli lizwekazi, ubushushu aliveli ngaphezulu zero.

malunga izilwanyana

zezilwanyana Antarctic imelwe iintlobo ezithile ezingenamqolo, iintaka kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo. Ngelo xesha langoku e Antarctica wafumana uhlobo kungekho ngaphantsi kwe-70 ezingenamqolo, njengendlu yentaka iintlobo ezine penguins. Ngomhla kummandla kummandla polar wafumana iintsalela iintlobo eziliqela ^dinosaur.

amabhere zaziwa ukuba akuyi kuhlala Antarctica, bahlala kwi Arctic. Uninzi ilizwekazi omiweyo yi penguins. Akunakwenzeka ukuba ezi ntlobo ehlangana lithile kwi-bume yendalo.

Le ndawo kuphela kulo mhlaba, ikhaya oonombombiya umlawuli ezizodwa ezi emide luninzi phakathi zonke izalamane zakhe. Ukongeza, kuba nguye kuphela iintlobo ezizalayo ngexesha Antarctic ebusika. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo, le iintlobo lukanombombiya Adelie ngasezantsi lelizwekazi.

Yezwe ayikho esisityebi kunene nezilwanyana, kodwa kumanzi onxweme inokufumaneka iminenga ezibulalayo, iminenga emsi, neengonyama ulwandle. Uhlala apha kwaye izinambuzane engaqhelekanga - enobukhulu, ubude ogama ngu 1.3 cm Ngenxa iimeko ezinzima umoya izinambuzane ezibhabhayo azikho kwaukubakho ..

Phakathi amathanga ezininzi lukanombombiya afumaneka springtails abamnyama, ukutsiba ngathi iintakumba. Nkqu Antarctica kuphela ilizwekazi apho akunakwenzeka ukuhlangabezana yeembovane.

cover ice Area malunga Antarctica

Ngaphambi sifumanisa ukuba yintoni na ububanzi ubuninzi womkhenkce Antarctica, cinga indawo umkhenkce ngeenxa ulwandle Antarctica. Bona zandisa kwezinye iindawo ngoxa ngokunciphisa kwabanye. Kwakhona, isizathu sokuba ezi zinguquko kamnandi.

Umzekelo, imimoya emantla eziqhutywa iibhloko enkulu womkhenkce kulwalathiso wanyamalala ngoko wokwaphusa ithe inxalenye ngumkhenkce sheet. Isiphumo ukwanda ubunzima komkhenkce ngeenxa Antarctica, kwaye isixa lomkhenkce ukuba iqhwa sheet yayo lifinyele.

Le ndawo iyonke yezwe imalunga-14 ezigidi ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Ehlotyeni, kuba singqongwe million 2.9 macala onke. km ice ebusika, le ndawo uyandiswa amaxesha malunga 2.5.

ichibi subglacial

Nangona Ebubanzini ubuninzi womkhenkce Antarctica iyakhwankqisa, kukho kweli lizwekazi lake komhlaba, apho, mhlawumbi, kakhulu, kukho ubomi ezigidi zeminyaka bavela ngokwahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo.

Xa zizonke kwakusazeka ubukho ezingaphezu kwe-140 amadama ezinjalo, elaziwa kakhulu phakathi apho echibini. East, ibekwe kude eSoviet (Russian) "Vostok" station, esalinikwayo igama kwedike. Chetyrohkilometrovaya ezinawo ice obugubungele into yendalo. Lake akuthethi ngumkhenkce ngenxa yokuba phantsi kwakhe imithombo okuvela komhlaba. Ubushushu amanzi ezinzulwini echibini imalunga +10 ° C.

Ngokutsho imibono wenzululwazi, oko kukuthi ice massif waba yokwambathisa yendalo, nto leyo yanceda ukuba alondoloze unique izinto eziphilayo izigidi zeminyaka ukuphuhlisa yaye bathungelane i akanandaba ukusuka ezinye ngumkhenkce yehlabathi entlango.

Ububanzi ice Antarctica

qhwa Antarctic yeyona inkulu kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Xa indawo, kuba mkhulu eGreenland izihlwele ice ngamaxesha-10. It buzinze-30 ezigidi kwiikhilomitha metres ngumkhenkce. It has elimile amajukujuku, kwithambeka ocacisiweyo kwandisa ukuya elunxwemeni, apho, kwiindawo ezininzi iphahlwe yi ice ezishelifini. Ebubanzini omkhulu ngumkhenkce Antarctic ifikelela kwezinye iindawo (empuma) 4800 m.

Entshona, kwaye kumazwekazi uxinezeleko zinzulu - depression Bentley (kwakuyeyona imvelaphi komsantsa), ezele ngumkhenkce. Ukujula kwawo of 2555 leemitha ngaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle.

Yintoni na ububanzi avareji womkhenkce Antarctica? Ukususela imitha 2500 ukuya 2800.

izibakala ezimbalwa ezinomdla kakhulu

E Antarctica kukho umzimba ongowemvelo yamanzi kunye namanzi amatsha on Earth. Sea Weddell ithathwa ukuba liyibeka elubala ehlabathini. Kakade ke, akukho nto ayimangalisi kulo, njengoko kweli lizwekazi akukho mntu ukuba bayihlambele. Kukho inikwa ixabiso liphezulu elubala isalamane amanzi (79 m), nto leyo phantse ekwafanekisa le elubala amanzi enkolo.

Xa ezintlanjeni McMurdo yinto engaqhelekanga Blood Falls. Oku kulandela evela Taylor Glacier kunye aqukuqela aye West Lake Bonney, igqunywe ngumkhenkce. Imvelaphi Ingxangxasi - echibini ityuwa, ibekwe phantsi noxwebhu ice elingqingqwa (iimitha ezingama-400). Ngenxa amanzi amtyuba akuthethi ngumkhenkce, nokuba kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi kakhulu. Kuye kwasekwa malunga 2 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo.

Sikhethekileyo enhle ilele umbala amanzi ayo - ebomvu yegazi. ngamandla yakhe namava elangeni. A Umxholo eliphezulu oxide intsimbi emanzini kunye Cya, ukufumana amandla ngenxa ekunciphiseni sulfate unyityilikiswa emanzini - esi sizathu umbala efanayo.

abahlali abasisigxina Antarctica na. Kukho abantu abahlala kwixesha ezweni elithile. Eli xesha abameli nezesayensi. Ehlotyeni, inani izazinzulu kunye nabasebenzi abanika inkxaso malunga 5000, yaye ebusika - ngo-1000.

Enkulu kunazo

Ebubanzini womkhenkce Antarctica, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, ehlukene kakhulu. Ke phakathi elwandle ice floes kwakhona kukho kwazo enkulu, kuquka B-15, yenye yezona zinkulu.

ubude bayo - malunga 295 neekhilomitha, ububanzi - 37 km, kwaye indawo ubuso-11 000 macala onke. neekhilomitha (indawo Jamaica). ubunzima kwalo cishe - 3 billion tonnes. Kwaye namhlanje, emva phantse-10 iminyaka yokulinganisa, ezinye iindawo zeli ingxilimbela akayi zaphela.

isiphelo

Antarctica - indawo weemfihlakalo ebalulekileyo nezimanga. Amazwekazi asixhenxe, yena yokugqibela ukuvula kanye abaphandi nabahambi. Antarctica - bancinane ngaye, baza kuhlala kwilizwekazi wokubuk 'emhlabeni, kodwa kwakhona ngokwenene kakhulu fabulously entle emangalisayo.