Torts: Imizekelo iimpawu ezingundoqo

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni na inqanaba eliphezulu yophuhliso naluphi na uluntu yaba, yaba yinxalenye kwaye amatyala olwaphulo-mthetho kunye eziphosakeleyo yoluntu, imizekelo apho ibonakala imali eyaneleyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Ngenxa yokuba yokumiswa entsonkothileyo psyche yabantu ukuphelisa ulwaphulo-mthetho ezinjalo phantse nzima. Kodwa ukuba alumkise nokuthintela ngokunjalo unciphise amathuba umonakalo obangelwe zezi zenzo eluntwini, urhulumente zamajoni into real kakhulu.

Ngelishwa, nyaka ngamnye inani amatyala liyenyuka. Kukho tort entsha, imizekelo apho beba iifom nobunzima kakhulu. Ngokunciphisa inani yinto ephambili umsebenzi ngenxa abasebenzi zomthetho kwinkqubo. Ngoko ke, indlela ephambili yokulwa bamvukelayo umthetho ukwazi ukudlulisela kwinginginya malunga akunakuphepheka isohlwayo kunye neziphumo eziyingozi ekuhlaleni ukuze uluntu.

Torts: Imizekelo, ingqiqo, iimpawu

Ingcaciso yale mqondo isiseko lwemithetho alifumaneki, kodwa kubhalwe ngokucacileyo imfundiso elungileyo. ISENZO kukho okungalunganga, unetyala ubuso action lokona, avuthayo izenzo zabo kakubi kuluntu, iziphumo apho iba uxanduva lwasemthethweni.

Le mbono ingavezwa ifomu lula. ISENZO sisenzo yokuziphatha, onako ukulimaza abanye abantu yaye, ke ngoko, ibhekisela iifom kakhulu yingozi kwaye engathandekiyo yentsebenziswano. Lo ngumceli-mngeni ekuhlaleni kunye neenqobo zayo, nokuhlaselwa wemidla kunye neemfuno zobuqu zabemi, ngokunjalo ukuze uluntu.

Ingcamango kunye nolwakhiwo ityala yoluntu luphawulwa mpawu ziphambili zilandelayo:

- ingozi Social (ukwenzakala).

- yayingekho.

- yecala.

- Ngokoqobo (izenzo).

- isigwebo.

Makhe sihlolisise inkalo nganye ngokweenkcukacha.

ingozi yoluntu

Yingozi inomsebenzisi mandatory-mthetho ngalunye. It ingavezwa iziphumo ezibi leempawu aphule imigaqo yomthetho umthetho wobukhaya. inkcazelo yayo ixhomekeke kuhlobo ikukunyasha izinto, le into betyala kunye namalungelo ezikhathazayo.

Ukuba sicinga torts (imizekelo), ukuze siwenze indalo impahla yingozi (ukutshatyalaliswa okanye ukonakaliswa kwempahla, izimali, lokubaleka ukuhlawula irhafu , njl) Yaye non-material (sisithuko, ukunyelisa, uhlaselo, njl njl). Iimpawu ukuze sifunyanwe okanye unrecoverable, ezingqinisisekayo okanye non-ezilinganisekayo, kwaye ngaphezulu okanye kakhulu kangako ngabanye, amaqela kunye noluntu ngokubanzi. Ngako oko, ngenxa yenkcazelo kunye nokwahlulwa bolwaphulo mthetho kwindawo yokuqala kufuneka ukucwangcisa ubungakanani umonakalo obangelwe isikhubekiso.

wrongfulness

Enye inkalo lo mthetho mthethweni. It lungabonakaliswa njengoko besaphula ngezenzo zomthetho, kwakunye nokungathotyelwa kunye nezibophelelo ezichazwe kutyikitywe esinye isivulwano ezahlukeneyo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ukutsala sezomthetho umntu ukuba isenzo esingavumelekanga kuluntu, ukuba sisenzo esingekho mthethweni na kuMgaqo-mthetho. Ngoko ke, ukusetyenziswa "eziziimpazamo ezikhoyo" nakwimo abazi kupasa rhafu mthetho, kodwa kwakhona ukuvuma ezinjalo izenzo zokuxhaphaza akwenzeki.

yecala

Nabaphuli enze isenzo mthethweni, usoloko ithuba abazi ukuba enze isenzo. Ityala umntu kumiselwa kanye ngokwesiseko ukhetho, nto leyo ngokungakhathali okanye ngabom, wenza, ngoyaba amabango kuluntu nakuRhulumente.

Okwangoku bezvinovnaya kunye noxanduva ngentsebenziswano na ngaphandle kwenkqubo yezomthetho, nangemigaqo yayo ephambili ukucangca-nyhuku. Oku kuthetha ukuba lo gama nje imisebenzi yolwaphulo-mthetho ka umrhanelwa bokuba ngokusemthethweni, yinto ityala kwisenzo okungalunganga.

Ngokoqobo kwaye isigwebo

Ubunyani ityala ingavezwa ibinzana ulandelayo: "Kuba iingcinga akukho kugwetywa", nto leyo ithetha ukuba ukungabikho woxanduva esemthethweni iinjongo, iimvakalelo, kunye neenkolelo, kwakunye ubukho iimpawu ezithile zobuntu: inkolo, uhlanga, ubume eluntwini ., Kunye nabanye Oku kubonakala kuphela emva kokuba isenzo .

Ukongezelela ndivakalisa umlomo, umthetho kwakhona ibonelela isohlwayo okunyanzelekileyo kwityala lembambano. Imizekelo: ngaba ilandelwe ngohlobo okunyanzelisa naziphi ezongezelelweyo ubunzima, imithwalo, ubunzima okanye impahla yakhe. Zisa uxanduva lolwaphulo- komoni enze isohlwayo ayikwazi kuba, ukuba izenzo zakhe phantsi amanyathelo yempembelelo karhulumente.

Ngoko ke, zonke izinto zingentla umthetho ukunika inkcazo ecacileyo intshukumo umthetho. Oku kwenza nje kuphela ukwenza isohlwayo isemthethweni, kodwa ukuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho kwiimeko ezithile.