Yintoni palindrome? Palindromes - imizekelo. palindromes IsiNgesi

Njengoko yaziwa, ulwimi Russian umthamo ngokwaneleyo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo amathuba kunye namazwi. Enye ezahlukeneyo izinto lungelelanisa ezi palindromes. Imizekelo abantwana, kubonisa kakhulu ngokuchanileyo le ngcamango, ungajonga kwi lomculo. Umzekelo, Fet: "A rose wawa Umlenze Azor." Ukuba ujonga ngeliso e la mazwi, siyabona ukuba isindululo zinokuqondwa kumacala omabini: ukusuka ekuqaleni (ekhohlo) kunye nesiphelo (ukusuka ekunene ukuya ekhohlo). Yaye kwimeko nganye, eli binzana engavakala efanayo. Oku - sisinika, kodwa kukho amazwi, palindromes. Imizekelo kakhulu ngokucacileyo zibonisa isigama uya kuphuma.

definition

Yintoni palindrome? Le mbono livela kwisiGrike kwaye ngokoqobo eliguqulelwa ngokuthi 'ebaleka emva "okanye" ukubaleka kwakhona. " Kwezinye iimeko, ngokuba palindromes, imizekelo apho anikwe apha ngezantsi, uthathe naziphi twatsa ngokumalunga iseti ephakathi zabalinganiswa. Indibaniselwano inde zezincwadi olu hlobo uthathwa saippuakauppias (Finnish - umthengisi isepha). Kukho ezinye palindromes IsiNgesi umdla:

«Mama, mna Adam» - ukumelwa yabantu lady (Nkosazana, mna Adam).

Eli nenekazi nga ngokuthozama athi "shifter»: «uEva» (Eva).

Kukho macala ningayisondezi kuphela okanye iseti yoonobumba. palindromes-vesi eziqhelekileyo:

ngesandla ivamile ubambe umhlana ...
Mna ngokunyanisekileyo apha I kuhlala,
Jaro kwi cwaka yokudala,
Zarzhu okokuqala beshiya
luck ezilungileyo daze,
Zarzhu okokuqala beshiya -
Ke kakhulu!

Unako ukufunda ukuqalisa kwaye ukusuka ekupheleni ngayo.

Background Brief Historical

Ngaphandle nje ukuba palindrome enjalo, kufuneka kunokuthiwa eyaziwa "turncoats 'ukusuka maxesha amandulo. Amaxesha amaninzi, lanikwa intsingiselo engcwele magic. Kwakukho palindromes, imizekelo apho zifumaneka ezahlukeneyo iilwimi, mhlawumbi kumaXesha Aphakathi. Kule ncwadi classical Russian kukho inkcazelo enokuthenjwa copyright, "Changeling", yabhalwa Derzhavin: "Ndiza kuba mechem nomgwebi." Lilinge lokuqala ukwenza elide, multi-line yiRhymed uhlobo imveliso palindromic yenziwa Velimir Khlebnikov ( "Razin" Poem). Kodwa ke abenzi bemilingo kulo mbutho art lifikelele kuphela kunyaka 1970-1990-th. Palindromes, imizekelo apho zifumaneka imisebenzi Vladimir Gershoni, uNicholas Ladygina, nguDmitry Avalini noHelen Katsyuba ziba ifundwa ngakumbi lemfundo kunye nolwalathiso uncwadi kule 1990. Ezi zifundo ziye zaqhutywa ngenkuthalo, ikakhulu isiJamani kunye Lukomnikovym Aleksandrom Bubnovym. Theoreticians kunye neengcali uhlobo ezahlukeneyo ekwanti umda. Umzekelo, i "werewolf". Oku okubhaliweyo olufundwa ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya kwamanye ekunene kwe emva: "The World ndakuzuza" (umbhali Sergey Fedin.). Ngaphandle nje kokuba kukho palindrome onjalo kufuneka ukhankanye iintlobo ezinqabileyo of ulwalathiso ayile, lwegama, ezimbini "turncoats". Laba isicatshulwa ukuba enye indlela ukufunda ngolwimi olunye, kunye back - phezu kwezinye. Yintoni enye ezi palindromes enqabileyo? Imizekelo japan ezahlukeneyo kunokwenzeka. Naluphi na uhlobo 'elingana twatsa "indibaniselwano apho kungekho ukufunda oluqhutywa umva, njengoko kunjalo kwi ifomu ukuzala tsokoltsokol, kabankaban kunye nabanye.

Inzala ngendlela

Kufuneka wathi palindromes, imizekelo apho lube nokucacelwa eziqhutywa nzulu nqaku, abaphandi ulwimi abanomdla, ababhali, iimbongi, ababhali ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo nangomlinganiselo ongafaniyo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba kulo ngeminyaka kwinkulungwane yokugqibela kwakungenakwenzeka ukupapasha olu hlobo imisebenzi. Oku kubangelwe ikakhulu yokuba ukusukela 'icala "ngelo xesha akazange mayamkelwe kule ncwadi. At kwasekuqaleni uphuhliso kwicala ubugcisa kuzo zonke ababhali "turncoats" babeqhelene omnye komnye, babesazi, usenokuthi, xa ubuso omnye komnye. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, imisebenzi ezininzi zapapashwa anthologies. Kodwa ke inkoliso yabo wahlala lushicilelwe.

genre

Palindromes baba amabinzana ethandwa kakhulu, okanye "aphorisms." Abanye babo Usenokude kunokubangela uncumo (ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zayo wobugcisa). Kwiimeko ezininzi, indibanisela changeling ngaphakathi kuye itsale ingqalelo kungekuphela nje ngenxa yokuba uhlobo yayo non-esezantsi, kodwa umxholo othile ezihlekisayo. imigca ngabanye nga ndibahlanganise kumsebenzi enkondlo. Noko ke, ukuba ukuhlanganiswa ibango kwisihobe emva bonke, ukuba avumele nasiphi na isaphulelo iimilo ezingaqhelekanga. Ngamanye amazwi, yonke into kufuneka alondolozwe - isingqisho, imvano-siphelo, ubukhulu - kokubini standard, imisebenzi eqhelekileyo enkondlo. "Lohlukanisa" kwiimeko ezinjalo idityaniswa kuphela umdlalo zesingqisho kunye sonic. Abaninzi kangaka ukufumana kukho ifomu "phantse palindromic". Ababhali ezahlukeneyo ngokukhawuleza wadala ubuhle yesandi. Ngaphandle nje ukuba palindrome enjalo, asinako ingqalelo izibongo lyric, ngokusebenzisa iindlela zobugcisa lwe data. Abaninzi kubo ziqulathe isabelo uburharha, kodwa nangona oku kuhluthwa kakhulu nzulu. Amanye amabinzana twatsa baphile kakuhle umculo. Kwezinye iimeko, umsebenzi zesihobe ukuze iqulunqwe "changeling", yahlulwe imigca. Kule meko Sithetha monopalindrome.

yamaciko

Of umdla uphando ngemvelaphi ye palindromes na ingqondo awodwa. Njengoko imbongi Symbolist, wanikela ingqalelo kakhulu ukuba isingqisho kunye umbutho isandi isebenza. Kumbongo wakhe "I abalishumi" ngokucacileyo kwi impumelelo Alexander Blok isandi kunye nezalathiso ezinesingqi. Goldstein sele iguqulelwe yonke le yunithi umsebenzi ulwimi palindromes. Umbhali ithi ukuba inkqubo kube yinto enokwenzeka ukulondoloza imvano-siphelo, isingqisho, ukwakhiwa mbongo kuba phantse kuyo yonke indawo. Ukwenza "Zazilishumi," Goldstein uthi, ngokwembono yakhe, ezinye utshintsho kugxininiswa ngisho elithile ukwandisa ithoni.

Lohlukanisa amanani

Kukho, ukongeza izayamaniso iileta, amabinzana kunye nemisebenzi yonke kunye nenani palindromes. Le nkcazo osetyenziswa ukubonisa isimetri ebonakalayo. Amanani zendalo kulo mzekelo izakufundwa ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene kwaye vice versa efanayo. Symmetrically nga sakuba odd okanye inani loonobumba. palindromes ngamanani kwenzeka kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, apho amagama abo. Ngoko ke, kukho udidi "olugobileyo" imiqondiso: 1001, 676, kunye nabanye. Ezi ndlela 'palindromic "kwafunyanwa phakathi amanani Fibonacci, amanani, Smith.

izibalo

palindromes ngamanani inokuba sisiphumo imisebenzi kwezinye abalinganiswa. Martin Gardner, umbhali wencwadi ethi "Mna umbono!", Ngenxa popularizer noko ezaziwayo-kakuhle inzululwazi, kuzisa hypothesis ethile. Ukuba uthatha elipheleleyo (nayiphi na), uze udibanise kulo unyango (eyenziwa dijithi efanayo, kodwa ukuze reverse), uze uphinde inyathelo, kodwa imali efunyenweyo, enye amanyathelo ukuze ufumane palindrome. Kwezinye iimeko kwanele ukwenza nokongeza kanye: 213 + 312 = 525. Kodwa Kudla kuyimfuneko ukuba imisebenzi ubuncinane ezimbini. Umzekelo, ukuba uthabathe inani 96, ngoko, ukuba wenza Ukongeza ezilandelelanayo, palindrome zifumaneka kuphela kwinqanaba lesine:

96 + 69 = 165
165 + 651 = 726
726 + 627 = 1353
1353 + 3531 = 4884

Umongo hypothesis kukuba xa uthatha naliphi na inani, emva inani elithile amanyathelo kuya kuba qiniseka ukufumana palindrome. Imizekelo zingafunyanwa kuphela kwi Ukongeza, kodwa ekwakhiweni kangangoko ukuba nezokukhupha ingcambu kunye neminye imisebenzi.

sibini umdla

Xa amaqela etsala ingabonwa indlela yenkqubo enomdla kakhulu, ukuba kukho amanani ezithile, umzekelo, ilula - 1 no 3. Umzekelo, umlinganiselo elula kabini-digit wayalela ngababini: 31-13 kwaye 13-31, amathandathu ezintathu-digit emihlanu ezilula, phakathi kwabo 2 "shifter": 313 no 131, iperi shifters: 113-311 no 311-113. Izibini kuphumela kuzo zonke iimeko basondeza ngokwegrafu ngamagama lwamanani izikwere fomu. Ngokubanzi, a lot of imathematika ingafumaneka iipateni digital.

Palindromes kwezinye iinkalo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu. eziphilayo

Isakhiwo nucleic libonelela imimandla esingephi efanayo ezisebenzisanayo. Baye-ebizwa ngokuba "ulandelelwano isipili 'of nucleotides ekwaziyo wokusungula duplexes. Kwigenome zabantu, inani elipheleleyo "turncoats" Kuqikelelwa ukuba isukela ikhulu lamawaka kwesigidi. Ngoko ke, ngokutsho ngokuqwalasela, ukusasazwa yesakhiwo iDNA lazo. Palindromes ngengqiqo eziphilayo bayakwazi yokunikezela ulwazi kungandiswa ngaphandle ukwandisa inani nucleotides. Okubalulekileyo "iimilo macala" ezithile ukuyilwa ezinye iintlobo nucleic - ezothutho RNA, umzekelo.

umculo

umculo Palindromic kudlalwa "njengesiqhelo", ngokungqinelana nemimiselo. Emva kokugqitywa umdlalo lwaba phezu amanqaku. Emva koko ukusebenza ukudlala kwakhona, kodwa uhadi ngaxeshanye akayi kutshintsha. Bophindo ekhona kangangoko kuyimfuneko, akwaziwa kule, yintoni na ezantsi, nokuba - ngamahashe. Ezi ziqwenga umculo idlalwe yedwa, ngelixa ufunda amanqaku ezivela macala omabini ngexesha elinye. Njengoko imizekelo imisebenzi enjalo kungakhokelela 'endleleni yoxolo "palindromic, ebhalwe Moscheles, yaye" iingoma ukusela nomculo ngenxa ezimbini ", eyabhalwa Mozart.