Bleach, yayo physico-iikhemikhali kunye nokusebenzisa iimpawu

Kwakhona iblitshi ubize calcium hayiphoklorayithi okanye mhlophe umgubo. Nangona eli gama yokugqibela yi hayi kulungile, ngokuba ubuncwane ngumxube entsonkothileyo kwaye ibandakanya hayi hayiphoklorayithi kuphela (Ca (ClO) 2), kodwa kwakhona oxychloride (CaClO), chloride (CaCl2), calcium hayidroksayidi (Ca (OH) 2). Nabo babe khona elubhorha of chloride yentsimbi (III), nto leyo jize ithinti elityheli. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, le ezimbaxa sele into eqinileyo karhulumente aggregate, ivumba olomeleleyo chlorine kunye kombala rhoqo emhlophe. Amanzi iyachithakala kuphela hayiphoklorayithi ikhalsiyam, wechlorine ekhutshelwa kwi-atmosfera, kwaye intsalela okumisele umxube baseka kwenze ububanzi - oluludaka.

Xa ngqo kwelanga perchloric ikalika zikhuphe ioksijini, naphezu kokushushubezwa abole kunye ngendaleko ubushushu, nto leyo inokukhokelela-dubulo. Kule meko, iyeza kufuneka zigcinwe, apholileyo (okulala) kunye umoya ngamagumbi amnyama. Xa sisebenza kunye nomgubo aphuphe kufuneka isetyenziselwe ukukhusela ulusu, isixokelelwano sokuphefumla, ingakumbi kwizibonelelo yakhe imveliso kunye zokuhamba.

Ngokwembono chemistry, i-arhente iblitshi kabani fomula irekhodwa CaCl (OCl), ubalisa ukuba kugalelwe iityuwa (kabini), ngamanye amazwi, Iqulethe anions ezimbini. Kwakhona, le ephindeneyo a oxidant eyomeleleyo efanelekileyo isisombululo ialakalin ukuguqula MnO (manganese oxide (II)) → MnO2 (manganese oxide (IV)); ngokuthi zakudibana zizinto eziphilayo ukuze yokutsha zabo. Ukusabela ne-sulphuric okanye asidi zehydrochloric lwenzeka Ukukhethwa yeKhlorini: Ca (ClO) Cl + H2SO4 → Cl2 + CaSO4 + H2O.

Le izinto lalungiselela chlorination ekuveliseni i- calcium hayidroksayidi. Xa inkqubo enjalo nto ifunyenwe iblitshi kumabakala amathathu - 26, 32 no-35% of yeKhlorini esebenzayo (isixa yeKhlorini ecocekileyo kukhutshwa yi isenzo kulo mxube HCl okanye H2SO4 acid). Enye ilahleko kwale nto ukuba iba esebenzayo phezu chloro yokugcina, 5-10% ngonyaka ngamnye. Zama yokulwa oku ekuyiyekeni ngozinzo oluphuculweyo imveliso ngokugqithisa igesi yeKhlorini ngokusebenzisa kukunqunyanyiswa Ca (OH) 2. yeKhlorini Active kwi ezimbaxa ngaloo endibufumeneyo 45-70%. Enye ethile kwale nto yokuba ezisibangwayo umhlwa le bunokusenza yesinyithi, kwaye amalaphu yerhali. Ngoko ke, hlala kwisikhongozeli yamaplanga, yeplastiki okanye izingxobo zeplastiki kunye nokhunye.

Iblitshi liveza bactericidal kunye sporicidal iipropati zigqitywa ubukho hypochlorous acid kunye neoksijini isisombululo. Ngenxa oku, lisetyenziswa kwi nokusulungekiswa amanzi amdaka avela ilindle ezahlukeneyo kunye namaziko onyango njengoko zintsholongwane (umphezulu ukuqhubekekiswa, iindawo zoluntu). Kwakhona kusetyenziswa bleach ekwenziweni esiqwini yintlama nephepha.

Ngenxa yoko, bleach - ngumxube entsonkothileyo ukuba iikhemikhali kweziyobisi ayasebenza kwaye liveza iipropati enamandla oxidant. Xa hydrolyses isisombululo zolwelo ukwenza hypochlorous acid (NS1O). Ngenxa yokwanda lobushushu (zokufudumeza) kwaye phantsi amanyathelo kwelanga ubola, ikhuphe ioksijini kunye chlorine.