Novodvinsk inqaba: ifoto, indlela

Kumantla kwilizwe lethu akukho uhlobo nenqaba inqaba, ngaphandle kwesinye isakhiwo. It engagqibekanga liyalondolozwa de kube namhlanje. It inqaba Novodvinsk. Kuba abo ungakholwayo kukho edubula evela satellite le ndawo. Ukwakhiwa kubo kuqwalaselwa. Amatye kumanxuwa sabona iziganeko ezininzi zembali, amadabi kunye uloyiso ezukileyo. Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi malunga inqaba Novodvinsk, kuyimfuneko ukuba kuza phezu khenketho. Indlela ukuya lesikhumbuzo ukuze kwimbali ukuba limela, yaye kubonakala ngathi ngoku - ngale kamva.

Overview

Novodvinsk inqaba kwisixeko Arkhangelsk yakhiwa ebudeni bolawulo uPetros I. elide Kuye wakhonza njengomthombo sekratshi amajoni Russian. Amajoni amazwe abanamava phambi yokoyika kwakhe. Kubekho ukulwa enzima. Kwifoto ungabona ukuba namhlanje isakhiwo siyakhuselwa ngokuyinxenye.

Elunxwemeni lomlambo Malaya Dvinka uPetros ndathi ukwakha inqaba. Kwaba 1700. Le ukumkani isigqibo ngenxa yokuba wayesazi kakuhle ukuba kukho isixeko enye kuphela apho balwa ukuba ahlasele ilizwe Russian. Kuyinto enkulu isixeko kwizibuko Arkhangelsk.

Apha, le ndawo yokwakhela yokuqala waza wadala Admiralty wayebekwe khona. Ngokutsho * kuKhesare, kwafuneka ukuba kungenakugqithwa ngokupheleleyo Novodvinsk inqaba. Yaba ingongoma qhinga kwiinzame zokuthintela yotshaba.

Novodvinsk inqaba ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVIII, njengoko kubonakele kuphando umlando wawo kwezinto zakudala, yayiphelela phezu ngoxa amajoni ngaphezulu kwe 1000.

nenqaba Construction

photos Novodvinsk inqaba thaca ngezantsi, kwayilwa kwaye yakhiwa ngumzobi G. Reza. Wakhetha eyona ndawo ifanelekileyo onokufundela umsebenzi wokwakha. Lynskey Priluk. Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1701 ulwakhiwo yindawo ngoMay.

Le nkqubo yabangela ngokukhawuleza. Inyanga edlulileyo beliselilunge ukwakhiwa isiseko. Ngo June nyaka mnye isiseko kwesakhiwo sabekwa ngabasebenzi. amajoni Swedish wazama ukuthintela oko, wenza amalinge ukuba ahlasele zibuko. Kodwa ke umkhosi Russian sasuka apha inani elikhulu imipu.

Ukususela Orlets ukuba ukwakhiwa yindawo eyakhelwe phezu amaphenyane iinkuni kusiwa ilitye elimhlophe. Ncediswa ekwenzeni inkqubo, nezigodlo basekuhlaleni. Ngowe-1702, ukumkani ngokobuqu kweliso ukwakhiwa.

Phantse yonke imisebenzi zagqitywa ngo-1705. Kwakukho iindonga inqaba, iimboniselo. Ngokomyalelo uPetros inqaba wasiwa 108 imipu. Kwaye ngenxa 1711 oko ekugqibeleni wenza zonke izakhiwo ukuzithethelela kunye iinqaba. Ngowe-1731 le nqaba kwathiwa izakhiwo Russian ukuzithethelela.

Ukohluka le Novodvinsk Fortress

Kwixesha elizayo, kwainqaba wakhonza injongo yalo ngokupheleleyo. Yaba isakhiwo yokuqala ngqa kweli inxalenye kumantla eRashiya. Novodvinsk Fortress (Arkhangelsk) fanaka hi iimpawu zayo isimbo Dutch. Phambi zilikhusi naye kule nxalenye yelizwe akuzange.

izakhiwo ezinjalo afumaneka kumazwe afana Holland, Melika, kwakunye kwi amathanga owayesakuba kula mazwe. Baye iimpawu zabo eyahlukileyo. Ezi mpawu ezifanayo izakhiwo Arkhangelsk.

Le nqaba ezakhiwa elimile isikwere. Kuye zilikhusi 4. Le Iflegi, ulwandle, Ingcwaba Rogatochny kunye nezakhiwo zomkhosi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ubude eludongeni ngelo xesha 300 m, ukuphakama -. 5 m zenza zokuzifaka apha ekufikelelwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo 2.5-3.5 m nenqaba ngamnye ngaphandle yi umgama. 120 m.

Izixhobo ngaphakathi nenqaba

Novodvinsk kwekhulu inqaba XVIII, imbali kunye zakudala research abanomdla kude kube ngoku, ukuba isakhiwo yayo ethile lwangaphakathi. Ukufikelela inqaba Novodvinsk e Arkhangelsk, umhambi wayekwazi ngaphakathi amasango amathathu: Dvina, Summer, Ravelin. Ngaphambili, ukuba ayilwe zinokuhonjiswa.

Shiya le nqaba kwaye kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa imigudu xa elililo. 10 Kwakukho, kodwa namhlanje encinane ngempumelelo ishiyekayo.

Military wayehlala izakhiwo kummandla ixesha. Yegumbi zakhiwa kufuphi Dvinskikh namasango moya. Kwakukho yindawo kunye ibandla St Peter and St Paul. Kwakhe ngcwele isalungiswa ngo-1702. Ngoko ke ukuba yonke imigaqo kunye izimiso ixesha Novodvinsk inqaba ngokuba uPetros noPawulos. Imbeko egameni ibandla. Kodwa ke abantu baye yabizwa ngokuba yindawo Novodvinskaya. Emva kwexesha elithile, kwaye ibandla ngokwayo baqala ukubizwa ngokunjalo.

Kwicala elingaphandle yale nqaba

Ngaphandle nqaba wemba umhadi ngokubanzi. Agcwalisa amanzi. ububanzi balo ngexesha kweemitha 28-30. Yaba ukuziphendulela elungileyo, leyo ukuba Novodvinsk inqaba. Indlela ukuze ngaphakathi kwale izakhiwo enqatyisiweyo? Yinto xaka. Kungenxa yoko le nto utshaba kuba esoyika amajoni Russian, ngaphakathi ezi iindonga.

Ubude kunye neendonga eskarpnyh nomjelo kontreskarpnyh ngamatye ekufikelelwe-3 m. Baye nabo sele zazizaliswe Iizilebhu of lekalika emhlophe, bathi zibambene yi ezityiwa yesinyithi. Ukusuka umlambo wahlulelwa iindonga umsele phezu 4 kweemitha ubude. Baba nokuqhubekeka kwini namatye wabiza cofferdam.

Gateway yayimi apha ngasentla, apho amanzi abuya emhadini. Oku kukomeleza amanzi yafakwa indlela efihlakeleyo, waza wenza udonga. Apha ukuba ibekwe nomphini le glacis.

I Novodvinsk Fortress Bohlaselo emihleni War iCrimea

Kwiminyaka ye-iCrimea War (1854-1856 gg.) Ngaba zokungqinga yokugqibela inqaba Novodvinsk. Ngelo xesha esidlulileyo isetyenziselwa injongo eyenzelwe yona. NgoJanuwari 1863 eBastion umnakekeli yemeko zayo zobuchule ngokunxulumene kokupheliswa wenqanawa esixekweni.

Novodvinsk Fortress (Arkhangelsk) eyanikelwa 1864, isixeko yosisi. Kwagqitywa ukuba aququzelele kwikholeji yamabhinqa. Noko ke, ukususela loo efunisela lwakhawuleza bamshiya. Esi sigqibo ngenxa kokuqala kokwakhiwa kaloliwe phakathi Vologda ne Arkhangelsk. isixa esikhulu amatye efunekayo ngokulungiselela kwizitishi. Kulo mba, abefundisi wathengisa yinxalenye iindonga nenqaba ekwakheni iimfuno.

Le nqaba kanye iingangamsha eyaguqukayo yaba izinto zokwakha banal.

I ngakumbi bayahlelwa inqaba

Ngowe-1898, uvavanyo likarhulumente beendonga nqaba sele yenziwe. Arkhangelsk irhuluneli lakuphelisa intengiso izakhiwo ngohlobo zokwakha. Ngoko ke imbali lesikhumbuzo asinda, nangona ngelo xesha kakhulu yonakele.

Ekuqaleni 20 mbali kwenkulungwane iqela zakudala, restorers kunye nabaphandi baqalisa ukufunda ngenkuthalo lesikhumbuzo thaca. Ngowe-1913, emva kokuba umsebenzi wenziwe ngawo, kwainqaba yaqukwa kuluhlu lwe kwemihlaba Russian.

Kwiminyaka pre-imfazwe kwakukho abantwana koloni. Yiqulathe abaphuli-mthetho abangabantwana. Ngexesha Second World War yamiselwa apho ukuveliswa kwezithuthi yamanzi-yokulwa. Umsebenzi wenza amabanjwa ababesakuba leembovane abantwana.

Ngowe-1990, iqela oososayensi baqalisa ukwenza umsebenzi apho nokubuyiselwa emanxuweni inqaba kanye nobuqaqawuli kunye eyoyikekayo.

Indlela ukuya Novodvinsk Fortress?

Kwi 19 km ukusuka isixeko uyinqaba Novodvinsk (Arkhangelsk). Indlela ukuya kwindawo apho ngoku ibekwe amanxuwa, abakhokeli ezaziwayo. Okokuqala, kufuneka ukuya siqithi Brevnik. Ukusuka Arkhangelsk apha baphathe abakhweli kuphela ngamanzi. Kuxhomekeka kwindawo yokuwela kuya kufuneka uye kwi-5 km ukuya 12 isiwe abahlala ezincinane. Nge Brevnika ku Linsky Priluk ifikeleleka ngendlea kwebhulorho encinane.

Ungafumana apha ezikuzo. Kulo mzekelo, siza kuya kufuneka alinde de iqela ayiyenzi, nceda. Ixabiso nama- 1000 engange. Oku kungenxa ixabiso ibhasi uhambe wokuweza, apho imali eninzi kakhulu.

Ngokuzimela ukufikelela Novodvinsk Fortress kunzima, kodwa kunokwenzeka. Kuthutho amanzi, ngoko ukukhwela okanye ibhasi (ihamba kunqabile kakhulu). Unga nokuba uzame ukuhamba. Kodwa indlela elide, ngoko oku kakhulu usoloko udiniwe.

Kubonakala ngathi yinqaba namhlanje?

Novodvinsk enqabeni ozaziyo neziza zinqabile kakhulu, ngoku ikhangeleka ngathi umwewe elihle. iindonga zayo phantsi wokhuseleko karhulumente. imisebenzi ukubuyiselwa Small yenziwe ukuze nesakhiwo hayi yawohloka ngokupheleleyo.

Okwangoku, wayibuyisela kuphela Rogatochny nenqaba kunye nodonga phambi olungaphambili. Kukho kumgangatho akubonayo, ndinkqonkqoza iinkuni. Wahambisa iibhodi kunye nezicwangciso amadabi senzeka apha.

Kukho ngoku indlu kwingqwayi kaThixo, apho iqela restorers ubomi. Makwenziwe ngenyameko mpela ukwenzela ukuba ukuhambisa shaft, njengoko ekuweni senzeka. Ngoku apha la izakhiwo ezidilikileyo njengekhaya igosa abe nomgqomo ngomgubo. Ngaphambili, ngokuba okwabangela ukuba ayengcwaba amajoni.

Restorers udale imyuziyam encinci open-moya, nto leyo isitya esincinci ebonisa iziganeko ezibalulekileyo ebomini le yindawo.

Novodvinsk inqaba ngoku ilitye lesikhumbuzo oxabisekileyo nembali. Abantu apha kulo lonke eRashiya. Kakade ke, oku akuthethi ukuba enkulu, Ibhotwe, kodwa ukohluka yayo. Emva ukwakhiwa asizange lakhiwa iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu. Chukumisa imbali amaxesha elidlulileyo kulula ukuba le yindawo yamandulo.