Shotcrete: Iteknoloji isebenza kunye neempawu

Kule minyaka ili-100 idlulileyo zokutshiza ezintsha nobuchwepheshe eziphathekayo iye yaba Classic usetyenziswa kwinani mveliso ukusombulula iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa. Ngaphezu koko, kule minyaka yakutsha nje ngenxa yokwanda imithamo ukulungiswa kunye nokwakhiwa isebenza umdla kule ndlela anda. Ukutshiza i Ukufikisa of udaka okanye izisombululo eziphathekayo yingcinezelo ukumisa umthetho ngawo impefumlelwano amasuntswana unikwa kwindawo elungisiweyo ye isicombululo. iintanda akhoyo kunye pores ezincinane zizaliswe ngexesha lokusebenza.

kuyo ngokusebenzisa indawo

Ukusetyenziswa kutshizwa concrete namhlanje yinto eqhelekileyo. Le ndlela iyasetyenziswa ukuba athimbe ingxondorha imisebenzi yangaphantsi lezemigodi kunye Lwe. Ayikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle oku kunye nokulungiswa eziphathekayo kunye nezigqeba ufakelo lwesamente. Ezi ziquka nokuqinisa kunye nokutshintshwa ezibolile. Shotcrete kusetyenziswa xa wenza uphawu, njengokuba izinto eliyinjubaqa. Wafumana non-ayoni, ayoni, imichiza, isamente kunye negilasi mveliso yawo ngokubanzi, nganye ezinxulumene neenkqubo-lobushushu eliphezulu. Lisetyenziswa ukunika ukutyabeka banxibe-enganyangekiyo zokhuselo. Lidla le ndlela isetyenziswa ukwenza izinto injongo yokuluka. Le ndlela isetyenziswa for obandayo endaweni yokwakha emhlabeni. Oku kusebenza kumacebo okugcina libe sisigingqi, kwakunye siqinise ethambekeni xa kwakusakhiwa ezidibanayo zendlela kwo.

mpawu ziphambili zale ubuchwepheshe

Xa isicelo shotcrete, iteknoloji luphawulwa iimpawu ezithile, phakathi kwabo - ithuba zokusebenzisa ubume kumphezulu akulingani isiseko, ibekwe kuzo zonke iinqwelomoya. Oku kungenxa iipropati kwakuse high umxube kunye nobuchule self-axhasayo. Nabryzg ezenziwa koxinzelelo oluphezulu nesantya, evumela ukuba adhesion ebalaseleyo yezinto. Emva kokuba umboniso esidipozithwe zixinaniswe ngokuzimeleyo. Ububanzi umphezulu Ungafumana nawaphi na, oko kuya kuxhomekeka kwiimeko kunye neengxaki ezithile. Maxa wambi umsebenzi kunye unyanzeliso, ezibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kugunyaziso ngokwemveli okanye imicu ezizodwa. Ithekhnoloji ikuvumela ukuba ukwakha ngokukhawuleza kweziseko ezixhasa ngaphandle songenelelo formwork kwaye akubikho ixesha lokulinda elide.

Iintlobo zobugcisa shotcrete

Shotcrete nga tirhisiwaka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo: limanzi okanye owomileyo. Kwimeko yokuqala, amanzi esatsiba spray ondliwa ngokohlobo lubuyisela lilungile-umxube. Oku kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa ityhubhu okhethekileyo. Ukubunjwa iluhlobo loqukuqelo rhoqo. Isebenzisa umoya obhityileyo , kunye eziphathekayo. Njengoko abaxhamla kule nqubo ithuba lokusebenzisa sisincoko efanayo, a dusting kancinane, ukunciphisa izinto nkobe kunye nesakhono ukuze agqibe umxube grout emva kokuba isicelo. Intsalela iziphumo zingasetyenziswa omnye umsebenzi wokwakha. Indlela emanzi tirhisa ikhonkrithi itshizwe zinokukhuliselwa izithuba avalelwe.

Lobubi isimemezelo emanzi

Shotcrete kunokusetyenziswa yi indlela emanzi, kodwa kubakho iingxaki ezithile, ochazwa kwemali Izinga eliphantsi isisombululo ayikuvumeli mninzi kuyilo ubuninzi. Ububanzi umaleko isicelo sinqongophele kwaye ayidluli iisentimitha 3 ngalinye indlela enye. Yesondlo Umatshini shotcrete xa lisetyenziswa indlela ezimanzi, ukwanda iimfuno. Ngaphezu koko, inkosi lubotshelelwe kwindawo eziphathekayo imveliso, kwaye sebenzisa i mbeje akwenzeki. Oku amagunya uphume.

Iimpawu shotcrete owomileyo

Ukusebenzisa ikhonkrithi kutshizwa ibe yimveliso iteknoloji owomileyo, kwaye enika lokondla umxube kunye fillers yamanzi eyahlukileyo evela nethumbu. Xa le Ukuxutywa kwenzeka ngqo kwi డొమైన్ idomeyini. Ujonge iingenelo, kukunika amathuba ukubunjwa-elide Umgama kwakunye nokwanda bomyinge wamanzi we ibumba. Interlayer adhesion kunye adhesion kunye phezu ukunyuka maleko wokuqala, kunokuthiwa malunga nokusebenza, kodwa umaleko isicelo unokuba ubukhulu ukuya ngemilimitha 60. Ukuba usebenzisa le ndlela, isiseko kuya akudingi primer ezongezelelweyo, izixhobo na ukubonelela imfuneko ukuhlanjwa. Bekuya kuba ngokwaneleyo ukuwavuthela oko ngomoya.

Lobubi indlela owomileyo

Xa isayithi ye ubuchule isicelo usebenzisa shotcreting owomileyo uya kuphawula yokungcoliseka uthuli. Abasebenzi kufuneka babe namabanga emfundo afanelekileyo. Umlinganiselo yamanzi umxube owomileyo kufuneka licwangciswe kwaye zivavanywe ngexesha lenkqubo ukutyabeka.

Ukubunjwa eziphathekayo

Ukuba ukhetha ukusebenzisa shotcrete, umxube kucetyiswa ukuba ukuhlola. Ukulungiselela ukusetyenziswa zesamente kunye esanti nomlinganiselo 1: 3 okanye 1: 4, bonke kuya kuxhomekeka kwiimfuno zokusebenza kuyilo. Kwimeko yokuqala, umphezulu iya kuba ngokupheleleyo ukumelana mechanical kunye yesibini - bezulu. Kuyimfuneko ukuba kulungiselelwe imali enjalo umxube, oya kuba nako ukusebenza ngaphandle Iiyure ezi-3, kungenjalo kuya balling, isamente ulahlekelwa umgangatho esebenzayo.

Ukuba ufuna ukusebenza kwiqondo lobushushu ephantsi, ukuba izithako ngasentla kufuneka plasticizers kongezelelwa, leyo pre-exutywe namanzi. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukulungiswa ngomxube elomileyo zafakwa kwi ifomu powder. Ichithela eyenziwe ngexesha nkobe umbandela, kufuneka zisetyenziswe isisombululo ukuxuba yesibini.

izithako ezongezelelekileyo

Ezinye iinkampani wambi kuphuhliswa ongeziweyo ukuze shotcrete. Lomenzi wechiza ukuba fyabo, okanye mandithi isicelo kuyo, kulo mzekelo, kufuneka uthumele. Kuphela xa ungakwazi kuthengiswa iimveliso. Ngokomzekelo, cinga isicelo selungelo elilodwa lomenzi ye RF №2543233, apho lo mxube kuthi yongezwe kunye ongeziweyo ezimbaxa ngakumbi. Ngenxa yoko, xa omnye wabo njengoko component abangabancedani ikhonza മണ്ഡലം ifildi. Kodwa undoqo kukuba a ezimbini candelo somfanekiso - sodium aluminate. components emuncu - yezabelo phosphoric acid. Enanikade inyathelo lokuqala amanzi ndinobushushu lobushushu degrees 60 ukuya 110, yaye emva kokuba usiwe kwi sulfate aluminiyam kwaye മണ്ഡലം ifildi, diethanolamine kunye icandelwana somfanekiso asidi. In inyathelo elilandelayo icandelo eziphambili yaziswa.

Ukwakhiwa "Zeke" eziphathekayo spray

Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba ukwakhiwa inkampani shotcrete "Sika", kufuneka babe nolwazi ngakumbi iimpawu mxube. Ngenxa yoko, inokusetyenziswa ebusika, esasenziwe wabulela ukuba ongeziweyo ezizodwa kunye nezongezo modulating. Ukuze bacombulule iingxaki ezahlukeneyo, umenzi usebenzisa iresiphi ethile. Kuba zesamente nesanti ekwenzeni ingongezwa kwi olinganise ngasentla ukuze kuphuculwe ngakumbi uzinzo segregational umxube. Ngamanye amaxesha accelerators okuxuba asebenzise sentlalo kunye lukhuni, kwakunye inhibitors kunye nezongezelelo ngokusekelwe microsilica. Owokugqibela kudla kubalulekile ukuze kuphuculwe amandla kunye impermeability. Shotcrete, bacelwa ogama kufuneka ahambisane izihionipho zilandelayo: 26633, esibonakala yokusebenza ebalaseleyo.

ukulungiselela komhlaba

Phambi ubunzima umaleko lokuqala uyasetyenziswa, isiseko ekhuselwe hydraulically ngokuthi sandblasting. Umphezulu kufuneka ahlale exwebula endala yepeyinti, ukutyabeka, ikhonkrithi, ubumdaka, udaka kunye nothuli. Ukuba kukho unyanzeliso, iya ekucoceni lo mhlwa. Ukuphucula adhesion eziphathekayo ubuso roughened. Ukuze ukulawula ukwakhiwa lonikezelo efanayo phezu komhlaba T-shirt zifakelwe. Ngamanye amaxesha umaleko olandelayo ngakumbi le njongo mm-100 umnatha, yaye ukuba ubukhulu iseli incinane, iya kutshatyalaliswa maleko wokuqala. Umphezulu walungisa kufuneka mazigalelwe ngomoya, ihlanjwe ngamanzi.

technology shotcrete

Ukuba ufike kwisigqibo sokuthandana ngokwabo ukuze benze umsebenzi ochazwe, usenokuba ube nomdla ngokomlinganiselo shotcrete, nto leyo 2400 kg 1 cubic metre nganye. Oku kufuneka iqwalaselwe xa kubalwa ububanzi umaleko elandelayo. Umgama phakathi amanzi esatsiba kunye umphezulu iya kuchaphazela ngqo isixa evakalala. Njengoko yokusebenza ibonisa, umgama elinye okanye amabini meters kangangoko. Ukuba ukunciphisa oko, oko kuya kubangela ngendleko enkulu, kwakunye uphawu umaleko okungephi. Ukuba, ke, ngaphaya inani ngasentla, ukutyabeka uya yakhululeka.

masingaze sisetyenziselwe shotcrete ongeziweyo, kodwa amanzi akakwazi inkunkuma nangayiphi na indlela. Kufuneka ongezwe a ratio ethile. Umzekelo, ukuba ufumane amandla 26.4 MPA kuya kuba yimfuneko ukuba ukongeza amanzi nesamente kwindawo ratio 0,35. Ukuba ufuna ukunciphisa ngamandla ukuya ku 22.1, lo mlinganiselo kumele ibukeke 0.5. Kwimeko yokuqala, ipesenti nkobe kwaba 19.1; ngoxa yesibini - 11.2. ratio amanzi-isamente elilelona ilingana kumda ka-0.4. Ukusetyenziswa ikhonkrithi itshizwe evela maleko, nezinyuko ubuncinane nganye kuzo kufuneka malunga 6 iimilimitha. Xa isicelo ngekhonkrithi sokutshiza umlomo isamente-umpu kufuneka sihambe emendweni helical. Orient kufuneka ibe kwindawo efanelekileyo kumphezulu. Tshintsha ikona eshicilewlwe kunokuba kancinane, ezama ukuba bazalise iqokobhe okanye armature indawo ngokunzulu.

icebiso Expert kaThixo

umaleko nganye kufuneka ukuba ibe imicwe ezahlukeneyo tye yakhe height m. Emva komnye zephetshana ngalinye omnye abe 20. Ukuba yenzelwe ukusebenzisa isisombululo ecacileyo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa kwezithako, umaleko yesibini kufuneka isetyenziswe iiyure ezimbini emva kokuba kuqala.