Sholem Aleichem: A Biography. Heart, vula kubantu

Sholem Aleichem - libangel yamaYuda ngabantu abaqhelekileyo bananisa kuloo ntlanganiso. "Uxolo malube nani" - loo nto ithetha ntoni. Loo gama lobuxoki Ndathatha umbhali abatsha ababhala ngabantu abaqhelekileyo ngolwimi lwabo - Yiddish. Phambi kokuba Sholom Aleichem - umbhali. Photo ubonisa umntu ngamehlo lihlaba kunye nokuhleka ngawo wakrota kumaphepha amabali yakhe emfutshane, novellas kunye iinoveli.

ebuntwaneni

Sholom Nohumovich Rabinovich wazalwa ngo-1859, yintsapho engathathi-ntweni Pereyaslavl kwi Ukraine. Ke usapho wafudukela kwidolophu Voronkovo, njengoko e Ukraine. Childhood okwishumi elivisayo iminyaka eli-13, iziLawuli zoMzali anetyhefu. Ebusika, engqeleni, wayesoloko wahlala ezitalatweni yakusondela endlwini, apho ayivumelekanga. Ngoku, ukuba wasondela, okanye anikeze ngaphambili, ngoko ke mfana ukubabamba endlwini neliyingozi, apho kwakukho ezimbalwa amagumbi omncinane kwiibhedi iindwendwe. Ngoko ke kufudumala. Kodwa uhambo ebusika iindwendwe abazizityebi abo engasilindanga ekuqeqesheni endlwini Nohum Rabinovich. Bakhetha kwihotele Nahum Yasnogradskogo. Yingqele luxolo ufuna ukufumana ubutyebi efihlakeleyo kwindawo ethile Voronkove, yaye ngoku, emva kokuba usapho zawa, kwakhona bahlala Pereyaslavl. Waza wahlala Sholom kwintsapho enkulu yintlupheko apho kukho abazalwana noodade, abantwana kunye kaVan baba. AmaYuda ayeyihlonela kakhulu esikolweni, wayesoloko sengqondo nesimilo le ncwadi. Ngoko ke, bonke, nkqu inkwenkwe amahlwempu waya esikolweni (for girls kugqalwa ozikhethelayo). I "Umsebenzi" yokuqala, wabhala, waba uluhlu aqalekise Umama wesibini ukuba ukucwangciswa ngokwe-alfabhethi. Loo ndlu ukhangela kum ngabamenyiweyo Sholem Aleichem. Biography updated ukwazana yakhe abaninzi abantu ngoko angaludlulisa kumaphepha iincwadi zakhe. Emva kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, lo mfana olugqibileyo kwikholeji waza wafuna ukuba baqhubeke nezifundo zabo Zhytomyr kule ziko kwaye abe ngumfundisi.

ukuzulazula

Kodwa Sholom Aleichem abatsha ukuze baziphilise. Yena walahleka edolophini encinane, bancedisa ukusebenza. Naye akukho msitho. Wayedla kunokuba anikele kumgangatho ebhedini, nendlala yakhe wemikhosi okukruqulayo ngubani glares, uyanyamalala ukutya etafileni. Ebusuku kuyenzeka gwebu abantwana abaselula. Okokugqibela Sholomu lucky. Wayeneminyaka eli-17 ubudala waba omkhulu kakhulu indlu, anokufundiswa elinesine intombazana. Akukho nto. Kodwa ke, njengoko baye ezichazwe kule ncwadi, qala utitshala kunye nomfundi ukuba ezinye umsa nganye. Ithi uyise, ngubani na ezazi kakuhle ebantwini. Ngoko ke ukuthanda Sholem Aleichem. Photo ubonisa uhlobo, kodwa umntu usebenze. uyise wentombazana kungekudala ndaqonda ukuba lo mfana akukho ngumrhwebi iphuma khona. Ngolo hlobo ngo-mthetho akuyi kusebenza. nkqu umncedisi okuhle aziyi kusebenza ngenxa yale mbono mkhulu. Ngoko ke, yonke le ntsapho eshiya ngokufihlakeleyo ebusuku. Uvuka kusasa, Sholem Aleichem, ogama engobomi wenza ngequbuliso ujijo spooky Likuthethayo ukuba indlu yena wayeyedwa ngokupheleleyo. Ushiye endaweni intlawulo esemboniselweni bonke. Apho ungajonga khona uthando, elingaziwayo.

umshado

Ngokuthula alikafiki unyaka omnye zabanyathela ngezihlangu ngokusebenzisa Ukraine, akakafiki eqinisekile kude nekhaya run zabo abazithandayo. Ewe, zendela nxamnye iminqweno yabazali bakhe. Yaye kwiminyaka emibini kamva-in-mthetho wafa, yaye intsapho umfana 1885 eyayiwe intywenka enkulu. Umdlali abangenamava e Kiev kunye Odessa ukutshintshiselana kwiminyaka emihlanu ngokukhawuleza waphulukana lonke ilifa. Wayengenguye ungusomashishini - elula Sholem Aleichem. engobomi bakhe ethi, ngathi ivuso e-mthetho, hamba enye indlela.

ukuba umbhali

Ngowe-1888, Sholem Aleichem phezu yokutyiwa imali yabo iqalisa ukuba benze imisebenzi nokupapasha. Ayisashicilelwa ingqokelela avele "Jewish Abantu Library". Ayifunayo italente yamaYuda kulo lonke Russian enkulu wabafumana ezivenkileni, kwi bezicathulo kwi-ofisi zomngcwabo. Akuba ke eyihlawule imali eliphezulu kakhulu kwaye zenkxaso ababhali abadala. Waqalisa ukubhala kwaye ushicilele ngokwalo. Out Iinoveli "Stepien" yaye "Iosel Nightingale." Kwaye ngo-1894, yena wenza inoveli omtsha abaziintloko "Tevye i Milkman" ebomini bakhe. Ngoko ngokuthe ngcembe wazalwa Sholem Aleichem - Umbhali yamaYuda.

kwamaJuda yamaJuda

Kwiminyaka 1903-1905 womzalwana sombhali waphila ubomi esisityebi yeefizi etsomo eyayiseKiev. Yinto enkulu, nabantwana abathandathu. Nakwelasezantsi nomzantsi-ntshona eli lizwe libe ngumtshangatshangiso abangcangcazelisi kwamaJuda anti-yamaYuda. Abantu kukondza a fa, wahlukunyezwa. abantu abamsulwa bayabethwa ngamatye, nemihlakulwana, amazembe, ukudlwengula abasetyhini namantombazana. Okuduma amakhaya yamaJuda, iivenkile, ipropati kutshatyalaliswa, wabatshabalalisa endlwini yesikhungu, wabatshabalalisa iincwadi ezingcwele. Kunye namapolisa cwaka, ngokungathi akukho nto eyenzekayo, kwaye xa idityaniswe ngokucotha kakhulu. Ngeli xesha umbhali ngenkuthalo ubhala amaphetshana, satires kunye namabali amafutshane abazinikele ezi amabi ( "Gold", "Shmulik" "Joseph"). Ukusuka usapho la bagutyungelwe yombhali iya kuqala eSwitzerland uze eUnited States. Ngoko kuba sisibhadu-Sholem Aleichem. Biography leafs amakhasi.

phesheya

okokuqala ngokuhlala 'elizweni free "Kuza kakuhle. Oku zezibonelelo njengoko eendaba yamaYuda, neencwadi American, ukuthelekisa kunye Mark Twain. Kodwa ngokukhawuleza wayeka. Akumthathi unyaka, linqumamisa ukushicilelwa kwencwadi yayo entsha "Umntwana Motl", yaye umbhali kunye nosapho lwakhe, ukuba abuyele eRashiya.

ezweni

Imali ekhaya apho, yaye umbhali uhamba kunye Ufundo zeencwadi zakhe kweli lizwe. Ngowe-1908, yaphathwa sephepha. Yena uneminyaka engama-25 umsebenzi yoncwadi, yena wayemthanda waza waziswa, kunye nemisebenzi yakhe bakhupha abashicileli.

intlekele Family. Ke amaYuda kulo lonke elo lizwe abakhulisa imali ukuze bathenge amalungelo ukupapashwa iincwadi zakhe. Yinto enokwenzeka, kwaye ke idluliselwe kumbhali. Umbhali abagulayo wathumela eJamani unyango. Apho ke wafumana imfazwe yehlabathi. Yena nentsapho yakhe bathunyelwa eRashiya. Kodwa ngenxa impi ukubuyela akunakwenzeka.

waphinda America

Apha uya kuchitha iminyaka emibini phambi kokufa kwakhe, ndithembe ukuba babuyele kumakhaya abo ukuba wangcwatyelwa ecaleni uyise e Kiev. Uye abazukulwana bekhula. Bel Kaufman, owabhala "Up phantsi IZinyuko" - umzukulwana wakhe, nto leyo eshiya iinkumbulo ezininzi efudumeleyo uyisemkhulu wakhe. Ngowe-1916, i-American kude nekhaya ukufa Sholem Aleichem. Biography, izishwankathelo, yafikelela esiphelweni. Ndimele ndithi ukuba uya kungcwatywa indibano enkulu yabantu phaya emadlakeni eNew York. Kwaye iincwadi zakhe ubomi, funda kunye mdla ngaphantsi kwe ngexesha xa abhalwa.