"Shagreen" Balzac - umzekeliso okanye portrait ixesha kunye noluntu?

Onore De Balzak wamitha wabukhanyisa ubomi isicwangciso phantse onesibindi: ukubhala uthotho iinoveli namabali amafutshane, nto leyo eya kudala umfuziselo zoncwadi waseFransi owayephila. Wabiza indalo engundoqo wobomi bakhe, "The Human Comedy", yi umzekeliso i "Divine Comedy" wabe Aligeri. Umbhali sinethemba lokuba iya kuba njengento ebalulekileyo ngenkulungwane XIX, njengoko umsebenzi sale enkulu bamaXesha Aphakathi. Anthology wayeza kuba imisebenzi 144 ezinxulumene abalinganiswa senguqu, isimbo efanayo kunye nemiba. Kodwa Balzac wakwazi ukubhala 96 kuphela kubo. "Shagreen" (1831) ifakiwe nayo kule mjikelo yaye kwicandelo "zefilosofi Studies" lo.

Le noveli lihlola ukungqubana ngamnye kunye noluntu, leyo yayiyeyona nto ke ngoko iincwadi (umzekelo, Stendhal ngo "Red kunye Black"). Noko ke, intanda sale ncwadi kunye ubuninzi lwamaxabiso zenza kubonakale ngathi ngomzekeliso kunye nentsingiselo enzulu. "Yesikhumba Shagreen", isishwankathelo yoko yamaBhuda ngokwenene kwisigqibo sokuba umnqweno ukubulala, aqhube zonke isithembiso ebalulekileyo: ulonwabo kunokwenzeka ngaphandle "wand wand", oko kufunyanwa uthando lokungazingci kwaye umnqweno ukunika, hayi ukuthatha uze ubambe.

Eyona hero iyintloko yomsebenzi limi Raphael de Valentin, i intshisakalo ompofu abafundileyo. Amuke ukhona umntu elihlwempu kangangeminyaka eliqela kwindawo yokugcina ye ihotele encinane, ungazi ukuba intombi iindwendwe, uPauline, uthando kunye naye. waba nomdla socialite brilliant - sisidwangube Theodora, nangenxa kuyo yaqala ukudlala yekhasino, crazy ukuchitha imali kwizipho, ngoko ke indlela kuphela kukuba ukuze lihlawulwe - ukuzibulala. Iqala i inoveli "shagreen".

Ngenxa yokungabikho iingcamango ngcono, uTshawe kufika kwi venkile antique, oluzuza isiqwenga yesikhumba-esile, kwicala elingemva kuso ulwimi ethile mpuma nombhalo Izihloko: "Xa zavladeesh kum, mna uthatha lilifa kuni. Ndiya kuzizalisa iminqweno yakho, kodwa elowo kubo ndiwanciphise - kwakunye ebomini bakho. Ngoko ke ukulinganisela umnqweno wabo. " Engakholwa kwi ukusebenza ezibhalwayo, uRafael ucinga esibi, uze emva koko udibana nabahlobo bakhe, wamcela ukuba asele. Ukhangela emhlabeni iikhonto of mascot yayo ucinga ngainki bafumane ubutyebi enkulu. Ngentsasa elandelayo igqwetha uxelela lowo in India ukufa kayisekazi waza wayalela abaselula de Valantenu yonke imali yabo eninzi. Rafael ifikelela epokothweni yakhe encothula isipho of Antiquities. isikhumba Shagreen ahlehle ubukhulu!

Ibali elandelayo isombulula ngokukhawuleza: ukukholelwa ukusebenza khubalo, uRafael uzama ukulahla inkanuko. Kodwa ngempazamo ndalahlelwa ibinzana lwembeko "Akwaba ulonwabo", zokuthanda umfazi uyabathanda kwaye umnqweno kukuphumelela umdlalo ngokukhawuleza kuchaswa yi imihla yakhe. Shagreen wahlehla, akukho imifuniselo emzimbeni akakwazi ukuyeka le nkqubo. Ekugqibeleni, uTshawe uyafa kwikhaya lakhe obutofotofo esandleni uPauline, omthandayo ngaphandle imiqondiso abaye.

Kubonakala ukuba wonke umsebenzi - umzekeliso malunga iminqweno avuthayo emphefumlweni, uphawu leyo isebenza shagreen. Uhlalutyo style inoveli nangoku ibonisa ukuba Balzac isebenza ngendlela yokubalisa kwaye bakucaphukele ke ababelawula ngaphambi of romanticism, ababhali ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX, usebenzisa iinkcukacha eziyinyani kakhulu, kunye ukwakhiwa nemibala kunye neguquguqukayo. Hero ubalisa ibali yokwaphuka oluthile ukuze wonke umntu ozaziyo izinto qoqosho nopolitiko ekupheleni French wokulawula uLouis XVI, esitsho engathandabuzi ukuchana amazwi akhe. Ukunyaniseka kwale ncwadi, nangona ibali kwamnandi, wamthwalisa phakathi imisebenzi emihle ngokoqobo yamandulo.