Sezulu Arctic. Nature and ice Arctic

Arctic nguye kummandla wejografi boMhlaba, leyo ezikufutshane kwipali esentla. Amanzi indawo kwisithili iquka izabelo amanzi zonke elwandle ngaphandle i Indiya. Kwakhona kule ndawo physical-geographical iquka ilayini lwezwekazi North America nakwamanye amazwe aphesheya. Xa ndawo, i-Arctic ephethe malunga 27 ezigidi yezikwere. km. emazantsi kwindawo ephantsi kumathafa ivaleke.

Izilwanyana nezityalo

sezulu Arctic yaziwa ngokuba namandla aso. Yiyo loo nto kule ndawo flora imelwe moss, ingca, ulele kunye ukhula zengca. Apha, iqondo elisezantsi, nkqu ehlotyeni. Oku kubangela ukuba loo iintlobo owayenomgutyana izihluma. Kwi-Arctic akukho imithi okanye nemisipres, kuphela amatyholo etyumke ubudoda. Uninzi ilizwe kuthatha iyintlango engenabomi. Isityalo eneentyatyambo kuphela i poppy polar.

Ihlabathi isilwanyana kancinci osisityebi ngakumbi kwiintlobo. Apha niphile, nomvundla, kunye amaxhama zasendle, ezibandayo neebhere. Abameli ezinqabileyo zezilo imvu bighorn kunye inkomo must, kwakunye Hamster encinane ezinoboya, lemming. Kwezi carnivores ungahlula iingcuka kunye iimpungutye. amabhere bakhetha inyama kwezilwanyana zaselwandle iintlanzi. Ukongeza, ikhaya weasels, wolverines, nokuzeka kade ezinomsila nomatse komhlaba kummandla arctic. Uninzi iintaka yokulala emathafeni. Amaninzi, oku iintlobo zifuduka. Amanzi Arctic kuhlala walruses kunye lamatywina, narwhals, iminenga ukutya, iminenga umbulali kunye neminenga ikhamisile.

ukufunda iqondo lobushushu

Enye kwezona ndawo ebandayo kunye nekhephu zehlabathi kucingwa le Arctic. Ehlotyeni apha neze ubushushu ngentla degrees zero. Kule ndawo, kukho imali eseleyo radiation eliphantsi. Kugcwele ezihambayo, ikhephu entlango, utyani emathafeni.

Ebusika, inyanga zikhuthazayo January. Iqondo avareji kwi Arctic, eli xesha Ibanga izidanga phakathi -2 kunye -5. kumanzi akufuphi are iqatsela kakhulu emoyeni. KuLwandle Barents ubushushu ngu -25 degrees C, eGreenland kunye Chukotka - ukuya -36 ° C, Canadian kunye Siberian Basin - phantsi degrees -50 C. Iintlawulo usezantsi kuvandlakanywa kwindawo yomntla ndawo. Apho, amaqondo badla degrees -60. sezulu Arctic Ungalutshintsha nanini na umzuzu wabulela ngokutyhoboza iinkanyamba ezinzulu eshushu. Kulo mzekelo, ubushushu inyuswe kwi 7-10 degrees C. ehlotyeni, amazinga aphezulu ezi-2 ... + 3 degrees C.

okungahambi sezulu

Iimpawu zemozulu indawo glacial kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo angamakhulu abanamava okunzulu ebonakalayo. Sinokuthi ukuba imozulu Arctic iyatshintsha. Le yingxaki jikelele isikali ukuba akukho sisombululo.

Kule minyaka 600 idlulileyo iye wabona ezazimalunga nesithandathu ukufudumala ebalulekileyo, nto leyo echaphazela ngqo ehlabathini lonke. Ebudeni ezinjalo nokunyuka zemozulu nga ilandelwe cataclysms zehlabathi enokwenzakalisa zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba imozulu Arctic kuchaphazela isantya njengokujikeleza yomhlaba kunye ejikeleza komoya jikelele. Izazinzulu ziqikelela ukuba jump zemozulu kakhulu kwindawo glacial kufuneka kwenzeka ngo-2030. Nkqu mpembelelo incinane kuya kubaluleka ukuba umhlaba. Isibakala sokuba ukufunda iqondo lobushushu kwi Arctic ukuvuka ngokuthe ngcembe kunyaka ngamnye. Kwaye ke Dynamics utshintsho kwinkulungwane edluleyo liye landa ngokuphindwe-2. Okuye ebukhali iya kukhokelela ekutshabalaleni zonke iintlobo zezityalo kunye nabameli ezininzi zezilo kule ngingqi.

Uhlobo Arctic

amanzi Uncedo - owahlukeneyo, gnarly. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ithala le ziqithi, ibekwe ecaleni elwandle ezifana kuLwandle Barents, i Chukchi, Laptev, Kara kunye Siberian. ukudandatheka kakhulu ngundoqo Arctic isitya - ngaphezulu kwe-5.5 km. Ngokumalunga lizwe mphandle, ikakhulu tyaba.

Uhlobo Arctic inee- kwemithombo yendalo. Okokuqala, ukuba oyile negesi. Kwi-Arctic, ezingaphuhliswanga ezi mali omkhulu wamandla. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabemi lokuqala Iingcali, kukho ezingaphezu kwama-90 ezigidi emilambo yeoli. Nangona kunjalo, lo nokusengwa kwemithombo yobutyebi kule ngingqi kunzima kakhulu. Ukongeza, le nkqubo iyingozi ngokwembono kwimekobume yelizwe jikelele. Kwimeko i omkulu oyile ukuze kupheliswe yengozi phantse akunakwenzeka ngenxa kwamaza eziphakamileyo, kwazo ezininzi nenkungu ashinyeneyo.

Arctic ice

Njengoko yaziwa, amanzi kule ngingqi waphuphuma kwazo ezahlukeneyo ngobukhulu. Noko ke, amanzi Arctic, ezi-ebizwa ngokuba kukho ice ikepusi, nto leyo ebonakalisa ezininzi kwelanga. Kungenxa yoko le nto planethi na ukuzifudumeza kwiqondo lobushushu ezibalulekileyo.

Nathi ngokuzithemba sichaze ukuba umkhenkce Arctic lidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ubukho zonke eziphilayo emhlabeni. Ukongeza, ziyayilawula lokuhamba kwamanzi elwandle. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba kwiminyaka engama-25 edlulileyo, umkhenkce Arctic Sehle kwiikota ezintathu ubunzima iyonke. Namhlanje, cap lugubungela yonke yezigidi 5.1 square metres. km. Nangona kunjalo, oku ngokwaneleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umhlaba lo, Akazifudumeza kunye ngaphezulu ngokukhawuleza qho ngonyaka.

Deadband wawahlula

Kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi, i-Arctic yayigqalwa intsimi ongazaliyo apho abantu abanakuphila iintsuku ezimbalwa. Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha, le ntsomi kuye kwaphela. Ngenkulungwane ye-16 ngenxa yokuba ixesha-ithuba mission, leyo kuthwalelwa phandle umntu bamazwe Russian, imaphu yokuqala Arctic Ocean sele yenziwe. Ngowe-1937, i-Arctic amaqela iinqwelo Baydukova kunye Chkalov zaqhutywa.

Namhlanje, kule ngingqi kukho ezininzi izikhululo uhamba kwi ice floes. Izakhiwo kungenelela a izindlu encinane izixhobo zophando polar ezizodwa.