Rotko Mark. Mizobo kwi indlela expressionism abstract

art Abstract, ukupeyinta non-Injongo ayikwazi ukuba uhlalutyo abandayo ziingcathu. Ubuchule wegcisa njengoko Rothko, uMarko, ogama imizobo ziqulathe akukho ndawana izinto zehlabathi lokwenene - ubugcisa abstract ngohlobo olulo ecocekileyo. I-logic ukukhangelwa izifaniso yesiqhelo kusengaphazamisana kwimbono kumboniseli endleleni Rothko elithi, afune leyo umzobi sele iwupasisile indlela ende kwaye kunzima.

Fumana indlela yakho

UMarkus Yakovlevich Rotkovich wazalwa ngo-1903 kwidolophu kwiphondo Dvinsk Vitebsk (ngoku Daugavpils Latvian). Emva kweminyaka eli-10, intsapho yakhe bafuduka eMelika, kwaye kwafuneka ukuba lusizi ngenxa yeentlupheko ezininzi zobomi. Akazange ngokukhawuleza ukufumana indlela yabo ebomini, ngempazamo wawela ndlela yokuluka. Kwi-imi- 30-40 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, kwaba US yaba liziko avant-garde art - apha babenyanzelwa ngaphandle artists abstract amazwe loozwilakhe of Europe.

Ngowe-1938 umzobi lafumana Rotko Mark igama. Le mizobo yale xesha, wadala nefuthe cubofuturists Mark Weber (1881-1961) kunye surrealist Arshile Gorky (1904-1948). Fumana indlela yakho kwi-Rothko bathabatha ixesha elide. Ke kwachithwa ixesha yenzondelelo kunye yokomfuziselo ukupeyinta: zabantu cityscapes ( "Mfazi zokuthunga", 1935, "Xa engaphantsi," 1938). mibala Surreal umsebenzi wakhe lwandiswa ngokurhuqa iingcamango ezintsha bulumko: umdla zingqondweni, ukuze ihlabathi elingaphakathi umntu, ukuba automatism eli binzana iimvakalelo kunye nangeengcinga.

Okokuqala, ixesha of the Great Depression, ngoko ke umbono lwe imfazwe elitsha ihlabathi udale umoya ekuhlaleni walahlekelwa apho yezinto zemveli. Umculi ifuna inkxaso kwizifundo wentsomi ( "Antigone", 1941, "intaka oluneqela elinegunya", 1945), kwaye ke kuziwa umzobo ngokupheleleyo non-njongo.

Ekubeni 50 kwangethuba ekugqibeleni kwakhiwa simanga obugcisa afana Rothko. UMarko, imifanekiso bawo ababini okanye abathathu uxande parallel emxinwa, wafumana indlela yakhe. Ukupeyinta emasimini umbala - inkcazelo enjalo bafumana ukugxekwa indlela Rothko.

A ifomu elula izinto ezintsonkothileyo

Le artist ngokwakhe akazange ungathanda ukuchaza umfanekiso wakhe kwaye Akazange ayinyamezele xa abanye benza. Akazange azame ukutyhila isicwangciso, ngoko, xa kwiiholo le lwembali, nto leyo efuziselwa Mark Rothko - imizobo kunye namagama ngohlobo inani lezibuko ne nomhla wendalo.

Wayengakwazi sivumele ngokuba abstractionist, kuba wacinga imizobo yakhe ibonisa ubomi benene, izinto eziphilayo, efuna ukuqhagamshelana kunye nabaphulaphuli.

Kakubi, yena wayevela uluvo ngokwam njengomzobi - "colourist", nangona wayesoloko wasebenza ngokusondeleyo umbala, nkqu zombala ngesandla ngokuhlikihla, ekufezekiseni scheme umbala ezifunwayo kunye nemvakalo. Okubaluleke kukholelwa umlinganiselo wobunzima kwaye umthamo iibloko ezibumba nokubunjwa kwayo.

Painting efana theatre

Xa kwasebuncinaneni bakhe, Rothko wayefuna ukwenza nzulu kwimizobo sedrama, yaye phantse waya eklasini elibambeleyo. kwayo kwakhe udla ngokuba iidrama, kwaye kulula ukuba banga intle. Oku kuchaza enye inkalo yempembelelo lwemizobo Rothko phezu kubaphulaphuli.

Ezininzi ziye zaphawula ukuba inxaxheba enkulu kwisithuba yokudweba. Ukungakhuseleki imisebenzi umzobi wakhetha nasekuzeni ngumntu, phantse ngorhatya. A banga apho kucetyiswa ukuba ukubukela imifanekiso Rothko eliqingqwe intshi 18 (45 cm). Ngenxa imida lokungcangcazela olubonakalayo iibhloko anemibala, ukuba ukungafani na ukutyabeka ipeyinti (badla multi-sixhobo sekhombuya), kungachazwa lubandakanywe nezenzo imifanekiso eshukumayo isithuba nzulu, isishiya iimvakalelo luphuhle.

Rothko Chapel

Kubaluleke kangakanani ukuba igcisa ukupeyinta intlangano isithuba kunye neendlela abayibona ngayo ngemizobo yakhe, ungabona ukususela kwimbali yomsebenzi wakhe kuyilo kwigumbi yeCawa kwi-Institute eHouston inkolo. mzobo Huge zaveza ukuba Wena mboni, ibekwe kwindawo eyenzelwe ngokuthathela ingqalelo iminqweno Rothko. UMarko, ogama imizobo kulo mzekelo, phantse ezinombala, bathatha inxaxheba kuyilo kunye nokukhanya kwelo gumbi.

Church, inxalenye leyo ecaweni, asisiso inkolo ethile, nikusingele phantsi kuThixo. Ukucamngca, iqembu kwi imeko yehlabathi ezalise holo libe kunye umthombo wokukhanya ibekwe kule nkundla. Kule holo, wazimisa uMarko Rothko ukupeyinta. Photo ubonisa oko nomvakalelo womoya onamandla uye kuzichanaba.

Indlela elide ukuze kwaziwe

iimeko zokuphila Personal wegcisa akulula. iminyaka emininzi ubuhlwempu, ukungabikho ukholo kwabantu ekufuphi italente yakhe baphenjelelwa kakhulu kuye, ngoko ke umsebenzi Mark Rothko aluyiyo nethemba. Nkqu nokwakhiwa iibhloko eziqaqambileyo kunye nemibala efudumeleyo achukumisa iimvakalelo ezinamandla olukhulu. Ibinzana le ntlekele ebomini kuluntu kwaye wonke umntu kuthiwa mxholo wegcisa.

Ukufa umfanekiso wokugqibela

Ngasekupheleni 60, beza udumo, imali, kodwa ziyimfumba ukugula, iingxaki zentsapho. February 25, 1970 igcisa bazibulala ngenxa ezisika mithambo. Mark Rothko - imifanekiso, iifoto kunye sayizalisa-ndaba neemagazini - zisayiniwe iqhekeza lokugqibela yakhe ...

Kuthiwa ukuba akayi sinokucinga indlela imizobo yakhe nathengwa nje nohombisoa wangaphakathi. Emva kweminyaka emibini kwi ukuze yokutyela kuyabiza kakhulu eNew York, Rothko labuya kwangaphambili kwaye wala ukusebenza xa kuqaliswa ukuhlafuna sisityebi, ikrwaqula panel yakhe.

ukuqokelelwa sihle kweli hlabathi taka ayikwazi bacinge ngaphandle imifanekiso, ayibhala Mark Rothko. "Orange, Red, Mthubi", "Centre White" - ezi imizobo zihlawulwa kwi kwifandesi izigidi zeerandi. La manani ingakumbi useza abemi, ngubani babone amabala kuphela okudodobalisa mnyama, ungazihluphi ukuthatha njengenyathelo iingcamango ezintsha kunye neemvakalelo. Nendlela inkululeko eninzi, indlela benhliziyo umntu kunye umculi?