Isishwankathelo Statistical - yintoni na le nto? Process neentlobo

Isishwankathelo Statistical - olu lulwazi malunga inani unit isifundo esinye okuluphawu macala ezahlukeneyo. Yamkelani emva kokuba inyathelo lokuqala uviwo. Iziphumo iingxelo zamanani eziveliswa gabalala systematization lwezibonisi ezichongiweyo kwinkqubo mkhanya.

inani

Summary (group) izinto manani ikuvumela ukuba ufumane iimpawu kunye neempawu nakuluntu ngokubanzi, kunye nokuchonga iindawo ezahlukeneyo, ukufumana iipateni acazululwe iinkqubo zoqoqosho, ezentlalo kunye nezimo. systematization ezinjalo - isishwankathelo umbandela zaseprayimari manani.

izigaba yomsebenzi

manani Isishwankathelo kunye yeqoqo ibandakanya izigaba ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Emva kokuba uhlalutyo lokuqala luyenziwa processing lweziphumo ezifunyenwe, injongo kukufumana ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga nenkqubo phantsi sifundo okanye ngumkhuba ngeempawu ezithile.

isishwankathelo Statistical - na isiphumo afunyenwe emva processing of ulwazi yokuqala. Oku kuquka utshintsho ukusuka data eziphathekayo ukuya ulwazi malunga iipateni kunye neempawu eziqhelekileyo, leyo ezendeleyo kule nkqubo okanye lonke isenzeko.

Njani na isishwankathelo manani? Amanyathelo ukuze sibe nokumiliselwa zilandelayo:

• ulawulo apha; apha ikhangelwe ekhoyo malunga isenzeko (inkqubo) data;
• Ukusasazwa iimpawu ezithile Kwiimpawu zonke;
• indalo ngenxa lwezibonisi manani ezikhoyo ze table.

Izenzo ezinjalo ziyafuneka ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi esikhutshwe ngohlobo misebenzi kunikwa uludwe lwamanani, yayicacile kwaye kulula ukuyifunda.

ngezigaba

Cinga iintlobo eziphambili iingxelo zamanani. Anikezele elula kunye nemilo enzima. Ulwazi units ngamnye ushwankathelwa xa iyonke, hayi ukulahlula libe ngeentlobo eyohlobo olulodwa.

Isiphelo kuya kubangela ukuba isishwankathelo elula manani okukhona post-unyango lo mbandela. Ukongeza, ukuba unalo ixabiso ethile kwaye ifundisa.

Amanqaku izibalo ezilula

Simple Isishwankathelo statistical - inqubo linxulunyaniswa ekubaleni data yamaqela kunye nesishwankathelo kubungakanani units lokuqaphela, kwakunye nobhaliso ngemathiriyeli kwiitheyibhile. Unga sebenzisa oku ukuba ukuchonga inani leeyunithi zihlalutywe kunye, baqonde scope ukunyanga iimpawu, kodwa musa ukuba ingcamango iyonke zihlalutywe kunye.

izibalo Kakhulu

Esi sishwankathelo statistical - loo nto ngokwaphula inkcazelo othunyelweyo kwi kumaqela ngamnye eyohlobo olulodwa. Ukusebenza amanani ukubala eyahlukileyo ngamnye kubo. Enye ihlaziya phezu yonke zizo. Ukusebenzisa azihlole ekuLunyukisiweyo ngazo zinakho ukuqhutywa isifundo eneenkcukacha isifundo okanye into, ukuchonga yeempawu abe negalelo kuwo, ukufumanisa iimpawu kunye neepatheni labantu zihlalutywe.

Esi sishwankathelo manani kunye nokwahlula ngokwamaqela ezi imisebenzi enzima ezinxulumene iiyunithi nokwabiwa ingqalelo analyte inkqubo zentlalo okanye ezoqoqosho (ngumkhuba) ngokwamaqela ahlukeneyo.

Ngaphezu koko, lenzelwe ukuba ukudala inkqubo ethile parameters, nge apho kuya kubakho uphawu maqela, nomnye wamcacisela ekuthethwa ngezenzeko, kokuchaza inani leeyunithi ngamnye kubo, kwakunye neziphumo ukusekwa misebenzi kunikwa uludwe lwamanani. Ngenxa uhlalutyo ithiyori ezipheleleyo umxholo kunye nohlobo iinkqubo kunye neziphumo kwaye enze isishwankathelo epheleleyo manani kunye nesevisi.

iingxelo ngazo ngokubanzi

Isishwankathelo lokuqaphela manani uthatha nokuchaneka kunye nokunyaniseka kweziphumo.

Le nkqubo kwaye isicwangciso esi sifundo iqulethe sengigqi amaqela apho zizo zonke imigqaliselo zihlalutywe. Kuxhomekeka isicelo iingxelo zamanani, inkqubo ethile ikhethiwe.

Oku kubandakanya la manyathelo alandelayo:

• choice iqela uphawu ukuyila iinkqubo eyohlobo olulodwa;
• eqingqa inani lamaqela kunye umyalelo nokudaleka;
• Ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo izikhombisi manani ukulungiselela iimviwo injongosenzi kunye nobuninzi lwamaqela;
• nokudalwa layout misebenzi kunikwa uludwe lwamanani ukufumana ulwazi lokugqibela.

Iimpawu yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo iingxelo

Isishwankathelo-manani sikhatshwa ngokuzoba up isicwangciso sayo ukuphunyezwa. Zikholelwa ulwazi ixesha, algorithm, indlela iingxelo, kwakunye beqonga. Qiniseka ukuba ucacise imigaqo kunye indlela eza ngokusesikweni ngumgqaliselo weenkcukacha-manani. iqela Isishwankathelo yahlulwe iinketho ndawonye kunye amagunya.

Le ukhetho yesibini ibandakanya Yindibanisela lolwazi, xa uphando kwenziwa ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi kwi leri solawulo, nako kuthwalelwa phandle kuzo zonke izigaba processing eneenkcukacha. Oku kwenziwa entsimini, oko emsebenzini. Ingcaciso engaphezulu kuza ofisi zamanani ezisebenza kwilizwe kwisifundo ngasinye. Apho ke luyasetyenzwa ithunyelwe Russian manani State Committee. Kuphela koko bafumana iitotali ukuba imeko yentlalo noqoqosho kweli lizwe.

Esi sishwankathelo esembindini manani inikeza indlela, ebandakanya uyondelelwano lwee- yonke idatha ekrwada ezifunyenwe ngethuba lokwenza uphando-manani, ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni umbutho omnye.

Kuxhomekeka nokuphunyezwa iteknoloji le, isishwankathelo kunokuba manual yaye imishini, ezibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweekhompyutha.

Ucalulo kunye namaqela abantu

Ngenxa division kwinzululwazi-based ngokwamaqela, ungenza kwizigqibo ngokupheleleyo kwaye zichanekile malunga lwabantu ekujoliswe kubo, ngokunjalo neenkqubo eziqhubekayo.

Kakuhle eli qela lwazi yayigqalwa ngokweenkcukacha isebenza V. I. Lenina. Wabonisa ukuba eliCebisayo manani idinga uhlalutyo olubanzi kwezentlalo noqoqosho izenzakalo umbuzo.

Ngokwamaqela variable kufuneka ilingane imisebenzi kwenziwa uphando lwezibalo. Kuxhomekeka ukuchaneka abazikhethele zona, uyakwazi ukubona iintlobo zentlalo noqoqosho nesenzeko zihlalutywe. Njengoko ngumzekelo oqaqambileyo amaqela enjalo ingqalelo umsebenzi wakhe, nto leyo ehambisana kunye nophuhliso capitalism eRashiya.

Oku ngoncedo kumaqela zamanani yokufunda epheleleyo ngazo zinakho ukuqhutywa. Amaqela yohlobo olunye ngokusekelwe ukwahlulwa ibe ngamaqela ahlukeneyo okanye edibanisa abantu statistical bafunda ngeeyunithi ngokudibene kufuneka iimpawu ezithile.

Types of yeqoqo statistical

Xa isicelo wayo, uyakwazi ukwenza le misebenzi ilandelayo:

• bonisa iintlobo zentlalo nezoqoqosho ngezenzeko;
• izenzakalo ukufunda isakhiwo kunye nabo utshintsho ezifumaneka kuzo;
• interdependencies Ukukhetha kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwezinto kunye neempawu, leyo ebonakala.

Zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kumaqela manani? Typological bathi abemi bomzi, enjengaleyo ngokwamaqela variable. Njengoko imizekelo lwayo kuchazwe iqela ilizwe uhlobo ubunini. Kwiqela typological sinikele ingqalelo eyodwa kukhetho nokuchonga kweentlobo. Ukuze ukwakha iqela typological, sebenzisa iimpawu kunye nemigangatho yazo.

Isethi nezici attributive ezinxulumene ulwabiwo inani lamaqela ukutshatisa inani ncakasana ngamaqondo eyantlukwano, ngemigangatho ye uphawu elinikiweyo. Ingxaki yokumisela maxesha amaqela typological ingqwalasela ngokuthi ibanike imida siphangaleleyo apho analyte nesenzeko Izakutshintsha umgangatho okhoyo, zuza iipropati ezintsha.

Xa kudweliswe typological inani lamaqela ugqitywa inani lweentlobo ezikhoyo zentlalo-qoqosho. Bona enxulumene isakhiwo, ukwakheka, Ukwahluka iimpawu moiety noshowo kude kangaka. Umzekelo, eli qela eqhutywe ziqu of bonke abasebenzi yokugcina.

Ixabiso yeqoqo statistical

Umsebenzi iqela manani uphando kunye nokuchongwa lobudlelane phakathi iimpawu ngamnye labantu manani. Ukusombulula ingxaki enjalo akhande amaqela yokwakheka. Amvumela ukuba ukuchonga interdependencies kunye nobudlelwane phakathi iimpawu yacazululwa lwentlalo-qoqosho kunye nezimo. Zonke iimpawu kwi manani zohlulwa ngokwendidi nemveliso factor. I yangaphambili ziquka ezo ukutshintsha phantsi kwempembelelo variables factor. Kwaye silindele ukuba iimpembelelo zotshintsho iimpawu kakuhle.

Umsebenzi ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokwakha amaqela okuhlalutya ke kukhethwe inani lamaqela, leyo kwaphulwa ibe iseti leeyunithi phantsi koqwalaselo zokufunda kunye nokuqwalaselwa nemida yazo kuvunyelwe phantsi.

Uphononongo lwe ngezenzeko entsonkothileyo kwezoqoqosho nezentlalo kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa maqela indibanisela. Kufuneka bachonge inani elaneleyo leembono, kuphela Kule meko kungenzeka ukuba ukwakha result ethembekileyo.

Ukuze ufumane izinto ekusetyenzisweni indawo yacazululwa iqela yoyilo. Kuxhomekeka ulwazi kubantu, kukho ezi ndidi manani alandelayo:

• lokuqala, wadala ngokusekelwe kolwazi yokuqala afunyenwe kuhlolo-manani;
• aphakamileyo, yona le zibangelwa kuyondelelaniswe okanye ulwahlulo ngamaqela.

zabo zokwakha

Ukwenzela ukwakha iindidi manani, khetha inkalo ethile. Emva koko khetha inani lamaqela, ukuphuhlisa wokuhlangana kubo, ngoko ukulungisa imida yayo. Iqela ngalinye siquka ukuyazi izalathisi ezithile okanye isixa kwabo, ukuze babe nako ukuchaza ngokupheleleyo amaqela isifundo. Kukhetho lo msebenzi loo ngokwaneleyo ngumcimbi onobuzaza kakhulu yaye ebalulekileyo kwisifundo manani. Ukuba ichaphazela ukuwa liyunithi kwiqela elithile. Izigqibo ukuba zenziwe emva kokugqitywa kuhlalutyo, oko kuxhomekeke ngqo kwi isici yeqoqo.

isiphelo

izifundo zestathistiki lubonisa kakhulu kwaye ngendlela imifuniselo, nentetho equkayo, izigqibo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba aqhube uhlalutyo kokuqala eneenkcukacha kakuhle kwezoqoqosho yombutho, yaye kuphela ngokusekelwe zophando iziphumo bakhangele ukuba iindlela zokusombulula iingxaki ezichongiweyo.

Ngenxa yobunzima meko ngoku iphuhliswe kurhwebo lwasekhaya, uphando-manani kunye nohlalutyo efumaneke ukubaluleka ekhethekileyo kunye nokufaneleka. Ukuqhuba izibalo zeenkcukacha yacwangciswa manani mihla sebenzisa ubuchule ezizodwa.

Ngokomzekelo, xa bucala amaqela abantu ekujoliswe kulo uphawu othile, isicelo ungenza isigqibo malunga ngokufaneleka komsebenzi yenkampani, ifuthe layo kunye nokusebenza. Luphando manani uyakwazi ukufumana ulwazi zonke parameters yento efundwayo. features Factor kuchaphazela iimpawu into, ngenxa kubo lungafumaneka kwi kwinqanaba lokuqala isigqibo.

Kwibakala ebalulekileyo kuphando zamanani na umbutho yenkqubo idatha engumthombo, ezo zifunyenwe njengoko kusakhelwa. Iingcali abazibandakanya imveliso evela amashishini yeziphumo, wenziwe gabalala, ukunika ulwazi ulungele amagunya azo kunye nabasemagunyeni.

Isishwankathelo owenza eThintelweyo, yiseti kweenkqubo ezinokusetyenziswa ukwenza iimpawu ngabanye isenzeko ukuba avavanywe ukumisa iimpawu zesifundo okanye ngezenzeko kuchaphazela indlela yophuhliso ngokusebenzisa izikhombisi manani.

Ngaphambi kokuba adale iingxelo zokugqibela, manani kungqinisiswe ulwazi olunikiweyo kubo. Umzekelo, ngokusekelwe ingcaciso eyanikwa ziintloko zamaziko emfundo, wakha iwonga izikolo rating. Ukuze kusetyeniswe ngokukuko isiphumo liyinyaniso, hayi Dummies kuphela ukuyisebenzisa ukwakha ulwazi evela kwiinqununu iitafile, kodwa ashwankathele uphando wacela abazali, alumni, abafundi. izifundo ezifanayo olwenziwe entsimini yamayeza, ukubonisa ngempumelelo kunye nomgangatho wenkonzo karhulumente, ukuchonga inqanaba yobonelelo ngeenkonzo zonyango kubemi. Kutshanje, izishwankathelo manani asetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Ukongezelela kuphononongwe ukusebenza kwamashishini amakhulu, isifundo efanayo kwenziwa kwinqanaba loluntu, ukuba ukujonga iinkampani kakuhle kunye nemibutho.