Roots-izixhaso: imisebenzi nemizekelo

Le flora yeplanethi yethu zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha flora bagwayimbile izixhobo zayo, yinto eningenakukholwa yiyo leyo akhiwa bavumelane neemeko zokusingqongileyo. Abanye babo wabetha i imibala emangalisayo eqaqambileyo kwaye ezintle, abanye - iziqhamo aqholiweyo futhi limnandi, eyesithathu wothuka amagqabi ezingaqhelekanga.

Phakathi kwawo kukho abo baye kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukwenza uhlobo olulodwa ezingcanjini. Njengoko yaziwa, umzimba - phantse kakhulu ezibalulekileyo kakhulu kwesityalo. Apha sijonga omnye umzekelo omhle, amehlo awayeno- kwaye original kakhulu iintlobo zengcambu.

amalungu kwezityalo kwezityalo

Ngokubanzi, ukunika impendulo naziphi izityalo ezisentlabathini multicellular, umi ngaphandle siseko wayo iindawo ezimbalwa ezisisiseko zesakhiwo.

1. Inxalenye ngentla-komhlaba. Eliquka Escape kuquka isiqu, amagqabi kunye neentyatyambo (benefits kwixesha elizayo).
2. Ingxenye komhlaba. Yandlalwa yi iingcambu kunye zonke iindawo ezinxulumene zesakhiwo.

Zonke izityalo arhente adweliswe kuthiwa yawo, okt ukuba ukuthatha inxaxheba ukuzala ngokwesondo. I ingcambu yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo amalungu la omzimba, njengoko wenza ezahlukeneyo kakhulu, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba imisebenzi zezityalo. Yahlula phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo iinkqubo iingcambu, kwakunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo iingcambu ngokwabo (yokuphefumla, , nezixhaso iingcambu, ndisawula kwaye njalo njalo).

Iintlobo lweenkqubo ingcambu

Oko yahlulwe kumacandelo alo kwinkqubo ingcambu iphela kwisityalo. Ngoko ke, ukukhululwa:

• Ingcambu engundoqo - lowo ezikhandelwa ukusuka meristem apical wandigcina kuyo esebenzayo ubomi (ukutsho oko, i ingcambu okuye mda). Lubonakala yi geotropism ezakhayo - ukukwazi ukuqhelanisa ukukhula ukuya kumbindi womhlaba phantsi.
• iingcambu ezikhaphayo - abo akhiwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwisityalo, iingcambu ubudala, amagqabi, iziqu, njalo-njalo. Umzekelo -props iingcambu, iingcambu ezonga izityalo epiphytic kunye nabanye.
• Lateral - lawo branched ngesixa esikhulu okanye omncinane engundoqo kunye na isincedisi, ukwakha kunye nabo inkqubo ingcambu olunye uhlobo oluthile.

Ngokunxulumene yokubonisa uhlobo oluthile iingcambu 2 Kucingelwa ukuba ukhankanye iintlobo zabo ezisisiseko.

1. Betha iingcambu - nje lolona yingcambu engundoqo, kwaye osecaleni ezikhaphayo kuphela (inkoliso abameli kwiklasi bipartite).
2. Ezinezikhondo - xa kungekho umqolo engundoqo libizwe. Bonke ndawonye - engundoqo, osecaleni kunye ezikhaphayo - silnovetvyaschiysya ibe inyanda enye zezingxoxo. Okunye kuxhaphakile monocots.

umdla omkhulu kakhulu iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo nengcambu. Omnye kubo nje iingcambu-izixhaso, imisebenzi kunye nemizekelo apho zichazwe ngezantsi.

Yintoni na iingcambu-nezixhaso?

Oku iingcambu ezizodwa kakhulu ezikhaphayo ukuba zenze esiqwini sesityalo. Ngenxa yoko, iingcambu-izixhaso - kodwa hayi isakhiwo engundoqo naphantsi. Kananjalo luphawulwa geotropism ezintle, kunye ingcambu engundoqo.

izityalo wenza ukuba isixhobo eso, ngokuba banyan. Ziye ke kuthathwa ukuba babe kwilizwe labo lasekhaya (India, kwelaseAsiya, amazwe afumileyo) kubaluleke kakhulu yaye ezingcwele. Ngaphandle engaqhelekanga kakhulu ubukhulu zonke inemvelaphi kumndilili besukelana amashumi eziliqela, okanye amakhulu leemitha. Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba iingcambu ezinjalo ibunjwe-kwideskithophu. Imisebenzi yazo ebalulekileyo izityalo.

Imisebenzi iingcambu ezinjalo

1. izithuthi eyongezelelweyo ngamanzi kunye neetyuwa.
2. Xhasa umsebenzi nitrogen ngcono kwaye nokomeleza izityalo emhlabeni.
3. Ukufakwa esikhulu indawo yokukhula wabulela phambili zonke izakhiwo adnexal.

Roots-backup umsebenzi enze ukholo lwabo elungileyo. Izityalo ukuba iimpawu ezinjalo, kodwa jonga engaqhelekanga kakhulu kwaye obukholekayo uthabathe emahlathini emvula indawo enkulukazi isithuba.

Roots-izixhaso: imizekelo nezityalo eziluhlaza

Ubuninzi olu hlobo kwezityalo libhekisela ficus. Eli lizwe uyakhula kubo - India, apho yonke into ingqalelo banyan engcwele yaye baye ukhuseleko ngamandla nokunyamekela phezu inxalenye yomntu.

Umzekelo, Indian ficus, nokuba ligama Latin Ficus elastika, kwindalo na umthi omkhulu kakhulu (ukuya kwi-30 m) ezinkulu eluhlaza dark ushiya elimbhoxo ziyakhazimla ezintle. Iingcambu-zedrama Its imisebenzi enze yonke enye: inkxaso kwi luzimisele, zifake ummandla kunye nokufumana amandla eliphezulu. Le isityalo zikhula ubungakanani Ashera encinane.

igumbi analogu

Kuye uhlobo igumbi Ficus elastika elide. Oku sisityalo imbiza encinane loo nto okwentyatyambo, uxatyiswa ngenxa ubuhle, amagqabi ayo nohlaza ezenziwe enkulu. Ngokuba kuye, zonke iimeko ziye zadalwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba ikhaya akufuneki ukuba athobele umsebenzi wabo iingcambu-backup. Nezityalo olu hlobo nje ezizo.

Ficus bengalensis (Ficus Bengal)

Ummeli yeqela izityalo kuthathwa umthi ixesha elide. Ummeli indala kwama 3,000 eminyaka yokuphila! Le umthi omkhulu kakhulu eziphakamileyo, ngoxa ubomi kweengcambu-izixhaso kwakheka. umsebenzi wabo sikuko ukufunxeka zezulu, ukufuma kunye ukuguqulwa emva luzimisele kwezi ntsika axhasayo.

Olu hlobo of ficus kungenzeka amakhulu iingcambu ezikhaphayo lobomi evumela ukuba ahlale ummandla weehektare-2. amagqabi awo mancinane kakhulu, ukuya kwi-20 cm ubude. Yeziqhamo - imphathe ayithandayo zeentaka kunye ezinye iinkawu.

Abantu bafunda ukuba zihlwayelwa njani izityalo ngeenjongo zokuhomba, ngoko, kummandla epholileyo kwaye ingafunyanwa nayo ngohlobo yokwehla amaxesha amaninzi potting up.

Ficus zenkolo (Ficus religiosa)

Kukho olunye uhlobo ficus, akha iingcambu-nezixhaso. Imizekelo imithi ezinjalo kunokubonwa endaweni yawo yemvelo - in India kunye mpuma Asia. Zonke iintlobo ficus zakwalizwi izinto esibalulekileyo isifundo yaye ezikhuselweyo zolondolozo lwendalo kunye neepaki bakule ndawo.

Inani lweengcambu, leyo bangaba omnye umthi onjalo, malunga 300. Bonke bephela umile iingcambu zibe ngathi gazebos okanye uAshera apho umntu lula enyuka. Iimbewu neziqhamo kwalo mthi - othandwayo ngayo izilwanyana neentaka. A resin phantse zonke makhiwane ezikhula kumazwe afumileyo, kuyinto material esibalulekileyo abantu. Ibizwa ngokuba shellac.

Igumbi banikwa iintlobo zezityalo zisasazwa kwindawo epholileyo. Kuya kuthakazelelwa ukuba amagqabi ezintle, elula yesondlo njalo.

Monstera delitsioza (Monstera deliciosa)

Kukho izilwanyana ezingaqhelekanga, ogama iingcambu-izixhaso akhiwa vivo. Imizekelo izityalo: monstera, kwakunye bonke abanye, ngaphandle kungasentla, iintlobo lamakhiwane. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba monstera yokuqala, ndizihlalise phezu kwezinye imithi njengoko epiphytes ezifana imidiliya. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwakha iingcambu zabo elide akhula phantsi emhlabeni, kwendelisela iingcambu, uze uvumele ukuba azithembe ngakumbi yaye simahla.

Monster delitsiozy inkalo isimanga, ngaphandle iingcambu ezinjalo, kukukwazi balahle ukufuma kwemfuneko usebenzisa yokondliwa amanzi. Le "zezityalo elila" emva imvula yayisina imijelo ukufuma kwemfuneko nge iincam amagqabi.

Kukho iindidi monstera yenkcubeko. Luthe lwahluma ngeembiza kwaye babekuthanda kakhulu ngamagqabi amahle oqingqiweyo unpretentiousness.

mangroves

Ezi amahlathi luphawulwa ukuyilwa off-shoring, kodwa ekuqaleni kweengcambu emoyeni. ekugqibeleni yaba inkxaso stilted kunye nokuvumela mangroves bakhule kwiimeko ezinjalo engaqhelekanga kwaye nzima - phezu ngobunono izidanga, kwaye iflethi kunxweme iilwandle kunye nemilambo yetyuwa.

Kulo mzekelo, hayi njengesiqhelo enze ingcambu-backup umsebenzi, kunye nezityalo ngakumbi usebenzisa ukuba ukufunxa emoyeni, kunokuba njengoko kwepropu. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, yaye olu phawu nalo iphunyezwe ngokupheleleyo. Isibakala sokuba izityalo, mangroves ziquka amatyholo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kunye nemithi. Bebonke bakha ihlathi eqhelekileyo, ebizwa ngokuba imangrove. Kwaye ke kukho, ukuze usinde, izityalo enza izixhobo, ezifana uguqulelo ezingaqhelekanga neengcambu. Emva nzima ubomi bakhe bonke ukuba elithile amanzi amtyuba olwandle. Oku kukhokelela yokungabikho umoya, amanzi, i nezithako kwemfuneko. iingcambu ezongezelelweyo ukuvumela mangroves zokusombulula ezi ngxaki kunye ngokukhuselekileyo asinde, kukholekile uqhushululu afakwa sezulu kunye ukubonakala engaqhelekanga.