Rogozhskaya Sloboda: iitempile, iifoto, indlela yokufika khona?

Ngaba ucinga ukuba abaKrestu abadala baseRashiya bafumaneka kuphela ngaphandle kweeUreals? Akunjalo! Uyakwazi ukuqhelanisa nendlela yobuntsapho yokuphila koMdala kwiMoscow. Ukwenza oku, uye eRogozhskaya Sloboda. Emva kokuba kuthathwa njengengingqi. Ngowe-1783 kwakufakwe intsika yendlela, apho yayibekwe khona: "KuMoscow - iikhilomitha ezimbini." Nangona kunjalo, ngoku iRogozhskaya Sloboda - phantse kwisiko sedolophu. Ndingafika njani? Yintoni okufuneka uyibone ukuze ufikelele ngokupheleleyo kwi-Old Believers 'atmosphere yamaPapavites? Ziziphi iithempeli ezifanele ukutyelela? Inqaku lethu liza kuxela ngalo. Kodwa kuqala siza kuxela ngembali yale ndawo. Kunomdla kakhulu.

Posad yabaqeqeshi

EMoscow, njengakunoma yimuphi omnye umzi, abantu ababenomsebenzi ofanayo bakhetha ukuhlala kunye nomnye. Ngenxa yoko, kwakukho izitalato egama elithi "izitolo": i-Myasnitskaya, iGoncharnaya njalonjalo. Ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi elinesibhozo, umsebenzi omtsha wabonakala eRussia - umqeqeshi. Ekuqaleni aba bantu bakhupha i-imeyli ye-emperor, kodwa ke babathunywa "ngeenqwelo" zabo. Kamva, abaqeqeshi baqala ukubandakanyeka kwezinye "izithuthi", behambisa impahla kunye nabagibeli ngendlela eyahlukileyo.

Kungekudala kwakukho ezininzi kangangokuthi zahlukana ngokweendlela. Abo bazikhethela ukuhamba ukusuka eMoscow baya kwidolophana yase-Old Rogozhsky Yam, bahlala emaphethelweni aseBrakamkamennaya, kufuphi nomnqophiso wokuhambisa abantu kunye nemithwalo. Le ndawo yayingqongileyo kwidolophana yaseAndronikha, esecaleni lasekhohlo loMlambo waseYauza. Kamva, i-Old Rogozhsky Yam yaba yidolophu yaseB Bogorodsky, eyayibizwa ngamaxesha aseSoviet ngokuthi uNoginsk. Kwaye uRogozhskaya Sloboda, ohlala ngabaqhubi, abasebenzisa olu lathiso, akakatshintshi igama layo. Kodwa uzuko lwe "umhlaba ongcwele" emva kwalo lwahlala.

Iziko leenkukhu zamandulo

Kwixesha elide zonke izixeko kunye neenduli zineendonga zenkqantosi. Ngaphakathi kwekhulu leshumi elinesibhozo, iMoscow yayingqonge i-Chamber-College yeekholeji, ehamba ngeekhilomitha ezili-32. Igama lakhe lafunyanwa kwinto yokuba emasangweni ahlukeneyo kwakukho amaqonga. Bahlawulisa iirhafu zeempahla zangaphandle. Ndandiphethe leCandelo-i-Collegium, eyakha i-shaft. Kwaye le mida yodonga yadlulela eRogozhskaya Sloboda. Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, isidingo seendonga kunye neenqwelomoya zawa. Esikhundleni samagumbi okudala, izikwere zaqulunqwa kwii-fairs kunye neemarike zahlelwa kwiintsuku ezahlukeneyo.

Indawo eyaziwayo kakhulu yokuhweba yayiyiRogozhskaya Sloboda, eyayimi kwiphepha elikhulu laseVladimir. Ukufika ngexesha ekuqaleni kwezinto ezilungileyo, abahwebi bafika ngaphambi kwexesha. Xa kukho imfuno, kukho ukunikezelwa. ISloboda yayakhiwe ngokunyanisekileyo ngama-inns, ethetha ngolwimi lwangoku, iinqwelo-moya, apho abathengisi abafikele khona babengenakuhlala ngaphandle kokungena kwesi sixeko. Kungekudala izindlu zamamashchitskih apha zancitshiswa. Kanye kunye namagceke kunye neendawo zokugcina iimpahla, izindlu ezinobungqina beentengiso zibonakala.

Amakholwa Adala

Kwathi kwenzeka ukuba ukususela kwikhulu leshumi elinesixhenxe, oko kukuthi, phantse ekudalweni kweRogozhskaya Sloboda, abantu baqala ukuhlala kuyo, baxoshwa kwicawa yaseRashiya. Abadala baKrestu babecinga ukuba unqulo olutsha luxuko kwaye luhambelana ngqo nendlela yabo yobomi. Oku kwafaka ubungqina balo kwimihla ngemihla. I-Rogozhskaya Sloboda endala, isithombe esingazange siphile, sasiyihlabathi elivaliweyo, elihluke kakhulu kulo lonke elaseMoscow.

Kwaye kwahlukana ukusuka kwikomkhulu nguMlambo waseYauza. Kwizitalato ezide ezide zahlala izindlu zamatye amabini azintlu kwiziseko eziphezulu. Amasango avaliweyo, abadlulileyo abadluli-nge-oku bekungahambelani nokubilisa okubandezelayo kobomi baseMoscow ... Abahlali be-pastiers abazange bayeke ixesha elide. Imitshato yenziwa kuphela phakathi kwe-coreligionists. Ngama-1790 kwakukho amawaka angamawaka ngamawaka e-Kriyoli, kwaye ngowe-1825 - sele sele ikhulu lama-60 anesibhozo.

Imbali entsha yokuhlala

Kwangexesha elide le ndawo yayihlobo lokugcina. Jonga kwiitempile zaBakholwa beNdala, amangcwaba anamabhishophu amakhulu kunye nomngcwabo weMorozovs kunye namanye amaDycovites amakhosi avela kwezinye iindawo zedolophu. Kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe umoya wenguqu uthintekile kwaye uRogozhskaya yokuhlala. Kwagqitywa isitrosi seNizhny Novgorod, esiye sagqiba ukuhamba kweenqwelo ezingenakunceda i-Iamschik.

Kwangexesha elide kwakukho isigaba kwiRogozhskaya Sloboda (igoli yeendlela). Ngenxa yoko abagwebi bathunyelwa ekuthinjweni. Bakhelwe emigqeni - ababetholwa ngokuqala ngamakhanda ahlanjwe kunye nasemagqatsheni omlenze, ke abo banamaketanga kuphela, emva - abahlali abalula. Umqhubi wesitimela wavalwa, apho abafazi nabantwana babathunjiweyo behamba, kunye nabagulayo.

Ngowe-1896, isitishi saseRogozhka sachithwa. Umgca welulelwe kwisikhululo sesitimela saseKursk. Ngokukodwa ukuhlaliswa kwenguqu kuguquke ngokufika kwamandla aseSoviet. Kwaye kwakungekho nje izitrato ezazisithiwa. Iicawa ezininzi zabhujiswa, kwaye abantu abatsha baqalisa ukuhlala ezindleleni. Kodwa kude kube ngoku i-patriarchal patriotic atmosphere ekhoyo kule ndawo yaseMoscow.

I Temples

Icawa yokuqala yeCawa yamaKrestu yayimiswe apha ekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi elinesixhenxe. Kwakuyimithi waza wanconywa ngoSergius waseRadonezh. Ngo-1776, ngoncedo lwabathengisi, isonto lesibini lakhiwa eRogozhskaya Sloboda - Nicholas uMmangaliso. Iqhwaba elikhulu lagqitywa kwiminyaka engama-90 yekhulu leshumi elinesibhozo. Emva koko, ngoncedo lwasekuhlaleni kweenkolelo, umakhi uMatvey Kozakov wakha ithedareli ngokuhlonela uMama kaThixo. Wayengowona mhle kunamathempelini ecawa, kodwa ngaphezu kwabo. Ngokwesayizi, idlulile nakwi-Assumption Cathedral eMoscow Kremlin. Oku akuzange kumkhathaze abefundisi becawa elikhulu, elalikhalaza kuCatherine II we-schismatics. Kwaye kwinqanaba le-Empress Pokrovsky Cathedral "lifutshane". Izikhokelo zezibingelelo zachithwa, kwaye kwaphuma ezintloko ezintlanu zeDome abaKrestu baKhe bavunyelwa ukugcina eyodwa kuphela. Kamva kufuphi kufuphi kwakhiwa ibusika (evuthayo) icawa yoKuzalwa kukaKristu, egcinwe kwisitayela se-pseudo-Gothic.

Amangcwaba nezinye iindawo ezibalulekileyo zeRogozhskaya Sloboda

Ngomnyaka ka-1771, iMoscow yahlushwa yindyikitya yesifo. Ngelo xesha, abaKrestu abadala bacela abaphathi ukuba bavumele imvume yokuxhobisa amangcwaba apho bangcwatyelwa khona abantu base-coreligionists abafa ngesifo sokufa. Le ndawo yakhethwa kungekude kwiphecana leVladimir. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwekhulu lama-20, umntu wayenokubona i-obelisk ngaphezu kwengcwaba yamatye ebhubhane. Kodwa nangona xa isibetho saqhubeka, amangcwaba aqhubeka ezaliswa ngamangcwaba amatsha. IsiGrifi esiTyebi esiTyebi esilungileyo sakha iindawo zokungcwaba iintsapho zabo. Emangcwabeni unokwazi ukubona amangcwaba yabathengisi kunye nabathengisi baseMorozovs, iRakhmanovs, i-Soldatenkovs, iRyabushinsky, i-Shelaputins nabanye.

Amanye amaziko abalulekileyo nawo akhiwe kwimali yoluntu: isibhedlele-barrack yavela ngexesha le sibetho. Ngoku iikliniki yamazinyo. Ephantse kumangcwaba kubonakala i-chapel yokhuni, eyayibuyiselwa icawa yamatye e-Rogozhskaya Sloboda, ngo-1776, ekhanyiswa kwiSt. Nicholas. Kwakhiwa indlu yokushicilela ukushicilela iincwadi zakudala ze-Believer, i-almshouse, i-orphanage, isikolo sootitshala. Kwiintetho ezilandelayo S. Bulakov, A. Kizaveter, iNkosana E. Trubetskoy.

Imbali kunye nezobugcisa

Ngaphantsi koCatherine II, okanye ngaphantsi kweAlexandria wokuqala, abaKrestu abaKhe abazange balandelwe. Kwaye ke uMoscow uRogozhskaya Sloboda wakhula waza wahlotshiswa ngeetempile. Icawa yokugqibela eyakhiwa apha (iSt. Nicholas), yayisoloko ihlala "inkolo yonqulo". Oku kuthetha ukuba ababingeleli, abaqaphela i-ROC yaseMoscow Patriarchate, bakhonza apha i-liturgy, kodwa ngokwemizekelo yamandulo kunye neencwadi.

Lecawa yayakhiwe kwindawo yesithandathu yekhulu le-18 kwindlela yaseByzantine-yaseRashiya. Ngoku iCawa yaseSt. Nicholas yedwa kuMoscow apho onke amaOthodox anokuthandaza. Ngo-1995, urhulumente waseMoscow wamkela umyalelo malunga nokudalwa kwimbali yezakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo kwiRogozhskaya Sloboda . Ingundoqo yale nkcubeko yamanzi yayiyi-Gusev Manor.

Ngelishwa, isicwangciso sokubuyiselwa kwezikhumbuzo ezithile zokwakha sasikhanselwa ngo-2011. Nangona kunjalo, icawa yaseAlexis eRogozhskaya Sloboda, i-Bright Tower bell, i-Intercession Cathedral kunye neCawa yoBuzalwa, kunye nesitalato sonke saseRogozhsky, yayibhengezwa njengelifa lemveli.

Ithempeli laseAlexis, iMetropolitan yaseMoscow, eRogozhskaya Sloboda

Isakhiwo sokuqala se-sacral kule ndawo kwakukho ibandla elincinane lezakhiwo, elakhiwe ngo-1625. Kwaye yachithwa kwaye yatshintshwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo ngesakhiwo sezitena. Abafundisi bafumana isitala esingafanelekiyo. Iingxowa zaqokelelwa, kwaye sele ziphakathi kwekhulu le-18 zafumana ukubonakala kwangoku.

Wakhela isakhiwo seDmitry Ukhtomsky, ekhetha kuye indlela yokwakha yaseBaroque. Ibandla lalingcweliswa egameni likaSt. Alexis, uMetropolitan waseMoscow. Le ngcwele yahlala kwikhulu le-13 kwaye yayibhekwa njengommangaliso kuyo yonke iRashiya. Isixeko saseMetropolitan sasinokuqhawulwa emva kweenyanga ezintandathu emva kokufa kwakhe.

Iintlanzi ze-saint zagcinwa kwaye zihlonishwa kwiinkonzo ezahlukeneyo zaseMoscow. Ukususela ngo-1947, base-Elokhovo Epiphany Cathedral. Kwaye i tempile yaseAlexis eRogozhskaya Sloboda yabelana ngesithuba sezakhiwo ezininzi ezingcwele kwiRashiya emva kwenguqulelo. Ngowe-1929 kwakhiwa indawo yokugcina impahla kunye nokulungiswa kwemveliso yendawo yokwakha. Ukubuyiselwa kwecawa kwaqala kuphela ngo-1990.

Yayiyintoni kunye nendlela itempile ebonakala ngayo ngoku

Abakholi bamandulo babeyalelwe ukuba balayishe iimpawu okanye bathenge iimifanekiso zasendulo baze banikele kwiicawa zabo. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuguqulwa, icawa yaseSt. Metropolitan yaseMoscow eRogozhskaya Sloboda yayingumyuziyam wenene. Kwakuqulethe iimpawu zeNovgorod kunye namanye amakhosikazi adumile, abavela kwii-15 ukuya kwe-16 leminyaka.

Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo, ingaphakathi lethempelini yaxhaswa ngobuhle obumangalisayo kwimifanekiso yeendonga. Emva kwenguqulelo, iinqwelo zecawa zalahleka. Ithempeli labhujiswa, kwaye kwintonga yalo yentsimbi kukho iindawo ezimbini kuphela. Kodwa icawa iqhuba rhoqo umsebenzi wokubuyisela. Isakhiwo esikhulu sabuyiselwa ngo-2012. Imisebenzi ngoku iqhutyelwa ukubuyisela i-facade yangaphandle kunye ne-refectory.

Iinkonzo zonqulo

Icawa yaseSt. Alexis eRogozhskaya Sloboda itholakala kwikona yeMalaya Alekseevskaya naseNykoloyamskaya izitalato. Kulula ukuqonda ngeendonga ezibomvu-ezimhlophe kunye ne-glock yegolide kwi-belfry ebuyisiwe. Okwangoku, eli cawa libhekisela kwicawa yaseSt. Sergius yaseRadonezh.

Umsebenzi oqhubekayo wokubuyiselwa awusithinteli ekusebenzeni iinkonzo zikaThixo. NgeMigqibelo kunye neeCawa kwi-10.00 ilitoriki. Emva kwayo, emini, i-moleben yabasetyhini abakhulelweyo bayenziwa. Phinda iinkonzo zikaThixo kunye neeholide zeeholide. Apha afika abafazi abathanda ukuba nabantwana. Kwisakhiwo secawa kukho iinkonzo zemithandazo "ngesipho sabantwana". Imikhosi yasekhaya yase-Alexy yaseMoscow eRogozhskaya Sloboda yile: nguFebhuwari 25 (isitayela esitsha), ngoMatshi 27, ngoMeyi 22, ngoJuni 2, ngo-Agasti 11 no-Agasti 29, ngo-Disemba 19.

I-Intercession Cathedral

Sisele sithethile le cawa, ebini ngobukhulu kunye nomhlobiso ephezulu kwaye icebile kuneetempile zeKremlin. Ngexesha apho amagunya awamkela amaKrestu aKhe, ayenokuthi "anciphise", okwenza kube ngaphantsi kweemitha ukusuka kwi-Assumption Cathedral. Kodwa kule fomu, iCawa loMthendeleko weNtombikazi emangcwabeni eRogozhsky ayizange inikezele ukuphumla kwihlelo lobuKristu eliphambili eRussia.

Ehlotyeni ka-1856, uMasipala waseMoscow uFiliret waqinisekisa ukuba iibingelelo zeeCawa eliKholwa kwiNkcazo-mkhulu zatywinwa. Kuphela ngohlaziyo lwe-1905, oluvakalisa inkululeko yonqulo, amabandla abuyela kwiindawo zasePopovites. Ngozuko lokushicilela izibingelelo, inqaba yecawa yovuko lukaKristu yakhiwa.

Emva kwenguqulelo, i-Intercession Cathedral yayifuna ukuvalwa, kodwa yayikuphela kwecawa eMoscow eyaqhubeka isebenza njengetempile. Oku kwenzeke ngenye indlela ngenxa yokuba isakhiwo, esakhiwe kwisitayela seklasiki, sasingenaso sonke isakhiwo esingcwele. I-glavka eyodwa kuphela ephahleni yanikezela icawa kuyo.

Kodwa inqaba yecawa yovuko lukaKristu yavalwa ngo-1930. Kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo kwi-facade yayo. Ihlotshiswe ngemifanekiso yeentaka zeengqungquthela zaseParadesi - iSirin, iGamayun kunye neAlkonost. Ibandla elivaliweyo lovuko lukaKristu alizange lihlale ixesha elide. Iinkonzo kulo ziye zaqala ukususela ngo-1947.

Ithempeli laseSt. Sergius yaseRadonezh

Leli cawa, nangona likhulu kakhulu ngokulingana, kodwa ukuhlobisa, ukuqokelela kweempahla kunye neempawu zamandulo, ayikho ngaphantsi kweCityralral Intercession. Kuthiwa xa uNapoleon efika eMoscow, umbingeleli wetempile kaSergius waseRadonezh wayala ukuba angcwabe iimpahla zecawa ezingabalulekiyo emangcwabeni. Abahlaseli baxelelwa ukuba umhlaba wawusandulwanga nje kodwa awamangcwaba abo bafa ngesibetho. AmaFrentshi ayesaba ukujonga ukuba yinyani okanye ayikho.

Ngaphambi kokuguqulwa kwetempile, itempile yaziwa ngokuba yinto ephawulekayo ye-chorus eyimfama. Kodwa oko amaFrentshi awazange akwenze kwenziwa yimizi yendawo. Ngomnyaka we-1922 ii-poods zesilivere zazingeniswa ngaphandle kwecawa. Oko abantwaba abangenakukuba, ababethe ngeenxephe kwaye batshiswe kwiibhonfires. Iimpawu ezininzi ezindala kunye namanqaku ezimpumputhe zalahleka. Ukwakhiwa kwecawa kwakuhlala kwiindibano zocweyo kunye nendawo yokugcina impahla. Oku kubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwisakhiwo.

Kuphela ngo-1985 kwagqithiselwa kwiMyuziyam yeMveli yaseRashiya. A. Rublev. Ukubeka ukubonakaliswa kweemifanekiso, umsebenzi wokubuyisela wenziwa ethempelini. Ukususela ngo-1991, iCawa yaseOrthodox yaseRashiya inayo iBandla laseSt. Sergius laseRadonezh eRogozhskaya Sloboda. Ishedyuli yeenkonzo kuyo kulula. I-Liturgy yenziwa imihla ngemihla nge-8: 00, ngaphandle kweMvulo.

Ngokuphindaphindiweyo kukho iinkonzo zikaThixo kwiCawa yamaKholide eNdala yeCawa ye-Interoto yeTheotokos. Ngeentsuku zeveki, i-liturgy ibhiyozelwa ngo-7: 30 no-15: 30. Ngezolo leeholide inkonzo ise-14: 00. NgoMgqibelo, iindwendwe zentsasa ziqala ngeesisixhenxe, kwaye ngeCawa - kwisiqingatha esisixhenxe esisixhenxe.

Rogozhskaya Sloboda: indlela yokufikelela

Ukuhlala kweTest Believers kuphakathi kwezikhululo zesitrato "Aviamotornaya", "Rimskaya", "Marksistskaya" kunye ne "Taganskaya". Ngeenyawo umkhondo omfutshane kunabo bonke abakuqalayo. Ukusuka kwezinye izikhululo kukho izithuthi zikawonkewonke. Ngoko, ukusuka "kwiMarxist" ungaya eRogozhskaya Sloboda ngeendlela zebhasi 51 no-169. Ukususela kwisikhululo sesithili saseTaganskaya, ii-trolleybuses Nama-26, ama-63 kunye no-16 agijimayo. Ukuze uqhelane nobomi beRogozhskaya Sloboda, umntu kufuneka aphume kwindawo ethi "Old Believers" Street " I-former Voitovich).

Kufuneka kuthethwe ukuba le dolophu ayinomdla kuphela ngeetempile. Kukho indawo yokutyela yeCuisine Old Believer, iibhentshi zecawa, iindibano zeevenkile zendoda, abantwana beziko leenkolelo zeSonto.