I-trimester yesibini yokukhulelwa: intlalontle, ukondla, iingxaki. Iingcebiso eziNcedo

I-trimester yesibini yokukhulelwa (ixesha ukususela kwiiveki ezi-13 ukuya kuma-27) yinto enomdla kumama ozayo. Kulo nqanaba ukuba umntwana uqala ukuhamba. Eli xesha lisoloko lihamba kunye nevakalelo zentuthuzelo yomzimba kunye nentlalo-ntle. Isihlunu ngeli xesha asibonakali, kwaye umntwana lowo akafikanga nakwezobukhulu, ukuze asebenzise uxinzelelo kwizitho zowesifazane. Kodwa kusekho iingxaki ezithile ezivela ngeli xesha. Kwaye namhlanje siya kufumanisa ukuba bunzima bunjani kwimpilo ngeli xesha kunokubonwa kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo kunye nendlela yokujongana nayo.

Uphando oluyimfuneko

Kwi-trimester yesibini, umfazi kufuneka adlule iimvavanyo ezinyanzelisayo:

1. Ukuhlola i-biochemical. Le yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-triple test, eyenziwa ukukhuphela i-Down's syndrome kunye neziphene ze-neural tube.
2. Ultrasound . I-trimester yesibili yithuba apho kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza lo phando, kuba kunokwenzeka ukufumanisa ukungaqhelekanga, kuba ngamanye amaxesha oku kuya kuba sele kunzima. Ngethuba le ndlela yokuxilongwa, ugqirha uya kuhlolisisa ukuba ubungakanani bomntwana obufana nexesha lokukhulelwa, indlela echanekileyo ngayo umntwana ozayo kwisibeleko sikamama: oyingcali iza kugqiba ubungakanani be- pelal pelvic, ubude beentombi, umlo wentloko. Kwakhona ngeli thuba ugqirha uya kuqikelela ukuhamba kwegazi leemvuthu, kuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukubonisa ukuba umntwana unikwe njani i-oxygen kunye nezondlo.

Kwakhona, owesifazane okhulelweyo wesifo somzimba angakwazi ukumisela iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo, ezifana:

- Ukufunda nge-amniotic igazi kunye negazi lomntwana. Ekuhambisweni kokuhlalutya ugqirha unokuthumela kuloo meko ukuba ingcali iza kukhankanya naluphi na ukuphambukiswa okanye ukulahlwa.

- Izifundo ezongezelelweyo ukuba umama ozayo unokufumana izifo ezingapheliyo.

Kakade, uhambo olucetywayo ukuya kugqirha kufuneka lube ngumqathango onyanzelekileyo. Ngeveki le-15 okanye le-16 udokotela ulinganisa umfazi, ulinganisa umda wesisu sakhe, unquma ukuphakama kokuma kwezantsi kwesibindi. Kwakhona, ingcali ngethuba lingahlola imeko yentliziyo, iintso kunye nengqondo yomntwana. Olunye ugqirha ekwamkelelweyo luchaza isikhundla se-placenta, ubukhulu bayo, ubukhulu kunye nokukhula.

Iingxaki rhoqo ezilindele oomama abalindele

Isigaba sokugqibela, xa umbungu usuqala ukuba ngumntu, iiveki ezili-15 zokukhulelwa. Yintoni eyenzekayo kwimizimba yomama omele emva kweenyanga ezintathu zokuqala ukuba kwindawo ekhangayo? Okokuqala, ngeli xesha umzimba womfazi uthatha utshintsho. Yintoni enokuphazamisa ummeli wesini obuthathaka kweli nqanaba, cinga ngezantsi.

1. Ukunyuka kwesisu. Ngaphantsi kweempembelelo ze-hormone, izilonda ze-mammary ziba zikhulu ngeli xesha. Ukuba ngowama-trimester yokuqala ibhinqa liyakwazi ukubona ububele kwisifuba, ngoko-yesibini iya kuba nelinye ingxaki-ukukhungatheka kweengono. Ngoko ke, ngeli nqanaba, intombazana kufuneka ithenge ibhasti exhasayo, ngokuqinisekileyo eya kunceda.

2. Ukukhula kwesisu. Ewe, le nto ayinayo ingxaki, kodwa ngenxa yesibeleko esikhulayo umfazi uhamba ngaphantsi; Lo msebenzi, owenziwe ngaphambili ngaphandle komgudu omkhulu, uya kubonakala unzima, kwaye ngezinye izikhathi ungazibekezelele.

3. Ulwaphulo lobuxoki. Ngeli thuba, isibeletho siqala ukufudumala, ukuze sikulungele umsebenzi obalulekileyo kungekudala. Ezi zifinyezo kwisisu esezantsi zihlala zibuthathaka, azikwazi ukuqikelela. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho intlungu enzima kwi-trimester yesibili kwaye ngaphezu koko ihlala rhoqo, loo mfazi kufuneka afune ugqirha ngokukhawuleza, njengoko oku kungaba ngumqondiso wokuzalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa.

4. Uguqulwa kwesikhumba. Kweminye imimandla emzimbeni womama olindelekileyo abe mnyama, umzekelo, ulusu olujikelezileyo iimbosi, iindawo ezithile ebusweni, umgca okhokela kwintonga ye-pubic.

5. Ukuchonga. I-trimester yesibili yithuba apho isondo esilungileyo singakwazi ukubona iipinki, izibomvu ezibomvu kunye nesisu, amahlombe, isifuba, amaqabunga, kunye nezikhwebu. Ukulungiswa, ngendlela, kunokuhamba kunye ne-itch engapheliyo. Kodwa akukho mntu uthe ukukhulelwa kwisiqingatha sesibini kulula. Nangona kunjalo, awudingi ukulila i-alamu ngaphambi kwexesha. Nangona ukubonakala kweemigqa enjalo akunakukhuselwa, ininzi yazo ekugqibeleni iyanyamalala okanye ingabonakali.

6. Utywala. Le ngxaki ijongene nabasetyhini abaninzi kwimeko, kuba imithwalo yegazi ngeli xesha liyakwandisa ukuphendula ngokungaphumeleli kwe-hormonal. Ukuthintela into enjalo engalunganga, intombazana kufuneka iphuze amanzi aneleyo, kwaye ibuye iphume emva kokulala. Xa ibhinqa iziva idizzy, kufuneka ilale kwicala lasekhohlo, ukwenzela ukubuyisela uxinzelelo lwegazi.

7. Ingxaki ngeentlobo kunye nokuphefumula. Njengoko ukukhulelwa kwandisa ukujikeleza kwegazi, igazi elide lihamba ngeempawu zomzimba zomzimba. Kwaye oku, kukhokelela ekuvupheni kwendlela yokuphefumula, ngenxa yoko umfazi oqala ukukhwaza. Kwakhona, ukwanda kwendlela yokuhambisa isisombululo kuya kunciphisa iinjongo, kwaye abo baqala ukuphuma.

8. Ukuphefumula . Kutheni i-trimester yesibini ibonakaliswa yintlungu yokuphefumula? Inyani kukuba imiphunga iqhubela phambili ngokunyanisekileyo emoyeni kunokuba ikhona ngaphambi kokukhulelwa. Kwaye oku kuvumela igazi ukuba lithwale i-oksijini engaphezulu kwi-placenta kunye nosana, ngoko ukuphefumla kuyanda kakhulu kule meko, ekhokelela ekuphefumleleni okufutshane.

9. Ukukhutshwa kwi-vagina. Ukuba ibhinqa lifumene i-leucorrhoea ebudeni ngeli xesha, oku kuqhelekileyo, kuba banceda ukunqanda ukukhula kweebhaktheriya ezinobungozi kunye nemvubelo. Ukuze agweme naluphi na ukungahambi kakuhle, unako ukugqoka iimpapu zemihla ngemihla. Nangona kunjalo, isondo esifanelekileyo kufuneka siphumelele, kwaye xa bebona ukukhutshwa kwintathumitha yesibini kunye nephunga elimnandi, eluhlaza, eluphuzi, ngamaconsi egazi, ngoko oku kuthetha ukutheleleka kwesisu. Kule meko, ibhinqa kufuneka lihambe kwangoko kugqirha wayo.

10. Iigrafu zomlenze. I-Spasms yeenyawo ezingezantsi yenye inkathazo yesibini yesithathu: ngelixa ukukhulelwa kuqhubeka, banda ebusuku. Ukuthintela ukuba kwenzeke ukuthatha, kufuneka usebenze ngokufanelekileyo ngaphambi kokulala, uphuze amanzi amaninzi.

Ngoko ufumene ukuba utshintsho lomzimba wesifazane luhamba emva kweveki ezi-15 zokukhulelwa. Kwenzeka ntoni kwi-trimester yesibini kunye nomntwana, ngoku ufumanisa.

Usana lukhula njani?

• Inyanga yesine. Ngeli thuba, umntwana uqala ukwenza iisiphako kunye nemigqa, umntwana uqala ukuhamba ngokunyanisekileyo kwisibeleko, kodwa ngoku umama akayi kuva. Izinwele zokuqala ziqala ukukhula entloko yeemvuthu. Ulusu lomntwana olusenyangeni ye-4 lusemncinci, ngeyo imithwalo yegazi ibonakala. Ekupheleni kweveki le-16, umntwana usele malunga ne-15 cm ubude, ubukhulu obuyi-140 g; Ukhululeka ngokukhululekile kwi-amniotic fluid, ngokutshintsha ngokulula indawo yomzimba kwisisu.
• Inyanga yesihlanu. Kule nqanaba, iimvuthu zineentsha, i-eyelashes. Sele sele eqokelele ngokupheleleyo kweli xesha kunye nesiphathi, nemilenze. Kwaye izidumbu ze-fetal sele zenzeke kakhulu kangangokuba ukunyakaza kuya kulawulwa: usana lunokuyinyana ngomnwe, uthinte umzimba wayo. Kwakhona ngelo xesha umntwana usenayo intshukumo yobuso - uvula umlomo wakhe, amehlo, ukugcoba, ukumamatheka. Ekupheleni kwenyanga yesihlanu, ukukhula komntwana kufutshane malunga no-21 cm, ubunzima-350 g.
• Inyanga yesithandathu. Kwiiveki ezingama-21-24 umntwana uqhubeka ekhula ngokukhawuleza kwisisu somama. Ukunyakaza kwakhe ngoku kuya kusebenza. Ngeli thuba i-crumb ivele ine-dormancy yayo kunye nolawulo oluvukekileyo. Umntwana usele unomdla wokuwazi ihlabathi: uthinta intambo yesandla ngezandla kunye neenyawo zakhe. Ukuba ngumama kamama, omncinci uyakwazi ukuhamba. Ngeveki yama-24 yokukhulelwa, izitho zangaphakathi ze-fetus sele zenziwe kakuhle, kodwa imiphunga isasemva. Ekupheleni kwenyanga yesithandathu yokufumana ibhinqa kwindawo ekhangayo, i-crumb isifikile kwisisindo esiqhelekileyo esingu-900 g kunye nobude be-34 cm.

Ukukhulelwa okukhuselekileyo kwi-trimester yesibini: iimpawu zayo

Iphulo elikhulu lokuphela kwexesha elinokuthi lenzeke ngeli xesha kupheliswa kokukhula komntwana. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukufa komntwana ongakazalwa kungenzeka kwi-trimester yokuqala. Kodwa kuseyingozi kakhulu ixesha leeveki ezingama-18-20. Indlela yokuchonga ukuba umntwana okhutshiwe okanye awunayo?

- Ekuhambeni. Ukuba ibhinqa ayifumana ukunyakaza kwisisu, oku kungabonakalisa ingxaki. Kule meko, kufuneka ahambe ngokukhawuleza kwi-gynecologist - uphulaphula intliziyo, kwaye ukuba iziphumo ezimbi (umzekelo, ukuphazamiseka isisithulu okanye akunjalo nonke) kuya kukhetha i-ultrasound eyongezelelweyo.

- Esifubeni. Ukuze ukhulelwe ngokukhawuleza, ukwehla ngobunzima bomqhubi kuyimpawu. Iintlanzi zentlanzi ziba lula, i-colostrum iyayeka ukuma.

- Ukuba umlomo wesibeleko u-ajar, umbala wesisu uba obomvu okanye utyinki, kukho ukukhutshwa okumnyama okomdaka - kulo mzekelo, ugqirha unokuthetha ukuba ukutshatyalaliswa komntwana.

Usulelo oluphefumulayo lokuphefumula ngexesha lokuxhatshazwa

Umkhuhlane kwi-trimester yesibini yokukhulelwa ingabungozi nje kuphela kumama, kodwa kwixesha elizayo umntwana. Emva koko, isifo sinokuvusa ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa, ukungaqiniseki kwamaplanga. Ukuba ibhinqa lithatha umkhuhlane kwi-trimester yesibili, iimvuthu ngexesha lokuzalwa zingenalo iimpawu zomoya-ndlala yindlala-i-pallor, i-lethargy, ukukhala okubuthathaka. Kodwa ke, ungakhathazeki ngophawu lokuqala lomkhuhlane, njengokuba inani elaneleyo labasetyhini abakhulelweyo bafumana le sigulo kwisigxina sesibini, kodwa bazala abantwana abanempilo.

Unyango lomkhuhlane

Kunokwenzeka ukulahla esi sigulo ekhaya, akufuneki ukuya esibhedlele. Yintoni efunekayo ukuphiliswa kungekudala?

1. Kubalulekile ukubonelela ukuphumula komntu olalayo kubhinqa abakhulelweyo.
2. Ngexesha lokugula kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukungenisa ityuwa.
3. Isiselo esininzi siya kususa i-toxins emzimbeni kwaye ukhulelwe uya kuphucuka ngokukhawuleza.
4. Ukususela kwiiveki ezi-13 ukuya kwe-27, i-trimester yesibini iphela. Iqondo lokushisa, nokuba kunjalo, ukwanda kwalo, ngokuqinisekileyo, yinto engathandekiyo kumama ozayo ngeli xesha. Ngoko ke, ibhinqa kufuneka likwazi ukuba lithatha ukuthatha ukutshatyalaliswa kwentlungu kunye nobuhlungu besisu. Kufuneka uphuze iyeza "Paracetamol".
5. Ukuba umqala umonakalo, kungcono ukuwuhluthisa ngesisombululo se-baking soda (1 ithisipuni nganye ngeglasi yamanzi afudumele), ukumnika i-elderberry, i-chamomile, i-eucalyptus, i-calendula.
6. Ngempumlo epholileyo, ungasebenzisa amaconsi e-vasoconstrictive, kodwa ungadlulanga iintsuku ezi-5.

Ukuthintela umkhuhlane kwi-2 trimester

1. Ukugonywa yindlela ebalulekileyo yokuthintela ukuphuhliswa kwentsholongwane yentsholongwane emzimbeni womfazi okhulelweyo.
2. Ukwandisa ukukhuselwa komzimba, okubandakanya ukutya okunempilo, indlela yokuphila enempilo, kunye nokusebenza ngokomzimba (ungaqambi amanga kwiintshilo kunye neyesinyithi sakho ngeenxa zonke, kodwa phuma waya emoyeni omtsha uze uhambe).
3. Ukuqhawulwa kwezigulane. Ukuba umntu uyagula endlwini, kungcono ukucela lo mntu ukuba ahlale nezinye izalamane ngexesha elithile, ukuze angaguquli umfazi kwindawo.
4. Kubalulekile ukukhusela ukugqithisa ngokugqithisileyo, kunye nokushisa.

Izinto eziphilayo zifunwa kwiiveki ezi-13 ukuya kuma-27

Kwiimigangatho zokuqala zokukhulelwa, umzimba udinga abafazi izinto ezifana ne-folic acid, ii-vitamini A, E kunye neC. Kulo lonke ixesha lokufumana imeko ebangel 'umdla, abafazi abasemsebenzini nabo bayafuna i-iodine kunye ne-calcium, akuyiyo ikhefu kunye neyesibini. IiVithamini, kunye nezixhobo ezincinci kunye nezikhulu, ezibalulekileyo ukusetyenziswa ngeli xesha, zilandelayo: i-iron, manganese, selenium, ithusi, i-rutin, njl. Ngethuba elide ukususela kwiiveki ezi-13 ukuya kuma-27, ezi zinto zibizwa ukuba zancede ngokuchanekileyo kwaye zikhule ngokukhawuleza. Enyanisweni, kwimizi yesibini ye-trimester yokuba umntwana ukhula ngamandla, ngoko kuya kufuneka zidinga amaminerali amaninzi, kunye namavithamini, ngaphezu kweenyanga zokuqala.

Ungadla njani?

Apha kufika igolide yokuthetha ngokukhulelwa. Ngeli thuba, izitho ezisemgangathweni kunye neenkqubo ze-fetus sele zibekwe kwaye zisebenza. Ngoku amathambo kunye nezicubu ziya kuqala ukukhula ngenkuthalo, ubuchopho bukhula, i-nerve fibers kunye nefom yegazi. Kutheni oogqirha bhatala kakhulu ngolu hlobo lwesondlo? I-trimester yesibili yithuba apho umntwana, osesiswini somama, ethatha izinto ezisebenzayo kuye. Kwaye ukuba inkokheli ibe neyaneleyo yezinto eziyimfuneko kwaye yona, oogqirha bazama ukukhumbuza kuwo onke amkeleko umfazi ozayo ekusebenzeni ukuba kufuneka adle ngokupheleleyo. Ngaphakathi kwexesha lokubeletha, umxholo wemveliso encedo kufuneka ube ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

- amaprotheni - 22%;

Amafutha emvelaphi yemifuno - 18%;

- isiqhamo, kunye nemifuno - 38%;

- okusanhlamvu - 22%.

Ngoku siyazi ukuba yiyiphi into ekufuneka ibe khona kwimenyu yowesifazane okhulelweyo kwisithathu sesithathu:

1. Ubisi kunye nemveliso yobisi emuncu: ubisi obisiweyo obisiweyo, i-kefir.
2. Amaqanda abilisiwe.
3. I-fat-fat cottage cheese.
4. Intlanzi ebilisiwe okanye i-fish.
5. I-Porridge (i-buckwheat, ilayisi, ingqolowa, i-pearl ibhali).
6. Iifama ezihlaza kunye nobhontshisi.
7. Iisobho kwi-fat-fat broths okanye kumanzi.
8. Inyama, i-steamed okanye kwi-oven.
9. Amantongomane.
10. Imifuno naluphi na uhlobo (oluhlaza, elibilisiwe, elibiweyo).
11. I ziqhamo.
12. Imifino (i-dill, i-parsley, i-coriander, amaqabunga e-lettuce).

Ziziphi iimveliso kufuneka zifakwe ngaphandle?

Ngoku kuyafaneleka ukuqwalasela isondlo sabasetyhini abakhulelweyo ngokukhuseleko. Ezinye iimveliso abafazi abazithandayo ukusebenzisa ngaphambi kokuba babe nesimo esithakazelisayo, ngoku bangakwazi ukubeka ingozi kwimpilo yengane. I-trimester yesibini, ngathi, nangona kunjalo, ngowokuqala neyesithathu, lixesha apho ukutya okulandelayo kungafaneleki ngaphandle kokutya:

- inyama ebomvu, kunye nentlanzi (umzekelo, i-sushi).

- Iinkonzo ezininzi zokubhema, i-sausages, njl.

- Iintlobo ze-Cheese ezinobumba.

- Amaqanda amaqanda, kunye nama-sauces asekelwe kuwo.

Kwaye, ke, sikhumbula ukuba akukho baqhibi bevenkile, iipoksi azikwazi ukusetyenziswa ngeli xesha. Ngokumalunga nokusela utywala kufuneka ukuba ukhohliwe ngamaxesha onke okukhulelwa.

Ithenda kwi-trimester yesibili: yintoni oyenzayo?

Kulo lonke ixesha lokufumana ibhinqa kwindawo ekhangayo, ukuxhatshazwa kwesibeleko kuyisifo esixilongo, ngoko ke yonke indlela eya kwi-gynecologist ifanele ifake inzwa ngongcali kwisisu.

Izinto ezibangela ithoni okongezelelweyo:

1. Ntshikilelo, ukuphazamiseka ngokweemvakalelo.
2. umsebenzi Ukwandisa emzimbeni. uhambo olude, amatye wawaphakamisa wenza ngokungachanekanga imithambo zemidlalo - konke oku ngokukhawuleza ngenisa isibeleko in ithoni.
3. Ukubakho izifo ezifana toxoplasmosis kunye cytomegalovirus.

Yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe ukuze kupheliswe ithoni wesibeleko?

1. Umntu obhinqileyo unakho ukufumana kuthanjiswa isibeleko kuphela xa kunokwenzeka ukuba uzolile ngokupheleleyo kuphole.
2. Eli nenekazi kwi urhulumente kufuneka ndilale ngokwaneleyo. Ukuba awukwazi ebusuku, kuyimfuneko ukuba amalungiselelo imini wena ixesha cwaka.
3. Ngesivumelwano ugqirha Female ngexesha ehleliyo ndingasela nadlamkisayo, ezinako ukukulumkisela ukunciphisa ziba kodonga esibelekweni.
4. Umsebenzi nangakumbi esihlunwini kakuhle umzimba nakumgongxo ugqirha uyakwazi ukubeka njengomfazi ozalayo elizayo esibhedlele, ukuze kuthintelwe mgaqweni kwi olungekazalwa.

Ngoku uyazi ukuba kwithuba leenyanga ezintathu yesibini, leyo, ngokuzenzekelayo, kukuba ukususela nge-13 ukuya kowama-27 ngeveki, pipsqueak ngamandla iphuhlise kwaye lukhula. Ngeli xesha unina kwandisa isifuba, isisu, iimpawu ukuzolula benziwa (hayi bonke) - oko kukuthi, umzimba mfazi kuguquka. Kukho amaxesha xa lady ngeli xesha kukho izishunqulelo fake, ukwanda ithoni zesibeleko. Kwaye ukuba iingxaki enkulu yingozi ezinjalo abayi zwabha kunye nenekazi ukhulelwe, kufuneka bazikhusele iimvakalelo ezingakhiyo, ilungile, chitha ixesha kwi umoya nidle okulungileyo. Ke ngoko akukho iingxaki zempilo aziyi waqaphela, kwaye mntwana uya kuzalelwa esempilweni kunye nexesha.