SAU "Peony". Self-kuqhube zokudubula ufakelo 2S7 "Pion": iinkcukacha neefoto

203 mm self-ngokwaso umpu 2S7 (aphikisane 216) inxulumene izixhobo zokudubula reserve High Umyalelo. Emkhosini, kuba uye wafumana igama ikhowudi - ACS "Peony". Amafoto thaca kwiphepha ukubonisa amandla kwesi sixhobo. Kujongwe ukuba ukucinezela indlela izixhobo zenyukliya kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo kubunzulu Committe (kumgama 47 km).

History of indalo

Ukudala self-ngokwaso imipu "Peony" waqalisa kunye nesigqibo eSoviet Union iBhunga labaPhathiswa ngo-1967. Ubizo waveza ukuba isixhobo omtsha, ukuze ayichithe ezayame, eziphathekayo kunye nezakhiwo ufakelo lwesamente, kwakunye kuchitha ixesha elide-uluhlu zokudubula kotshaba. Ukongeza, 2S7 ACS 'Peony' yakhelwe njenge 'njengomzingeli "lweenkqubo enomjukujelwa Committe kunye nezinye iindlela lokuhanjiswa izixhobo zenyukliya. Ngokutsho umsebenzi, umgama ubuncinane ngokoyiswa wawuza kuba km 25.

Kwaye ngoku, emva kweminyaka emibini inani leeprojekthi ecetywayo iBhunga labaPhathiswa wakhetha umsebenzi nabaqambi Leningrad laseKirov mveliso. A setting of "Peony" wadalwa ngokusekelwe kwisisu semoto kwe kwitanki T-64 evulekile conning nemboniselo kubulawa. Noko ke, kulo nyaka ofanayo umsebenzi wakhe awawudalayo isixhobo entsha iinguqulelo ezinkulu zenziwa. Isizathu le ntetho ke nabaqambi i Volgograd izityalo "ngothango", nto leyo thaca iprojekthi kwenkqubo zokudubula self-ngokwaso ekwenziweni ngaphandle kwi ngokususela into 429. Ngenxa yoko, iSebe lezoKhuselo ugqiba ukuba ukudibanisa ezi meko, kwaye ACS 203-mm "Peony" hlumela njani kwisisu semoto entsha. Le yunithi zokudubula waba uluhlu leHamas ukuya kwi-32 km emthethweni eqhelekileyo kunye km 42 iintlawulo esebenzayo-izidubuli. Umsebenzi ekudalweni imipu ixesha elide baba swing ngokupheleleyo xa, ngoMatshi 1971, Grau uthi iimfuno eneenkcukacha lweempawu yamacebo zobugcisa bale nkqubo eyenzelwe. Iinjineli ecetywayo ukufunda amathuba ngokusebenzisa edubuleyo okhethekileyo ZVB2 howitzer B-4 ukuvuleka efanayo. Ubuninzi beqhumisa Uluhlu eqhelekileyo 110-kilogram projectile olwalubekwe kwi-35 km kwaye kubuncinane qinisekisa bezrikoshetnaya - 8.5 km. kwafuneka ukuba 40-43 km The uluhlu eliphezulu isixhobo kunye neembumbulu eyodwa esebenzayo-izidubuli. Zonke ezi nguqu babeke phezu emagxeni umphuhlisi ephambili ACS "Peony" 2S7 - KB inani 3 zesityalo laseKirov, intloko leyo N. S. Popov.

Yenza izixhobo

Ngelo xesha, ezo njineli zesityalo "ngothango" phantsi kobunkokheli uMyili oyiNtloko GI Sergeeva liphuhlise zokudubula yinxalenye ukufakelwa ACS "Peony". Rotor eyenzelwe warhead kwisikimu lwamandulo, kodwa iqela lemisebenzi esemqoka. Umzekelo, isisombululo umdla yaba umphanda usebenza (ingqalelo uyilo monoblock sakudala). Kwakugcwele a breech, umbhobho pivot, yemiqadi yokuhlanganisa, bushings kunye nezindlu. Umbhali wale kuyilo lo injineli Obukhov mveliso A. A. Kolokoltsev, abasungula kwayo yoma zenkulungwane lokugqibela. Ukukhethwa sigqibo ngenxa yokuba lo zokudubula yokulwa izixhobo ophezulu-mandla (oko kukuthi i "Peony") luxhomekeke yokonakala ngokukhawuleza kakhulu yenxalenye yangaphakathi ye umphanda xa agxothwe. Ngenxa yoko, omnye-sifuba, nto leyo zibe sendleleni, kufuneka ithunyelwe endaweni isityalo kufuna utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo kwexesha. Konke oku kukhokelela ekuphelisweni kwenkqubo ukuhlohla ixesha elide. iziqu lokukha efanayo zibuye yokonakala ngokukhawuleza, kodwa inkqubo replacement kunokwenzeka kakhulu ngokubhekiselele workshop zokudubula, ibekwe kwindawo ngokungqalileyo, akudingi izixhobo ezithile kwaye ilula.

"UThixo okukhona zenyukliya War"

Yaba isiteketiso wafumana umpu entsha entabeni, xa ngowe-1975 kwayo Wayisondeza inkunzi abayili zesityalo Leningrad. I-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezoKhuselo ngoko nangoko malunga noku i ACS entsha. Kwaye emva kokuba uthotho lekomiti ingcali mveliso kunye intsimi uvavanyo wamnika go-phambili ukuze unikholekise wayo inkonzo nokuyiphehlelela kwimveliso. Kwakuloo nyaka mnye, le iikopi kuqala ukungena emkhosini. izixhobo ezintsha swi imikhosi zokudubula kwamandla ezizodwa, kwaye kujongwe ukuba ukucinezela kwaye ukuphelisa iindlela zokudubula wentshabalalo enyukliya, mortars, izixhobo ezinzima, izinto ezifunyanwayo, umyalelo yokukhokhela utshaba kunye neendawo zolawulo. kweminyaka esibhozo kamva, ngowe-1983, ukufakelwa "Peony" unenzondelelo eli langoku yokuqala. Le modeli iphuculiweyo igama ikhowudi - "kaMalka". Grau index ihleli injalo; kuphela ibe inqaku: "M" -2S7M. Ngokuqiniseka bathi ukuba iinjineli Soviet kuyilo yayo ngaphambi kwexesha, kuba kwathabatha phantse iminyaka engama-40 ukususela okukhutshwa "Peony" yokuqala, kodwa oku akuthethi ukuthintela ukuba ahlale kule mini umpu kakhulu enamandla kwaye ethandwa entabeni ehlabathini. Ngokutsho kwamanani asemthethweni, ngaphezu kwama-300 yezi zixhobo zaveliswa ngo-1975. Emva kokuwa yiSoviet Union, izakhiwo abaninzi kwamanye amazwe, kodwa qhubeka ukukhonza ngokufanelekileyo imikhosi elalisakuba yiSoviet Union. Ngokutsho kwiSebe lezoKhuselo, njengoko ka-2010 bekukho 130 imipu self-ngokwaso "Peony" units emkhosini Russian. Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na ukohluka yale nkqubo zokudubula yaye kutheni, nangona ukuvela iindidi ezintsha kwezixhobo ehlala ihleli, umkhosi mihla Russian ibandakanya ezi matshini imfazwe ngexesha elidlulileyo, cinga ngeempawu zobugcisa ufakelo.

Inkcazelo kokwakhiwa zokudubula ezimbaxa "Peony"

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, imipu self-ngokwaso "Peony" yenziwe kunye conning nemboniselo inxalenye evulekileyo, oko kukuthi cebo yokuzibhubhisa. Ufakelo gun ethathwe open aft qha isisu semoto. Xa ngaphambi kwelona gumbi yolawulo ibekwe umzimba, ibekwe phambili injini-transmission gumbi, kulandele ukwahlulwa ekubaleni livale nenqaba conning. Vehicles Corps ngokumila engaqhelekanga kakhulu - uphawu kude phambili cabin crew ukhonza counterweight ezongezelelweyo imipu onzima. Service gun entabeni, "Peony" usebenzisa iqela labantu elinesine, bosixhenxe - abasebenza le ACS. Kwi sikhundla zinokugcinwa, yalila ifumaneka kwi lamagumbi yokubala kunye nolawulo, kunye asixhenxe ezisele ngelori ekhethekileyo okanye abasebenzi vehicles yenethiwekhi.

Umzimba aft enyusiweyo 203 mm umpu, enamandla (2A44), apho lokulinganisa tons 14.6. Ngaphezu kokuba isisixhobo wadala lokukha, ine- inani eyongezelelweyo ezintsha. Ngokomzekelo, ukungavumi eyakhayo ukusebenzisa kusisithintelo isicheme olunikiweyo uxinzelelo encinane kuwugcina ngokuwubopha kwindawo ekubaleni. Esi sisombululo uvumelekile ukuba sokwala ukhuseleko ekhethekileyo ezongezelelweyo ukwenzela ukubala yesondlo. 203mm gun ifakwe yokusebenza piston lizulu lokutyhala-ezotyhalo wesekethe. It ivula ivale ngokuzenzekelayo ngenxa mechanical drive ngexesha elifanayo kuyenzeka ukuba wenze lo msebenzi ngesandla. I ACS "Pion" pitch balandela dosylka oonokrwece kuthwalwa kwitsheyini yokulayisha indlela ekhethekileyo ukusebenza kuyo nayiphi na engile ulwalathiso othe tye kunye nkqo. Le isisombululo kuyilo ziyakwehlisa ngokubonakalayo ixesha recharge, ngaloo ndlela ukunyusa izinga zakhiwo.

Powertrain kunye nenombolo ACS

Le zokudubula kakhulu ezinamandla self-ngokwaso kwihlabathi mayixhotyiswe iyunithi ezimilise V--diesel elinambini amandla B-46-1, ifakwe turbocharging. amandla injini iilitha 750. a. Ukusebenzisa le yunithi amandla enika-ton 46 self-ngokwaso ukukhawulezisa ukusa ngesantya-50 km / h. Ngaphezu koko, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza elizenzekelayo ezintsokothileyo injini-transmission igumbi ezongezelelweyo idizili wenkunkuma umthamo efakiweyo zeelitha 24. a. Ukuphucula ukudluliselwa hanya ngoomatshini kunye gearbox Wotho kunye uthumelo emoyeni belibolekiwe evela T-72. Ngaloo ndlela, iyunithi self-ngokwaso abe zokuhambisa umbane ngomatshini iiplanethi ngesantya ezisibhozo-single-ibhodi yaye kukho izixhobo ekunciphiseni.

Kwisisu semoto kumacala omabini umzimba wafumana amavili indlela ezisixhenxe torsion-uhlobo kumiswa, baxhotyiswa kunye tshixo ngamnye absorbers umothuko hydraulic. Uninzi macandelo isisu semoto i abolekwe i T-80. Enyanisweni, lo SAU isisu semoto "Peony" yi uhlobo zaphuculwa ye-T-isisu semoto 80, nkqu amavili uqhuba kukhona front-imvelaphi inyuselwa khona.

beqhumisa

Imisebenzi ye kulayishwa izixhobo ezenziwe ukulawula okhethekileyo, feed iqokobhe yenziwa usebenzisa yokukhwelisa standard uniaxial. Xa ujongise imipu kusetyenziswa actuators mechanical kunye electro-kubunzulu baphantsi. Rate zokudubula complex "Peony" i kuqhume isiqingatha ngomzuzu. Ufakelo ibandakanya iindlela ezilandelayo lomlilo 8 ipali imizuzu emi-5; 15 ipali nganye imizuzu-10; kuqhume 24 imizuzu engama-20; 30 rounds imizuzu engama-30 nama-40 ngeyure nganye. Esiqwini kwimimandla yawo phezulu nasezantsi iindlela bahlehla hydropneumatic. ubude gun bahlehla nama-1400 mm. Ngenxa amandla omkhulu yeyunithi, iinjineli ziye Bakhokelindini ezizodwa, apho ibekwe inxalenye aft lomzimba. Bona efakwe ngqo phambi zokudubula emhlabeni, badlale indima isekela abancedisayo. Ukongeza, ukuba uhlawule bahlehla amandla oqaphelekayo kakhulu emzimbeni aft enyusiweyo uhlobo ugandaganda nezembe. Oku kulawulwa hydraulic drive. Ngeli adubula lo somhlaba nzulu emhlabeni ukuya ubunzulu 700 mm, ngaloo ndlela kubonelelwa noziqulathe-ngokwaso uzinzo kakhulu. Ukongeza, kuba kukufakwa imikhosi bahlehla abayili aye itshixa inkqubo hardpoints gidroamortizatornyh izileyi eziphambili qha isisu semoto zisihla amavili sikhokelo.

Ngokusetyenziswa kweendlela anti-bahlehla ngempumelelo kakhulu leHamas imipu mazenziwe kuluhlu olubanzi engile iveni. Ngenxa yoko, ulwazi lwe-engile enqamlezileyo degrees 30, kwaye nkqo - kuluhlu degrees 0 ukuya kuma-60.

Kwimeko apho badubula uvela emhlabeni, ukubala ingasetyenziswa inqwelo enamavili amabini apho iintlawulo kunye projectiles eDibanisa okuninzi kwi lokukhwelisa ekhethekileyo asuswayo. Nezikhali zokudubula inkqubo "Peony" yi rounds 40 kulayishwa eyahlukileyo. Abane kubo zigcinwa kwi gumbi aft kwaye anike unikezelo likaxakeka, kwaye abanye bathuthwayo uhlobo imoto, wayibeka phezu komhlaba ukulungiselela ukudubula ACS.

izikhali

Uluhlu emthethweni, "Peony" into zahlukahlukene kakhulu: oonokrwece-203 mm kunye ZVOF42 ZVOF43, ebudeni 30F43, ZOF44 esebenzayo-izidubuli high-neziqhushumbisi, ZVOF15 kunye ZVOF16 isimangalo nokuqhekeka okuphawulekayo izakhi 3-0-14. Ukulwa "Peony 'yokuzoba lixhotyiswe uhlobo emehlweni ngoomatshini D-726, K-collimator 1, PG-1m panorama. Ngaphezu koko, akukho ilungiselelwa uhlobo isixhobo abalibona ezongezelelweyo MA-4m wasebenzisa umlilo xa ngqo. Ukukhusela abantu kunye nofakelo ACS lugqityiwe kunye nezixhobo mntu benqanawa leyo: oku kuquka iingalo ezincinane (umpu ezine umpu umsi), kunye ngexabiso-kuqhube sokuqhumisa RPG-7 MANPADS "Strela-2", kwakunye F-1 iziqhushumbisi.

izixhobo zenyukliya kunye nokhuselo

zokudubula self-kuqhube "Peony" uyakwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kungquzulwano ngezixhobo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zenyukliya. Ukuze benze oku, i-ACS lineyunithi nocococ, inkqubo yokhuseleko emlilweni oluzenzekelayo, ngokulitywina inkqubo amagumbi elimiweyo, nako ukukhusela abasebenzi kunye ukubalwa imiphumela izixhobo zenyukliya, bacteriological kunye imichiza. Ukongeza, lixhotyiswe izixhobo yamacebo yomnxeba zangaphakathi, koonomathotholo kunye nombono ebusuku. Kuba isicelo lwemipu self-ngokwaso ukuhlasela utshaba atom "Peony" Ungasebenzisa iimbumbulu ezizodwa zikhali. Ukusetyenziswa amaqokobhe enjalo yenzeka kuphela xa umyalelo umyalelo ofanelekileyo eliphezulu. Kulo mzekelo adume ukuya kwindawo ukudutyulwa kusiwa enesithuba eyodwa yokugcina kwindawo eziKhuselekileyo wonogada. enomjukujelwa Nuclear eyenzelwe ukutshabalalisa ingakumbi enkulu izibonelelo, izixhobo zoshishino, izihloko eentloko ezaxhobela lutshaba, njl uluhlu ubuncinane ngomlilo loo iimbumbulu yi-18 km, kwaye ubuninzi -. km 30.

Self-kuqhube zokudubula ufakelo 2S7M "kaMalka"

Ngowe-1983, KB inani 3 zesityalo laseKirov kuye kwaphuculwa ukufakelwa "Peony". Ngenxa yoko, imodeli ehlaziyiweyo yayahlukile owayephambi yayo, amacandelo isisu semoto rubberized, ukongeza, kwisisu semoto zenziwa esuka izinto eziphakamileyo-amandla. Inkqubo esilawula sisixhobo entsha lomlilo, ekwaziyo ukufumana ulwazi kwimo oluzenzekelayo. Ukongeza, iinjineli ziye lugqibelele ukukhweliswa Indlela ezisemaphandleni ngokutsha igcwale pilings. amacala namandla eliphezulu izixhobo zaqaliswa, kwaye ubonelelo olungxamisekileyo of iimbumbulu lwandiswa nakwiiyunithi ezisibhozo. Le nezikhali entsha ziquka projectile irula oluncediswa. Ukongeza, i-ACS "kaMalka" uyimisele kusini na inkqubo yolawulo imigaqo yokusebenza olusoloko kwesifo oluzenzekelayo imeko zonke ezisezantsi engundoqo yeyunithi zokudubula.

Ukuphuculwa kwisisu semoto eye wavumela ukuba ukukhulisa motocross resource ayi ishumi lamawaka. Ngenxa yotshintsho kofakelo ekude kokuxhuzulwa yesixhobo, le nkqubo iye kunokwenzeka nakweliphi engile walala nkqo. Ukongeza, izinga complex (1.6 amaxesha) yandiswe ngokubonakalayo - rounds 2.5 ngomzuzu, kwaye ukudubula gqolo iiyure ezintathu. ulawulo lomlilo okufana negumbi oluzenzekelayo data bavunyelwe ukuba bafumane uququzelelo iithagethi nge seyenziwe futhi isitishi serediyo lithetha zonxibelelwano uze emva koko ibonisa ukuba phezu digital izixhobo ukubonisa gunner kunye nomphathi, apho inkqubo isikhokelo sendlela ngokuzenzekelayo ingqalelo inguqu kwiimeko zemozulu. Le nezikhali entsha ziquka projectile irula oluncediswa, ukudubula uluhlu leyo km 55 kude, kwakunye ngobuciko eliphezulu kwaye anti-itanki adume ekwinqwelo injini yegusha jet.

Namhlanje, ACS "Peony" yaye "kaMalka" zinethuba ngenxa yotshintsho ngakumbi, ukuba unako ukuyigcina kunye namaxesha usebenzise yokugcina zayo izixhobo zale mihla, kuquka izixhobo yamacebo ngqo-guided.

St Petersburg Museum of zokudubula

Eli ziko yasekwa ngo-1703 ngokomyalelo uPetros yokugcina - indawo yokugcina oonokrwece zokudubula ukwazi nekulula. Apha kulo lonke ilizwe ziye ofumbethe izinto zexabiso kunye umdla. Kamva kulo mboniso waqalisa ukongeza ezinye iintlobo izixhobo, seeflegi, iiyunifomu, kuquka lendebe. Kamva, ngemihla ka-Elizabeth, i Museum zokudubula labizwa ngokuba igumbi ekhumbulekayo, waza wayibeka endlwini cast. Kwaye kuphela ukusukela ngo 1869 eli ziko waqalisa ukuba ngenkuthalo kuchuma. Kulo nyaka Museum of zokudubula ekuchithweni kwayo Kronwerk inxalenye yesakhiwo, apha zibekwe kwingqokelela emkhosini-zembali. Ngexesha leSoviet, ngo-1963, elo ziko lifumana imali ye-Central Historical Museum of Military Engineering, yaye kwiminyaka emibini kamva iquka Military Museum of Communications.

wamema Iindwendwe ukuba aqhelane zazenziwe izixhobo iingqokelela yehlabathi evela kumazwe-55, ukusukela kwinkulungwane elinesine ukuya namhlanje. Apha ungabona phakathi imiboniso isixhobo lobuqu asebukhosini, abathetheli ezibalaseleyo, amaxwebhu unique, amabhaso zomkhosi, iiyunifomu zomkhosi, imifuziselo iinqaba kunye iinqaba, kwaye ngaphezulu. aziwayo Yahlula zimelwe zokudubula Russian, kuquka iisampulu zovavanyo Shuvalova guns Nartova kunye nabanye.

Military Historical Museum of zokudubula yeyona likhulu ingqokelela kwilizwe kwezixhobo of Western Europe kwiinkulungwane XV-XVII. Ngo-2006 eli ziko wavula umboniso omtsha imbali yemicimbi yamajoni kumaXesha Aphakathi, le Renaissance kunye nexesha yokuqala mihla. Zokudubula Museum yandwendwelwa bobabini abadala kunye nabantwana, apha entendelezweni Kronwerk thaca iintlobo mihla kwezikhali yomkhosi Russian, ezifana enjalo enomjukujelwa qhinga entsonkothileyo mobile "Topol" RS-12m esekelwe emhlabeni-kunye nabanye abaninzi. Iindwendwe abakwazi ukubona kuphela kodwa ukuze azichukumise izandla zenu, thatha umfanekiso ecaleni uLizo zabasebenzi ngummeli wowona ulungileyo ukhuseleko welizwe lethu ekuhlaselweni lwangaphandle. Ngapha koko, uninzi lwabafundi abe umhlobo phezulu nezi ndidi izixhobo ezifana ACS, amatanki, abathwali abasebenzi vehicles, amaqhosha zokudubula, abathi esilufumana imidlalo yekhompyutha kunye bhanya nomabonakude. Kodwa xa wabona amehlo abo, weva amandla endimbambe kunye nezixhobo, ukuba kuxhotyiswa bonke ngokuphathelele hayi kuphela kumsebenzi emkhosini, kodwa ukuba abayili odale ezi matshini emangalisayo. Abantwana kunye nabantu abadala baya kuba umdla ukutyelela imibhiyozo kunye emkhosini-zembali ngokutsha, kunye nokwenziwa kwemisebenzi yamalungu Club of zokubiyela zembali "Omangalisayo", ezo zibanjwa rhoqo kumabala myuziyam. Ukuze iindwendwe lwembali awayengenakuyilibala aqinisekisiwe!