Portraits - yiyiphi na? Intsingiselo yegama elithi "portraits". Sampuli

Ukuze siqonde intsingiselo yegama elithi "portraits", masikhumbule ekuqaleni kokuba eli binzana libolekekile kwisiFrentshi. NgesiFrentshi, amagama athi "umfanekiso" (umfanekiso, ubonisa) uthetha inkcazo ecacileyo yabantu ngabanye beliqela okanye iqela labo ngokusebenzisa uncwadi okanye ubugcisa obuhle. Ngaphezu koko, kunye nokufana kwangaphandle, umzobo kufuneka uthathe indawo yokomoya yomntu.

Ziziphi iimpawu?

Kwinkcubeko yethu, iifrira zihlobo oluthile lobugcisa obuhle. Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela efanelekileyo imifanekiso ifaneleke ngayo, i-portrait ingaba ukukhula, oko kukuthi, umntu kulo mfanekiso uboniswe ubude obude, isifuba, isikhumba, okanye eyakhiwe. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kwimiba yomibini kunye nokujika komntu. Kukho imizobo ebusweni obupheleleyo, xa ubuso bubhetele ngqo kumbukeli; Iikota ezintathu - nantsi intloko kunye nomzobo zithunyelwa kancane kwicala lasekunene okanye langasekhohlo; Ewe, ke, imifanekiso yeprofayili.

Kwaye kukho izinto ezibizwa ngokuba yimikhosi, apho, njengommiselo, ubonisa abantu abanezinga eliphezulu lezentlalo kwiimpahla ezisemthethweni kunye neengxaki ezithintekayo, okanye iifowuni apho abantu bangabonwa khona kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo zasemakhaya okanye emsebenzini. Iifayili zezobugcisa zithathwa ngabaculi kwiipensela, i-charcoal, i-sanguine, i-pastel. Umzobo obalaseleyo wesimboli ubhalwe ngeoli kwinqanawa okanye ezinye iipayipi (i-watercolor, i-gouache, i-tempera, iiprikisi ze-acrylic) ephepheni okanye kwikhadibhodi.

Kukho nezo-self-portraits, iifayili, kunye neengxelo zokubhala. Siza kuthetha ngabo ngokwahlukileyo.

Abadumi bezithombe zaseRussia abaziwayo

Akunabo bonke abaculi abanetalente abanokuthabatha amanani kunye nobuso babantu, kwaye baninzi banokukwazi ukudlulisela kakuhle imifanekiso ebonakalayo. Ngokomzekelo, umculi welizwe elimangalisayo uLeviyiti wayengenayo italente ye-portraitist. Wayesoloko ebhala nje kuphela uhlobo. Kodwa abaculi baseRussia njengo-IE Repin okanye VA Serov, babenetalente yendawo yonke eyabavumela ukuba babhale ngokukhululekileyo babini kunye nemvelo.

Iimpawu ezidumileyo ze-Repin portraits ziyi-"Portrait of Chaliapin", imizobo "Ngelanga" (ebonisa uNadezhda Ilyinichna Repina), "I-Autumn Bouquet", "Dragonfly" (apha umdwebi wachaza umfanekiso wentombi yakhe) kunye neminye eminye imisebenzi eyenziwa ngumculi omkhulu. Kubugcisa baseRussia kukho igalari epheleleyo yemifanekiso emihle yeefoto. Kulo hlobo lwentlobo lwasebenza IP Argunov, uDG Levitsky, FS Rokotov, VL Borovikovsky, KP Bryullov kunye namanye amakhosi.

I-Self-portraits

I-Self-portraits - olu hlobo lwezobugcisa obufanelekileyo lufanele luqwalaselwe ngokukhethekileyo. Iifoto zifana nomfanekiso wobugcisa ngaye, njengokuba uzibona nje ukuba uvela ngaphandle. Akuyena wonke umntu okwazi ukubonisa indlela engakhethiyo nangenyaniso. Iingcali zengqondo zithi abantu bavame ukubona umfanekiso wabo kwisibuko ngendlela eyahlukileyo, kungekhona ngendlela efanayo nabo bajikelezayo. Kodwa iimbono ziyakwazi ukuzibheka ngokungakhethi. Abanye abaphandi abadumileyo bazoloko bezobe bezenzele zabo iimpawu. Ngokomzekelo, umculi-umshicileli weVag Gogh. Kuze kube ngoku, ii-self-portraits ezingama-35, ezibhaliweyo kwiminyaka eyahlukeneyo yobomi bakhe, ziye zafika kuye.

Omnye umgcini werekhodi kwimifanekiso yakhe-Albrecht Durer (iingubo ezingama-50). Kodwa ubunkokeli obungenasiphelo kwinani le-self-portraits linge-Flemish Rembrandt. Kukho amaninzi angama-90 okukhangela apho umfanekiso wakhe obhalwe nguye ngokwakhe. I-Self-portraits nayo yabhalwa nguLeonardo da Vinci, uSandro Botticelli, uDure noGauguin. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ezinye iimbali-mlando zobugcisa zithembele kwingcamango yokuba igama elithi "Gioconda" elidumileyo lingelona nto engaphezulu kwengubo evulekileyo yeDa Vinci. Le nguqulo, nangona iphikisana, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo iyathakazelisa.

Iincwadi zokubhala

Iincwadi zokubhala zithandwa kakhulu. Ngomfanekiso omhle, umculi onetalente akanako ukubonisa zonke iimpawu zobuntu bomntu, imikhwa yakhe, njl. Kodwa incwadi yesimboli inokukwazi ukujamelana nomsebenzi onjalo. Ndiyabulela kwimifanekiso yokubhala yabantu abakhulu abadalwa ngababhali emva kokufunda ngokucophelela imithombo yeembali kunye neengxelo zokuzibonela ngamehlo, ngoku singabonakalisa kwingcaciso encinci imifanekiso ka Leo Tolstoy, u-Alexander Pushkin, uNikolai Gogol nabanye abaninzi abalobi abakhulu, Abaculi kunye nobuntu bembali.

Ngokuqhelekileyo imizobo yokubhala eneenkcukacha zingachazwa kwiimemori zobugcisa. Umntu kumaphepha encwadi uxelela ngobomi bakhe, malunga nexesha lembali, apho lafika khona, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo lithetha ngabantu ababekufuphi, malunga namabakala ayenzeka kubo. Umzekelo woluhlobo olunjalo luhlobo lwencwadi nguT TA Kuzminskaya "Ubomi Bam e-Yasnaya Polyana", apho axoxanga nje ibali lakhe lobomi, kodwa ngokucacileyo uxelela ibali lobomi bukaLeon Tolstoy kunye nosapho lwakhe.

Iifoto zeefoto

Ewe, ekugqibeleni, sifika kwiifoto zezithombe. Ekupheleni kwee-30 zeeyesi zeXIXX. UmFrentshi uLouis Daguerre wasungula ifoto. Ukususela ngoko, abantu baye banethuba elihle lokubamba imifanekiso yabo ngokukhawuleza nangona naluphina. Iinkonzo zabaculi ngamaxesha onke zabiza kakhulu, ngoko kwangaphambili abantu abacebileyo nabadumileyo abanakho ukufumana iimpawu zabo. Kodwa ngokuza kwendlela yokufota, yonke into ishintshile. Ngoku wonke umntu unokushiya imifanekiso yakhe kwinzala kwimemori. Iifoto zofoto zihlobo oluhlukeneyo. Ikhamera ayinayo imizwa kwaye ilungisa iimpawu zomntu ngokunyanisekileyo, ngexesha elifanayo liyakwazi ukuthatha iimvakalelo, umlingiswa womntu kunye nehlabathi lakhe elingokomoya.

Siyabulela kwisithombe, sinokugweba namhlanje ukubonakala kwabantu abaswele ixesha elide. Kukho imifanekiso emihle yeefoto zikaSergei Yesenin, uVladimir Mayakovsky, u-Albert Einstein, uLevi Nikolaevich Tolstoy kunye nabanye abanolwazi abanolwazi abaye benza igalelo elikhulu ekuphuhlisweni kwezinto zobugcisa nezenzululwazi kwimpucuko yethu.