Plane Myasishcheva: moya Projects

Igama le obalaseleyo Soviet umyili-moya Vladimir Mikhailovich Myasishcheva yaziwa kwi yee-gqira zenkulungwane lokugqibela ngokubanzi. Yaba ngeli thuba moya yayo kuqala kuboniswa kuluntu.

VM Myasischev wadlula zonke izigaba zophuhliso moya. umsebenzi wakhe yokusebenza waqala nje draftsman elula, ugcwalise ngumyili intloko yayo.

iinqwelomoya Myasishcheva (iifoto kunokubonwa kweli nqaku) zazifuneka ngamandla USSR.

Oku kwaba ngenxa yokufika kwezixhobo zenyukliya. Ukuyiwisa enyukliya kwi eJapan, eUnited States lazise ihlabathi malunga isiqalo sexesha elitsha zenyukliya yokuzilungiselela ukongama kwayo. Noko ke, emva kokuvela izixhobo zenyukliya eSoviet Union phambi nenkokheli lizwe got umbuzo obalulekileyo malunga ithuba lokuhambisa enyukliya kummandla ingozi yotshaba. Ukuhlangabezana nale ngxaki kwandinceda yaphuhliswa USSR moya Myasishcheva.

Intlanganiso yokuqala kunye ukundiza

Myasischev Vladimir Mihaylovich wazalwa 28/09/1902, e Efremov kwidolophu, ibekwe kwiphondo Tula. Esengumntwana, waba itakane eqhelekileyo, musani ukubonisa nayiphi umdla buciko. Kwiminyaka 11, uVladimir ababhaliswe esikolweni yasekuhlaleni yobugcisa, apho wayefunda khona bent kwemathematika program.

Ngexesha leMfazwe Civil e Yefremov wayeka looding labaqhubi zomkhosi endleleni yabo eya Southern Front. Vladimir, ngubani abebone ngeenxa engaphambili ukuba moya kuphela imifanekiso magazini, angaqwalasela kakuhle "iintaka yentsimbi 'buqu aze ithuba angawachukumisi. Kamva esi siganeko Myasischev echazwe memoirs zakhe. Wabonisa ukuba intlanganiso ne-moya ibe abayibonayo soze enjalo phezu kwakhe ukuba iye kwangaphambili nxi yonke.

studentship

Московского Высшего Технического училища . Ngowe-1920, Vladimir Myasischev waya eMoscow wangena isici ngomatshini le Moscow Higher Technical School. Wahlanganisa izifundo zakhe draftsman umsebenzi kwi Sci-pilot Air Force indiza. Apha wazama kuqala isandla sakhe kwindima umyili. Amava kuyilo moya, efunyenwe kulo msebenzi, uVladimir luncedo kwiphupha lakhe elizayo.

Iprojekthi thesis Myasishcheva wachukumisa umxholo zonke-metal mbono. Oku oko wathi emsebenzini wakhe kuyilo engaganwanga kwaphela. Kuloo minyaka eSoviet Union kwaba kuphela-metal yonke moya imbovane-3, ke ngumqondo A. N. Tupoleva. Oku kungqina ezintsha nokuntsonkotha sakhethwa Myasishchev. Noko ke, nangona oku, zediploma wakhe Vladimir waziphendulela ngempumelelo.

Qala umsebenzi

Emva kokuphumelela Myasischev yaba lilungu le-Central Aero-Hydrodynamic Institute. umphathi wakhe ngoko nangoko kwi TsAGI waba Vladimir Petlyakov, intloko yecandelo etikweni. принимал самое активное участие во многих работах. Apha Vladimir yathatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwimisebenzi emininzi. ТБ 1 и ТБ 3 , а также проектировал для этих самолетов бомбовые отсеки. Waba amaphiko imifuziselo ekuhlaseleni TB 1 no-3-TB, kwaye kananjalo eyenzelwe aba moya intlekele bay. Kwaye ngeli thuba Myasischev akwazi ukungqina wazibonakalisa njengomyili nesiphiwo, edibanisa imisebenzi eyabelwe oko kuphando.

Ukunikezwa entsha

umyili Young abanomdla kumsebenzi AN Tupolev. moya idumileyo neyandlalwe isebe ulawulo Myasishcheva zizinikeleyo aneziphiwo of moya zovavanyo. , Владимир Михайлович получил задание спроектировать торпедоносец. Ukuba le sikhundla, uVladimir wanikwa umsebenzi ukuyila inomzimba. Yaba Myasishcheva moya yokuqala. Inomzimba, leyo ukuba ezinye izisombululo yasekuqaleni, iye yavavanywa ngempumelelo. Nangona kunjalo, xa sokugunyaziswa omnye bagxotha kwendiza. Kulo khona inomzimba sele igqityiwe.

amava zokuboleka

века советские конструкторы не могли предложить стране надежные самолеты. Kule 30 zenkulungwane yama-20, nabayili Soviet bengakwazi ukunikela ilizwe moya ethembekileyo. самолет DC 3 в Америке. Ngoko ke urhulumente waseSoviet wagqiba ukuthenga moya umkhweli phambili DC 3 eMelika. nokuma kwawo zingasetyenziswa ngeendlela ezimbini - umkhweli kunye nezothutho. VM Myasischev wangena uthumo lo moya, yaye ngoko ke wacelwa ukuba ukufunda imizobo moya translation intshi ku metric. Nangona kunjalo, le meko iye ukuba beziswe esiphelweni.

ejele iminyaka

тюрьмой. Ngowe-1938 Myasischev wabanjwa baze bafakwe ofisi yoyilo evaliweyo, intolongo. этого места – ЦКБ 29 НКВД . Igama esemthethweni kule ndawo - 29 CKB NKVD. Le Bureau wabanjwa moya ziye zasebenza nokudalwa moya. Myasischev ayesebenza phantsi kweliso ngqo Petlyakova apha. Yila karma - wanikwa umsebenzi phambi kwabo.

Kwezi meko yentolongo ezinzima, lo moya Myasishcheva yesibini wadalwa - eliphezulu-iyenzeka elide-uluhlu bomber. Le projekthi wabonwa ngurhulumente, nto leyo eye wavumela Vladimir Mikhailovich waya ofisi yakhe design kowabo. Kwaye kakade 1938, ndabona ukukhanya iprojekthi umsebenzi omtsha. Yaba moya Myasishcheva - esikude high-ephakame bomber DVB-102. New kule kwafuneka iindawo ezimbalwa:

- endlwaneni xinzelelo, apho yabaqhubi zigcinwa 4;

- imitha ezintandathu ibhombu high bay;

- umpu, apho ulawulo kunokwenziwa kude.

Ngowe-1940, 29 le-CDB NKVD Myasischev sakhutshelwa eOmsk ngaphandle kokuba unelungelo lokushiya. Esi sixeko baqhubeka kuyilo moya asingomkhwa-102. Lo matshini yokuqala yale modeli yakhiwa kakade 1941, ebonisa isantya elungileyo kunye nokuphakama ngexesha lovavanyo. kulindeleke Ngaphantsi kuphela ye-flight uluhlu bomber, ngenxa kunye nemveliso yayo serial ayizange isetyenziswe. Noko ke, uRhulumente waphawula umsebenzi wengcibi yokuluka xa kuwongwa kuye Prize State.

Kanye kwingozi moya wabulala VM Petlyakov, Myasischev baqhubeka imeko ekudalweni bomber emanzini. Ebudeni beminyaka yemfazwe e Kazan mveliso, apho umyili esebenza rhoqo kudala KB, wakhululwa malunga ezilishumi ulungiso-moya.

Le minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe

Nangona yokuba ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo Myasischev echumayo wawongwa Order of Suvorov benza elikwinqanaba jikelele ezinkulu, Bureau wakhe ohlulwa ngo-1946. Vladimir Mikhailovich waqala ukusebenza njenge nhloko, wakhokela Aircraft Department of the Moscow Aviation Institute. курс «Конструкция и проектирование самолетов ». Apha sifunda ukuba abafundi ikhosi "Ulwakhiwo noyilo moya."

Iminyaka umsebenzi kwi Mai Myasischev azinikele nakuqeqesho lweenjineli abaselula. Apha waqhubeka nenxaxheba ekwakhiweni moya. icebo yakhe ukuyila elide-uluhlu bomber zeqhinga jet. Ngokuba umsebenzi wakhe, waza watsala abafundi ngokuthi wayebanika izihloko eziyimfuneko coursework zezidanga. Le projekthi okubangelwa yavunywa yi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa of Industry Aviation. Myasishcheva kwakhona wacela ukuba abe yintloko isayizi yawo.

Ukudala ekuhlaseleni qhinga

myasishchev New waqala ukuphila kwayo ngo-1951, ngoko nangoko Vladimir Mikhailovich waphinda zonke abayili endisebenze kuyo kwiminyaka edlulileyo. Ukungeniswa KB wanikwa inombolo izityalo moya 22. Iindibano zocweyo lwemveliso ezibe Fili.

moya Myasishchev kuphuhliswa kunye iingcamango ngokwesiseko ezintsha. Bona oluchaphazelekayo ezihamba kunye nokwakha moya. Ngoko ke, la moya unika "ibhayisekile" izixhobo kokwehla. Baba yokubeka ezimbini ezisisiseko kwi fuselage kunye nezinye izinto ezimbini ezincinane kwi iziphelo kwamaphiko. Ngonyaka we-Bureau kule isityalo ngaphantsi kwe kwathunyelwa malunga 55.000 imizobo.

Test bomber qhinga

Kuthiwa ukuba uMikayeli ifunyanwa ngawo onke emva kwemfazwe-moya Myasishcheva, - "M". Eyokuqala yenziwa ngo-1952 Ngo-Oktobha, wathabatha uvavanyo lwakhe lokuqala emhlabeni kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya kubo. Zhukovsky. Le ethile kuphela ezinkulu moya, obemiswe ngexesha yerekhodi (ngeenyanga 22), waye amafutha ebalulekileyo. Noko ke, ingongoma apha injini yakhe, nto leyo eyenzelwe CB A. A. Mikulina.

Yokuqala Soviet zeqhinga bomber jet kuqala lathumela zezulu, 20/01/1953, ngokulula alishiye evulekile. Ezi ndiza zaye igama myasishchev M 4. yabaqhubi ngubani Yaphaphazela yeza kubo, waphawula lula kolingelo kwii-moya - usebenziso olulula.

Ukuphucula imodeli

Nangona uhlolo elungileyo, VM Myasischev ayizange iphelele apho. Uqhubile uphuculo M 4. kweenyanga nje ezimbini, iinjineli Bureau yakhe ziphuhliswe zize zisiwe izityalo ukuze ngemizobo ngaphezu amawaka asixhenxe, waqokelela, wadibanisa ukuguqulwa omtsha bomber. Yaba moya Myasishcheva M 3 iimvavanyo bomber omtsha indawo entwasahlobo ka-1956 e-isikhululo seenqwelo-moya e Zhukovsky. Kodwa emoyeni bekukho ingxaki kunye nolawulo, kunye Obazukisayo yenjini. Noko ke, uvavanyo umqhubi M. L. kuhamba kukwazi ukuba ilizwe-moya M3 Myasishcheva evulekile. Phezu komhlaba, zonke iingxaki ngokukhawuleza wafumana mazwe.

Emva koko, lo moya M3 Myasishcheva (bona ngezantsi ifoto) yanikwa imveliso series. Lo moya uye kuphuculwe yokubhabha kwaye bomber ophambili USSR.

Aircraft M efanayo 4 atshintshiwe kuyilo moya lisetyenzelwa kokufaka yonke zothutho kumgama mboni.

Ngaxeshanye umsebenzi ukulungiswa kunye nokuphuculwa ekuhlaseleni sele ekhoyo, iiprojekthi eziphathelele kuphuhliso Aviation qhinga. Yaba imodeli moya 31 Myasishcheva, kwakunye 32 no-34.

Ukuguqulwa 31 no 31 bomber ukuba isantya yokubhabha transonic. Model 32 supersonic. M Plane 34 balihlutha iimpawu moya liphezulu. Its santya siphezulu kunokwenzeka yokusabela - 1350 leekhilomitha ngeyure.

Zonke izifundo eyenziweyo kule projekthi, yaba isiseko umsebenzi myasishchev obalaseleyo ukuphuhlisa enomjukujelwa supersonic "Buran-40".

sithwala

Ngaxeshanye kunye nokudalwa ekuhlaseleni zomkhosi KB VM Myasishcheva benza ekuphuhliseni moya ngoxolo. Ngelishwa, le ofisi yoyilo projekthi umkhweli moya akazange afumane uphuhliso ngakumbi.

Le ndiza 50 M

Ngaphezu koko, urhulumente waseSoviet phathisa Vladimir Mikhailovich umsebenzi omtsha. Yaba moya Myasishcheva M 50, owaba bomber qhinga supersonic. Ngaphambi kokuba le nto ixesha uhlobo nkqu okuqikelelweyo ukundiza ehlabathini.

Plane M 50 waba iqondo eliphezulu esizisebenzelayo yolawulo, okuye kwanciphisa inani labasebenzi ukuya ezimbini. Kwaye Ezinye bomber laba yimpumelelo gqitha. Le ndawo buthathaka kuphela ukuba injini. Ngelo xesha kwi USSR, le yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye moya akazange abe namandla ngokwaneleyo, ukuthembeka kunye nobomi obude. Ukongeza, zonke iinjini ziveliswe kweli lizwe izibaso kakhulu. Andikwazanga ukufumana efanelekileyo iyunithi yaye moya Myasischev, kwaye iinqwelo-moya zayo M 50 azibanga nako ukufikelela isantya supersonic. Esi sizathu siphambili uyilo phambili ka Vladimir Mikhailovich ivaliwe. Plane M 50 osetyenziselwe iinjongo zovavanyo. Nazo zonke iintlobo ezintsha. ixesha lokugqibela M 50 wathabatha off kwi encinci yayiqandusela ngumkhosi Tushino. Ngokukhawuleza emva koko yeflayithi yena zizaku nikezelwa kudweliso Monino Museum yesixeko.

Enye iprojekthi woku myasishchev bomber supersonic M 52 Noko ke, njengoko njengakwimeko yangaphambili, lo moya ayifumanekanga kuyimfuneko ukuba yokusebenza yayo injini. Esibhakabhakeni i bomber yaye akazange avuke.

plant Manual pilot

Ngowe-1967, Vladimir Mikhailovich elindele isabelo esitsha. It yamkele kwisikhundla oyiNtloko kumatshini-isakhiwo yezityalo yokulinga, amandla yemveliso ifumaneka kwidolophu Zhukovsky. Kukho likwaqhuba CB encinane apho Myasischev ihlanganisa iqela yoyilo. этого Владимир Михайлович взялся за разработку стратегического сверхзвукового многорежимного бомбардировщика. Kuphela emva koko Vladimir wayichola uphuhliso qhinga multi-imo bomber supersonic. Ngokunxuseneyo imisebenzi yayo CB efanayo yenziwa yi amaqela PO Sukhoi and A. N. Tupoleva.

Myasishchev siphakamiso kwisekethe ngokwesiseko elitsha iphiko ukuba nditshayele variable. Ngaphambili, kwakukho isicombululo design obunjalo moya P. O. Suhova kunye neemodeli yaseMelika. Nangona kunjalo, zonke iinguqulelo zangaphambili ziye babenesabelo elifutshane kakhulu deflectable ye iphiko. Le projekthi V. M. Myasischeva ngaphezu kwabanye bonke. Le isisombululo kuyilo yasetyenziswa A. N. Tupolevym. Emva kokuba yimpumelelo kakhulu kukuba Myasischev eyenzelwe. самолета Владимира Михайловича . I-Tu-160 ekugqibeleni yakhiwe phantse ngokupheleleyo ngokusekelwe moya Vladimir Mikhailovich.

BEMZ ekhokelwa Myasishcheva kwenziwe kwaza emva koko wakha moya ukuze atshabalalise ibhaluni ukuba kule stratosphere. , способный развивать скорость до семисот километров в час , поднимаясь на высоту до двадцати двух тысяч метров. Yaba moya M 17, ekwaziyo ngesantya ayi amakhulu asixhenxe ngeyure, ukunyuka ukuya kubude amabini anamabini amawaka eemitha.

An igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso Aviation

Vladimir Mihaylovich Myasischev waya ekujoliswe kuphela tracks ezingazange. Munhu loyi oluninzi zobunjineli kunye nesipho zobugcisa kusengaphambili, waba izakhono ezinkulu lombutho, ukuzoba izisombululo zayo engaqhelekanga iqela lonke KB.

Impendulo yalo mbuzo oko ukulinganisa umnikelo lowo wengcibi yokuluka kwimbali eyama, ungafumana emva kokubukela le movie "Myasischev, inqwelomoya eziliqela kunye bonke ubomi" (2010).

Ngalinye imisebenzi Vladimir Mikhailovich kwaba intuthuko ngokwenene kwixesha elizayo. Kwaye, nangona inani elikhulu yeeprojekthi ukuya ekupheleni yenziwe kuphela nje ezimbalwa, moya nganye Myasishcheva wangena imbali Aviation yethu.

UVladimir wafa 14/10/1978, phantse inyanga emva semidesyatishestiletiya kwakhe. Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha senkulungwane wamnika Aviation Myasischev. Kule minyaka kuye ezilinyiweyo kubafundi abaninzi befanelekile. Abaninzi kubo, yaye namhlanje iyaqhubeka ukusebenza mboni.

umsebenzi Creative of Vladimir Mikhailovich ngumzekelo obalaseleyo ngenxa abayili abo basandula kuqalisa, kodwa indlela yakhe ukhokelo unako ukukhonza njengomzekelo abo namhlanje ubuyiso mhlaba nemibutho uphando kunye nophuhliso.