Robot Industrial. Robots emsebenzini. Imishini-robots

Ezi zixhobo ngoku ingakumbi ezifunwayo kuqoqosho. robot Industrial, a efanayo kancinane prototype yayo kule ncwadi ngokuthi "Rise of the Iirobhothi" Capek kaThixo - akuthethi kunkcenkceshela iingcamango yotshintsho olululo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, uye sazaliseka ngokuthembeka, yaye ngqo enkulu, njengoko ephambili neenkqubo zokuvelisa (ibandla, welding, ukupeyinta) kunye abangabancedani (ekulayisheni nokothula, i-nitrogen lemveliso ngexesha yokuvelisa, transfer).

Ukusetyenziswa ezinjalo oomatshini "smart" kunegalelo isisombululo olusebenzayo iingxaki ezintathu ezinkulu Imveliso:

• ukwandisa imveliso;
• ukuphucula iimeko abasebenza ngenxa yabantu;
• nokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo zabantu.

robots Industrial - ngumqondo yemveliso omkhulu-isikali

Robots ekuvelisweni kakhulu ingahlakazeki kwinkulungwane XX emva kwexesha ngenxa yokwanda kakhulu kwimveliso mveliso. imveliso series Large kwabangela isidingo sokuba ubunzulu kunye nomgangatho lo msebenzi, ukusebenza amakhulu amathuba abantu njongo. Kunokuba usebenzise amawaka amaninzi abasebenzi abanezakhono izityalo zeteknoloji mihla zisebenza imigca yemveliso kakhulu automated ezininzi ukusebenza kwimo discontinuous okanye umjikelezo oqhubekayo.

Iinkokeli kuphuhliso lobuchwepheshe ezinjalo, evakalisa ukusetyenziswa robhothi industrial unguye eJapan, USA, eJamani, eSweden naseSwitzerland. amaqela ibe amabini amakhulu yahlulwe yenziwe kumazwe zikhankanywe apha ngasentla, iirobhothi mveliso yangoku. Forms ubulungu zigqitywa iindlela zolawulo ngokwesiseko ezahlukeneyo ezimbini:

• zabantu oluzenzekelayo;
• izixhobo, indoda ekude-elawulwa.

Kutheni ukuwasebenzisa?

Malunga imfuneko yokudala baqala ukuthetha ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX. Noko ke, ngelo xesha akazange ayisekho isiseko element ngenxa sicwangciso. Namhlanje, emva ngobulukhuni ezi robhothi ixesha umatshini zisetyenziswa uninzi lamashishini yempucuko.

Ngelishwa, kwakhona izixhobo ezinjalo oomatshini "ukhaliphile" lwamashishini lonke iyakuqhwalelisa wokwehla utyalo-mali. Nangona iingenelo yokusebenzisa ngaphaya ngokucacileyo iindleko zokuqala imali, kuba ukuvumela ukuba ukuthetha nje kuphela, hayi kangaka matshini, kodwa utshintsho olukhulu kwimveliso kunye nabasebenzi.

Ukusetyenziswa iirobhothi zoshishino uya ngempumelelo enze umntu uqhekeke-umva kubunzima nokuchaneka: ukulayisha / ukothula, ukufumba, iyalungisa, yokuqhelwaniswa iinxalenye; ezihambayo workpieces ukusuka kwenye irobhothi ukuya kwenye, yaye kweemveliso ezigqityiweyo - saya kwindawo yokugcina; indawo welding kunye komphetho iwelding; indibano components mechanical kunye elektroniki; cable ngokubekwa; nangokukrola workpieces of contour ezintsonkothileyo.

Le eneqikili njengenxalenye irobhothi mveliso

Osebenzayo oko kuhlanganisa umatshini "smart" of reprogrammable ACS (inkqubo yolawulo oluzenzekelayo) kwaye eliphakathi yokusebenza (inkqubo intshukumo kunye eneqikili mechanical). Ukuba ACS ngokuqhelekileyo compact ngokwaneleyo abangaboniyo efihliweyo kwaye akabi sukela ngqo iliso, kulwelo ukusebenza baneembono iimpawu ezinjalo ukuba robot mveliso ibizwa ngokuba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ". Eli eneqikili robot"

Ngokwengcaciso, lo eneqikili sisixhobo esenza intshukumo kwisithuba imiphezulu kunye neenjongo zemisebenzi ukusebenza. Ezi zixhobo luqulathe iintlobo ezimbini links. Okokuqala ukuqinisekisa uzinzo intshukumo. Okwesibini - ukubana emboxo. iiyunithi eziqhelekileyo ezifana intshukumo yayo isetyenziswa nokuba anomoya okanye ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi (enamandla ngaphezu) drive.

Eneqikili, okudalwe umzekeliso isandla ukusebenza izahlulo zixhotyiswe nge igripha yempucuko. Izixhobo ezahlukeneyo olu hlobo zifake ngqo iminwe mechanical ndandingohlukani. Xa sisebenza kunye nomphezulu caba izinto azifakwa lana ngoomatshini.

Ukuba nendwe kwafuneka ukusebenza ngexesha elinye kunye abaninzi zohlobo olufanayo workpieces, wokuthinjwa lwaqhutywa yi uyilo okhethekileyo kakhulu.

Endaweni ingalo igripha zidla yafakelwa izixhobo iwelding mobile, yokutshiza zeteknoloji ezizodwa okanye nje screwdriver.

Njengoko lihamba robot

robots Zenzekelayo ngokuqhelekileyo apha naphaya iintlobo ezimbini intshukumo kwisithuba (nangona ezinye zazo zokubhala). Kuya kuxhomekeka kwiimeko ezithile kwimveliso. Ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa intshukumo kakuhle kobuso, oko liqela le Isitimela zemiyalelo. Ukuba ufuna ukusebenza kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo, sebenzisa inkqubo 'inqwanqwa' kunye iikomityi sokufunxa ukuyilandela. Ukuhambisa robot ngokugqibeleleyo abemi isithuba, kwaye uququzelelo emboxo. izixhobo Contemporary izixhobo ngokwendawo enjalo ezigxile, baya kuba neeyunithi inkqubo ze uvumele workpieces ihamba ngendlela eliphezulu zalishumi ukusuka 250 ukuya 4000 kg.

design

Ukusetyenziswa koomatshini automated kuthathwa kumashishini okungaphezu kwakhokelela emgangathweni ezithile iibhloko zabo ezisisiseko zokwakha. Modern robot zabantu kwimizi na kuyilo yayo;

• a isakhelo esetyenziselwa entabeni detalezahvatyvayuschego isixhobo (igripha), - uhlobo "isandla" okunene yenza processing;
• bezama nesikhokelo (le yokugqibela imisela indawo 'izandla "in space);
• yesixhobo, ekhokelayo, iguqulela kwaye ekudluliseleni amandla ngohlobo torque kwi-asi (ngenxa yokuba irobhothi lwabo enokubakho mveliso ifumana intshukumo);
• ulawulo kunye nenkqubo yolawulo ukuphumeza iinkqubo zayo; ukwamkeleka iinkqubo ezintsha; ngokuhlaziya ingcaciso ayifumene nabenzi boluvo, yaye, ngokunjalo, ukutshintshela kwi-isixhobo ekunikezeleni;
• inxenye ukusebenza kwenkqubo ukubeka, izikhundla zemilinganiselo neentshukumo yokuntlokothiswa nangeempahla ezibukhali zesinyithi.

Dawn nokudalwa iirobhothi zoshishino

Emva kutsha nje kwixa elidlulileyo kwaye khumbula ibali yaqala ngayo indalo koomatshini mveliso oluzenzekelayo. I iirobhothi yokuqala ukuvela kwi US ngo-1962, yaye kwenziwa ziinkampani "Yunimeyshn Incorporated" yaye "Versatran". Nangona, ukuba ngqo, ukuba phambi kodwa akhululwe i robot mveliso "Yunimeyt" wadala yi injineli American J. Devol, amalungelo awodwa abenzi eyakhe SAU, esebenzisa ehlelwe amakhadi ngenqindi. Yaba sobala zobugcisa idabi koomatshini "smart" ezinkqayiweyo zilungelelanise of indlela yakho kwaye enze umsebenzi phantsi program.

Irobhothi lokuqala mveliso "Yunimeyt" yafakwa nge isixhobo sokufaka inkcukacha umnwe-amabini actuator kunye "isandla" kwi-hydraulic drive kunye degrees ezintlanu yenkululeko. iimpawu zayo zivumelekile ukusa iinkcukacha kilogram-12 ngokuchanileyo ukuya ku 1.25 mm.

Enye robhothi eneqikili "Versatran" wadala yinkampani enye, zilayishwe kwaye wazikhulula ngezitena 1200 ngeyure kwi eontini. Kuye indawo ngempumelelo umsebenzi yabantu yingozi bume yabo nempilo kunye lobushushu eliphezulu. Ingcamango yendalo yayo yaba yimpumelelo kakhulu, kwaye uyilo - kangangokuba oluthembekileyo ukuba koomatshini ngamnye uphawu kwaye liyaqhuba ukusebenza ngexesha lethu. Kwaye nangona yokuba isabelo sawo elithe ladlula amakhulu amawaka iiyure.

Qaphela ukuba izixhobo isizukulwana lokuqala iirobhothi zoshishino ngokwexabiso kuzakuthathwa 75% ne-25% ye ubucukubhede elektroniki. Kulungiswe izixhobo ezinjalo zifuna ixesha kunye abangele kwemitshini. Ukuze ukuguqulwa ukuze baqhube amashishini abo omtsha ibandakanya utshintshiselwano kwenkqubo yolawulo.

I-Isizukulwana yesibini oomatshini zithwala

Kungekudala zacaca: nakuba zonke iingenelo zimoto sizukulwana sokuqala babengafezekanga ... Isizukulwana yesibini ukuqalisa ngolawulo omhle iirobhothi mveliso - encomekayo. Zizixhobo zokuqala ukuze kufezekiswe yokusingqongileyo apho basebenza. Le meko kungasentla ndazisiwe iindleko eziphezulu ezongezelelweyo. Waba kakhulu kuphuhliso yemveliso abaninzi.

A nqanaba entsha inkqubela luphawulwa uphuhliso abenzi boluvo abaninzi. Ngoncedo lwabo umgangatho robot GET ebizwa ngokuba "zegazi". Yena waqala ukufumana ulwazi malunga nokusingqongileyo kunye, ngokungqinelana nalo, khetha ngeyona ndlela. Ngokomzekelo, ubuchule ezifunyenwe ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwaye ukuhamba kunye nokukhubazeka yakhe. Isenzo esinjalo kwenzeka ngenxa yokuhlangana isilawuli ukuzilungisa ingcaciso efunyenweyo, nto leyo ke lifakwa yezahlukileyo yeenkqubo zolawulo, sikhokelwa iirobhothi ngokwenene.

Iintlobo imisebenzi esisigxina labenzi botywala (welding, ukupeyinta, ibandla, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo yenqubo yokugaya) Kwakhona kuxhomekeke kukumelana. Oko kukuthi, xa esenza ngamnye kubo eqaliswe multi-lobeko ukuphucula umgangatho naluphi na uhlobo imisebenzi ngasentla.

ulawulo ezandleni zabantu kwimizi kakhulu kwenziwa yi-software. imisebenzi yolawulo Hardware bakhonza industrial mini-computers PC / 104 okanye MicroPC. Qaphela ukuba ulawulo olwenziwayo isekelwe kwi-software multivariate. Kwaye isigqibo ukukhetha uhlobo lwenkqubo yomsebenzi esamkelweyo irobhothi ngokusekelwe ulwazi malunga nokusingqongileyo, wachaza detectors.

A phawu uphawu ukusebenza isizukulwana wesibini irobhothi ifakiwe nokufumaneka ngaphambi iindlela zokusebenza, nganye izingenele xa amaxabiso athile afunyenwe kwi-bume lwangaphandle.

Isizukulwana yesithathu iirobhothi

oomatshini isizukulwana wesithathu, iirobhothi bayakwazi ukwenza ngokuzimeleyo wesenzo ngokuxhomekeke msebenzi iimeko-bume. Bona musa "cheat sheets", okt. E. Gqiyazana izenzo lobugcisa embodiments ezithile, yemeko ezisingqongileyo. Banalo ikhono ukwakha eyakho indlela yakho kangangoko imisebenzi yayo, kwaye ngokukhawuleza ukusiqhuba xa befundisa. iindleko neeletroniki ye irobhothi mveliso elinjalo kalishumi ngaphezulu kwe iinxalenye zayo mechanical.

Irobhothi entsha, ephethe iinkcukacha ukubambelela ngokusebenzisa abenzi boluvo, "uyakwazi" njani kakuhle wenza. Ukongeza, kulawulwa ngokwayo ibambe amandla (amandla feedback) ngokuxhomekeke ubu izinto eziphathekayo. Mhlawumbi le nto isizukulwana esitsha mveliso iirobhothi elibizwa ekrelekrele.

Njengoko usazi, i "ingqondo" kule divaysi inkqubo yayo yolawulo. Eyona ethembisayo lo ummiselo, wenziwe ngokwe iindlela ingqondo ngumntu.

Intelligence cela aba matshini iiphakheji izicelo, nabaqondisi logic ofakwe, izixhobo Ukulinganisa. Ekwenziweni robhothi kwezoshishino bathungelane ukubonelela kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo yentsebenziswano kwenkqubo "umntu - umatshini". Izulu ukusebenza kwezi zixhobo kwixesha elizayo nazo izixhobo kubulelwe Ukulinganisa software iphunyezwa ekuvumela ukuba ukhethe iinketho kakhulu amanyathelo kunye uqwalaselo uqhagamshelwano nenethiwekhi kuphuhliswa.

Iinkampani kubukho bukaThixo ukuvelisa iirobhothi

Namhlanje, ukusetyenziswa robhothi kwimizi kuxhaswa ziinkampani phambili, kuquka IsiJapanese (Fanuc, Kawasaki, Motoman, iOTC Daihen, Panasonic), American (KC Iirobhothi, Triton Manufacturing, Kaman Corporation), IsiJamani (Kuka).

Yintoni abaziwa ezi nkampani ehlabathini? I Fanuc asset - ekhule ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, Delta robhothi M-1iA (oomatshini enjalo ezisetyenziswa kwi ekupakishweni), onamandla kunayo iirobhothi amanani serial - M-2000iA, elaziwa emhlabeni abatyhidi zithwala ArcMate.

imfuno Akukho ngaphantsi ukuze enze iirobhothi ezikwaziyo kwimizi lwemveliso, ekhutshwe yi Kuka. Aba matshini benza kunye ngqo German machining, welding, ibandla, ukupakishwa, palletizing, iyalayisha.

Kwakhona uhlelo zinto inkampani Japanese-American Motoman (Yaskawa), osebenza kwimarike American: imifuziselo 175 iirobhothi zoshishino, ngokunjalo izisombululo ngaphezulu kwama-40 oluhlangeneyo. iirobhothi Industrial ezisetyenziswa mveliso eUnited States, uninzi lwabo zenziwa kanye le nkampani ephambili ishishini.

Uninzi ezinye iinkampani amelwe sithi asezikhundleni zinendawo yazo ngokusungula uluhlu nemxinwa izixhobo ezizodwa. Umzekelo, Daihen kunye Panasonic welding iirobhothi imveliso.

Iindlela ukuhlela imveliso ezenzekelayo

Ukuba sithethe ngayo umbutho ngokwenziwa nokuhambisa, umgca siseko nzima waphunyezwa kuzo ekuqaleni. Noko ke, oko ngesantya sezingeni eliphezulu yomjikelo wemveliso unalo ethile ebalulekileyo - kwemitshini ngenxa ndoyisiwe. Ithekhnoloji rotary yaqanjwa njengenye. Xa umbutho edakasa isangqa imveliso kunye workpiece, kunye nomgca ngokwayo automated (zithwala). Oomashini kulo mzekelo nga phinda imisebenzi kunye ukungasebenzi kakuhle lo gama phantse neengcambu. Noko ke, kule meko zesantya ilahlekileyo. Oyinto Inkqubo lobeko eququzelelayo - hybrid kwezi zimbini zingasentla. Ibizwa ngokuba rotary-swa.

robot Industrial njengesixhobo weqonga bhetyebhetye ezenzekelayo

Modern izixhobo "smart" ngokukhawuleza alungiswa, elinemveliso kakhulu yaye basebenza ngokuzimeleyo yokusebenza nge kwimveliso, izixhobo zalo inkqubo kunye okusilelayo. Kuxhomekeka ukusetyenziswa ethile, bakwazi ukusebenza kwinkqubo enye, kwaye ezahlukeneyo nomsebenzi wakhe, ukutsho oko. E. Ukukhetha ukusuka isixa esiqingqiweyo se-iinkqubo ezinqwenelekayo.

irobhothi Industrial lilungu usemthethweni yemveliso bhetyebhetye automated (izifinyezo standard - GAP). Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, nayo iquka:

• inkqubo, leyo abasomelezayo uyilo;
• esilawula automated imveliso izixhobo zobugcisa;
• zabantu robot Industrial;
• isebenza ngokuzenzekelayo izithuthi imveliso;
• isixhobo ekuqhubeni ukulayisha / ukothula nokubekwa;
• ukulawula inkqubo yemveliso;
• ulawulo ezenzekelayo imveliso.

Funda ngaphezulu malunga ngokoqobo iirobhothi

izicelo mveliso okwenene iirobhothi phambili. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo, yaye zibonelela namaziko asebenza kwizinga eliphezulu ngobuchule kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo shishino. Ngokukodwa, enkulu kuqoqosho German mihla bakhoyo amandla lwalo zezicelo zabo. Ziziphi amacandelo asebenza le "abasebenzi yentsimbi '? Xa ngensimbi zisebenza phantse zonke iinkqubo: eyahlulayo, welding, elibenze, ukuqinisekisa inqanaba eliphezulu esemgangathweni.

Baza, njengesebe neemeko ezigqithisileyo ukuba lamandla oluntu (elithetha amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nongcoliseko) ikakhulu robotized. Oomashini evela Kuka enyusiweyo nkqu Foundries.

Ishishini ukutya kwakhona efunyenwe izixhobo Kuka ngeenjongo zemveliso. "Robots Ukutya" (ifoto thaca kwinqaku), kuba le nxalenye endaweni nabantu kwiindawo neemeko ezizodwa. Oomashini eziqhelekileyo amashishini abonelela microclimate kumo egumbini kunye lobushushu elingadluliyo 30 degrees Celsius. robots steel stainless yakhiwe ngayo inyama ababandakanyekayo ukuveliswa kwemveliso yobisi, kwakunye, Kakade, zipakishwe zacwangciswa iimveliso ngeyona ndlela inenzuzo enkulu.

Kunzima ukuba zazi igalelo izixhobo ezifana kushishino ngomatshini. Iingcali ziyavuma ukuba oomatshini zinamandla kunye nemveliso namhlanje ngco robhothi i "Cook kaThixo". Iifoto izixhobo ezifundisa uluhlu olupheleleyo imisebenzi zendibano ngomatshini, umxhelo. Kulo mzekelo, lixesha lokuba sincokole ngayo imveliso ezenzekelayo.

iplastiki processing, iiplastiki ukukhululwa, eyimveliso kwezinto ezimile entsonkothileyo ezenziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo ukunika irobhothi imveliso ngokwenene yingozi ungcoliseko impilo yabantu.

Enye indawo ebalulekileyo isicelo leeyunithi "Cook kaThixo" ziinkuni. Ke kuchazwa ngokuthi izixhobo zibonelela yokusebenza odolo ngamnye kunye nokusekwa kwemveliso series omkhulu kuzo zonke izigaba - zokulungisa lokuqala nokuphungula ayisile, ukubhola, ukugaya.

amaxabiso

Okwangoku, imfuno Russian nemarike ico eveliswa ziinkampani Kuka kunye Fanuc iirobhothi. Amaxabiso kuzo zisukela engange 25 000 ukuya 800 000. Le Ulwandiso encomekayo wachaza ubukho imifuziselo ezahlukeneyo: Umgangatho ukukhanya-msebenzi (5-15 kg), ekhethekileyo (ekusombululeni ingxaki ezizodwa), ezizodwa (usebenza kwimeko engaqhelekanga), izithuthi enzima-umsebenzi (ukuya ku-4000 m).

iziphumo

Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo into yokokuba okunokubakho ukusetyenziswa robhothi kwezoshishino nangoku akazibandakanyi ngokupheleleyo. Ngelo xesha linye imigudu iingcali, ubuchwepheshe bale mihla ukuvumela ukuba ukuqonda iingcamango ezininzi kwaye akha ngakumbi.

Imfuneko ukwandisa imveliso yoqoqosho lwehlabathi, wandise isabelo lamandla oluntu nongqondongqondo inkuthazo enamandla iindidi ezintsha ngakumbi nangakumbi kunye noqwalaselo lwe iirobhothi mveliso.