Pellagra - a ... Unobangela iimpawu pellagra

Pellagra - sisifo esizibonakalisa ngenxa yokungabikho kweevithamini okanye ukungondleki bengenalwazi okanye ukuhluleka ezityiwa protein, niacin kunye tryptophan acid acid.

Isifo abakhuselekanga ngokomlinganiselo ofanayo zombini abadala kunye nabantwana. ziqwempu abagulayo Isikakhulu abaziintsizana labemi. Pellagra kungenziwa ngokuzithemba ngokuba q izifo ezintathu - dermatitis, urhudo, sengqondo esixhalabisayo, e IsiNgesi udla ngokubizwa iimbekiselo sifo 4 d kongezwe ekupheleni lokufa (ukufa).

Nicotinic acid kunye pellagra

Emva kokufunda lo, abantu abaninzi singayiqondi, yintoni eyona inicotine, nto leyo iyityhefu anobungozi. Kodwa, enyanisweni, nicotinic acid - into vitamin kubalulekile edlala indima enkulu ekusebenzeni umzimba womntu. Xa luvo receptors ezithile abakhoyo, isiphumo nokuqalisa nje phantsi kwelungiselelo elithi emzimbeni imali eyaneleyo nicotinic acid, apho iveliswa iintsholongwane ezithile ethunjini yabantu. Kodwa ke, nangona niacin (nicotinic acid) uqulathwe umsi wecuba, kukho ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo kwaye ngoko khompawundi ayo kakhulu ityhefu. Kulo ubunzima enyama yangaphakathi, kunokuba izifo ezahlukeneyo abasetyhini abakhulelweyo, ngokubonakala zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. isifo pellagra ngazo ngokwayo iintshayi - azinayo okanye akukho ehlaziya lakhe.

Imbali sifo

Intsingiselo "pellagra" bubonakala isikhumba rough. Ingakumbi isifo ixhaphake zafunyanwa kwinkulungwane XIX phantse onke amazwe aseYurophu. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane enye, isifo yanyamalala eFransi kuphela.

Kwenye amabali bafumana pellagra sifo uchazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: izigulane kuba "iglasi 'amehlo kunye ukuqwalasela ndawonye, ubuso luthuthu. Izandla ezifana emva ukutsha olunzulu okanye amanxeba - zonke neentanda yako. Kutyibilika intloko inyikima kudala yimbonakalo yomntu ukunxila okanye utywala. Kubonakala ukuba nikhokelwa athile - ukuba ukuya kwicala elinye, ngoko ke baqale ukubaleka ukusuka umgudu lokugqibela ngqo ngokwaneleyo, kwaye ke ngesiquphe kuwa kukuhleka Ityhwatyhwa okanye entywizisa inamandla.

Ubuninzi izifo senzeka kule lali kunye namaqela semi-bodwa (amakhaya abantwana, iintolongo, ngengqondo).

uqhambuko ezinkulu entwasahlobo kunye ehlotyeni, ngoko ke iingcali bagqiba kwelokuba pellagra emangalisayo kwindalo. Enye lizwe ingxelo sifo izizukulwana kwintsapho enye, yiyo Kwagqitywa ukuba pellagra into ilifa.

Emva kokuba uphononongo olude uGqr Goldberg wafumanisa ukuba semi-ubunini babo kunye pellagra izifo ezininzi akuzange Ubhaliso ukoyiswa Abalindi sifo. Ngoko ke, lo experiment lwenziwe ngokwayo ngo-1916 nguNjingalwazi D. Goldberg, kunye noogxa-15, yabonisa ukuba pellagra - a yezifo ezingezizo ezosulelayo. Kwaye emva komzuzwana impahla eyafumaneka apho kunyanga ngempumelelo isifo - pellagra factor nokuthintela okanye PP. Kodwa ke eneneni, le nto yafunyanwa 1873 izazinzulu Weiner, kodwa ke kuphela emva kweminyaka emininzi kwacaca ukuba PP, kwaye nicotinic acid yenye kunye into efanayo.

Iivithamini emzimbeni womntu

Vitamin B kuthatha linyathelo kakhulu konke okuphathelene kubalulekile zabantu. Kodwa ke eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba kunceda kukwenziwa ATP kunye abasabela ezahlukeneyo. Le vitamin kunciphisa inqanaba cholesterol yingozi egazini, ngokwenjenjalo kuncitshiswe kakhulu ingozi yesifo sentliziyo.

Nicotinic acid nguye kuphela vitamin neqaphela amayeza emveli njenge medicament elahlukileyo kwaye isebenzisa kwi unyango lwezifo ezinkulu ezahlukeneyo.

Ukungabikho iivithamini B kunokubangela beriberi, oku kwandisa:

• Umxholo aphantsi nicotinic acid okanye nicotinamide ne esiza umzimba ngokutya.

• malabsorption vitamin umsebenzi waphula umthetho iphecana zesisu kwi yobudala yomhlala-phantsi.

• Ukungabikho asidi tryptophan acid nezingafezekanga - ngaphandle iintsholongwane wamathumbu musa nokulungelelanisa niacin.

• Alcohol ukuzimela.

• ezinezigulo Ezahlukeneyo.

• Ukudinwa rhoqo ntshikilelo.

Indima ye elements mkhondo emzimbeni womntu

Ukunqongophala ivithamin D kunciphisa wokutya, isimo ukungazinzi, ukungacoleki njalo njalo. A imali encinci ukukhanya yelanga ebangela ukungabi ivithamin D emzimbeni, nto leyo naxa ingumbandela ozaliswe ziziphumo emibi. Eziqulathwe intlanzi oyile, ibhotolo.

Ukunqongophala vitamin E kakhulu kuchaphazela imeko jikelele eluswini, iinwele kunye nezikhonkwane. Kodwa ke ngaphandle kwalo kwakusidla Yindibanisela zonke izicwili omzimba womntu - kuphucula zothutho ioksijini egazini, luthintela ukwenzeka ngenxa yamafutha, nto inegalelo kwindlela eqhelekileyo yokusebenza esini.

Ukunqongophala vitamin E ingaqhelekanga. Le antioxidant uqulathwe ngemithamo ezaneleyo nemifuno neeoyile, ukutya okuziinkozo, ndibutyabeke ngomswane nemifuno. Noko ke, ukuba isibindi lisebenza kakuhle, kuba ukufakwa okuqhelekileyo iivithamini kuyimfuneko ukuvuselela secretion of inyongo.

Ukunqongophala vitamin K kukhokelela ekuphazanyisweni kwenkqubo igazi ekunqandeni kunye ukopha rhoqo ivela komelezwa. Unako ukwenza up intsalela, kuqukwa isibindi ukutya, isipinatshi, igqabi okanye ikhaphetshu, iitumato kunye neminqathe.

Ukunqongophala vitamin A iimpawu yonqongophalo sibonakalalisiwe njenge "ukungaboni ubusuku", abantu abanengxaki kwesi sifo, ayeke ukubona ngongcwalazi, kodwa bona ngokugqibeleleyo ngexesha lasemini. Ukuba ukuswela kwenzeka yasuka, imvakalelo ukoma emehlweni. Ngamanye amaxesha inokuqala exwebula okanye actinic kuphela eluswini, kodwa inwebu yangaphakathi, ukungaphumeleli kwamadlala yonyango - oku kuchaphazela ukunqongophala ivithamin A. Impawu ezikawulezayo ngokwaneleyo xa ehambisa amandla. Esafunyanwa amafutha ezilwanyana, isibindi, ioli cod isibindi, zamaqanda, iminqathe ebomvu, iitumato, iiapilkosi ezintsha. Xa upheka okanye iivithamini pickling iyagcinwa ngexesha yokomisa kwenzeka intshabalalo ekhawulezileyo.

Kule mihla apho amabakala eziliqela iVitamin A ngxaki, nto leyo ichaza iimpawu apha ngezantsi:

1. Le ukuphazamiseka ngokubanzi ngamalungu angaphakathi, njengabo bonke kunye, kunye nabanye. Oku kungenxa ukuhla ukusebenza kunye nokomelela.

ngcembe 2. Unqongophalo siqala ukuvela. Kwizifundo zonyango, kunokwenzeka sele ukujonga kanye nokungabikho intswelo emzimbeni.

3. ezingonelanga okanye akukho vitamin okanye kukwaphula digestibility yayo.

Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo hypovitaminosis ngoku eziqhelekileyo, ingakumbi abadala, okhulelweyo okanye phindeke abafazi, iimbaleki, abantwana, abasebenzi kumsebenzi onzima ngokwasemzimbeni.

Indima iivithamini emzimbeni womntu ngokufanelekileyo zilindelekileyo, lokukhathalela ezi zizinto eziyingozi empilweni.

Imiba engabangela isifo

• izilonda Skin tikaka.

• Alcoholism.

• Izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo phecana zesisu.

• Ukukhulelwa okanye ukuncancisa umntwana wakhe ubisi lwebele.

• Izifo ezosulelayo ezininzi.

• I-ukungalingani ekutyeni.

Uxilongo nezifo clinical

Ukungabikho iivithamini emzimbeni luqokelelane kule minyaka, lonke elo xesha ukuzenza njengoko izifo ezahlukeneyo - ukusuka yengqondo ukuya luvo. Xa nicotinic acid kukho ukunqongophala kwabantu chronic fatigue syndrome, ukudla, sinciphise ukusebenza, ukuhla elibukhali ubunzima bomzimba.

Kwaba kuphela emva kwexesha umguli uqalisa ezikhala sokulibala, ukuba nochuku, intloko ebuhlungu kunye ukulibala, kukho indlela negative umculo phezulu, imibala eqaqambileyo kunye nokukhanya. Lisuka nje ukusuka kakhulu ukuya kwenye - ukusuka kurhulumente ludandatheko ukuba ndlongondlongo.

Zonke ezi utshintsho kwimo badla cebisa abanye ecinga ukugula ngengqondo, uze uzame ukufumana isigulane ukundwendwela wengqondo.

Kule meko iya kuba kuhle ukuba esi sifo ufikelela nqanaba ukwenza izinto olubanzi unyango, kwaye ugqirha uza kwenza uhlolo olunzulu, leyo ibhaqa iindawo macala ebomvu kunye enamaxolo ngaphezulu emzimbeni kunye ulwimi obomvu eqaqambileyo kunye kumphezulu shiny, kunye Fossilisation amazinyo emancamini, neuritis ezahlukeneyo " lumbago ", ukulahlekelwa nobuntununtunu naliphi na inxuwa iqela.

iimpawu

Ngokusisiseko, isigulana nga isicelo ngokupheleleyo ukuya kwenye yesakhono eziqhelekileyo, njengokuba siwubona ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo pellagra. iimpawu zayo ziquka:

- wesikhumba ukubona nokudumba kunye ukurhawuzelela epithelium umbala enzulu ebomvu, nto leyo eba kwakheka namadyungudyungu ekugqibeleni iintsuba, manzi, ngembonakalo iintsuku ezimbalwa zifana pityriasis versicolor. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, isikhumba exfoliated yaye ngaloo ndlela sibonakale zomaleko ezinzulu epithelium, okanye olumbhatshileyo ngokupheleleyo yaye ukhumbuza vitiligo. Kwilizwe lethu, pellagra - loo nto sisifo inqabile.

- Xa zibonwa gastroenterologist isigulane kunye nesifo sibona izilonda ezincinane emlonyeni, ulwimi imibala eqaqambileyo, kuncitshiswa ngokobunzima ubunzima. A isikhalazo kwi izinkcwe lweenkcukacha, urhudo kunye ivumba elinukayo, isicaphucaphu, ukuncipha okanye ukungabi namdla, ubuhlungu emqaleni okanye iingcali push kuvuleke iminxunya ukuqhuba izifundo ezongezelelweyo - sigmoidoscopy kunye / okanye fibrogastroduodeniyu. Ngokutsho iziphumo zeemvavanyo ziya kuba yoma obubonakalayo isifo ye phecana zesisu, maxa wambi kwi iindonga izilonda ezincinane ukopha zibonwa.

- Ngelo isigaba sokugqibela esi sifo, izigulane ukuya kugqirha okanye luvo. Kweli nqanaba uqala inkqubela sengqondo esixhalabisayo, nto leyo sikhatshwa ukugula ngengqondo okanye Encephalopathy, apho kuboniswa nemibono eyahlukeneyo, iimfeketho zokufeketha paranoid banotyekelo kunye nexhala. Encephalopathy syndrome sikhatshwa clouding osezingqondweni, ukuvela owanyayo olungalawulwayo okanye reflex ukuqonda, ukwanda kwezihlunu.

Iimpawu pellagra iya kuxhomekeka ekubeni yintoni na isigaba sizakuchaza ixhoba kunye ingcali uyifumane - wazivelela.

Lo mfanekiso kwezonyango sifo kakhulu eyahlukeneyo zinokudityaniswa kunye nezinye iimpawu hypovitaminosis.

Pellagra, photo neempawu ezixhaphakileyo ngezantsi, iphawulwa ezahlukeneyo izilonda emlonyeni, dermatitis, isitulo sifo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo zendalo ezahlukeneyo. Oko kukuthi, iimpawu kakhulu zahlukene. Xa abadala kunye iimpawu pellagra sifo zibangelwa ubuthathaka, namdla, ukuncipha okanye ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo wokutya yoko ukwehla kobunzima, ukuba nochuku, ukudinwa.

USatyo esitulweni, kunye notshintsho isifo ye sangaphandle kuvela ekuyeni ekupheleni ebusika. Emva kwexesha elithile kungekho iimpawu emva konyango iqala uvutha emlonyeni kunye izinkcwe lweenkcukacha. Kulandela oku kubonakala ekweneni imilebe, kukhethwa yasezantsi; kunye waphuka ezibuhlungu. Oral hyperemic isifo kunye iintsini, ulwimi wayifulela izilonda ezincinane. Ulwimi wambu patina emnyama mdaka, kodwa kwincam kunye nokuphela kwegqabi eziqaqambileyo ebomvu. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ulwimi ibomvu ngokupheleleyo, kubonakala ukhanye lacquered. Xa papillae Ulwimi edematous hypertrophied kwaye kuvela zibonakala amachokoza abomvu amagophe Fossilisation kwamazinyo. Emva koku iimpawu etsolo kancane ingqalelo ukwehla, lisuke labuna uxakaxa yoma papillae, kodwa iifolo enzulu angavela kumphezulu ulwimi. sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi isikhumba kwenzeka ubukhulu becala kwiindawo ezivulekileyo.

pellagra Chronic: iimpawu zesi sifo

Namadyungudyungu, epidermal ukuqina kunye umphezulu enamaxolo, ngoko iqala ukuba ulwehlo, ithinasi, yaye ekugqibeleni yome. Kwezinye iimeko kusenokuba kukho sisibonakaliso lomqolo-poliradikulonevriticheskogo, okanye fluid polinevriticheskogo syndrome.

Xa isifo badla ngokudandatheka, alpha kakuhle kwi ngengqondo. Le meko unokuthatha iminyaka, kunye exacerbations entwasahlobo yonyaka enokuthi yenzeke kunye iingxaki ezahlukeneyo ngohlobo esifo okanye iimpawu segazi, akufane ukuphuhlisa ukhwekhwe.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kule kumazwe aphuhlileyo zako inqabile. Kodwa kwezinye iindawo eAfrika okanye Asia, pellagra - ingxaki enkulu, ke, oogqirha balapho bona it kwibakala lokuqala. Ukulungiselela le njongo iya kuba yanele ukuba ukuchama ukufumanisa methylnicotinamide inqanaba kunye nenani igazi nicotinic acid kunye novithamini isiqulatho b-qela.

unyango

Izigulane kufuneka babe esibhedlele apho ezimiselweyo ezithile itafile le migca ilandelayo:

1. ngeeProteni lokudla eninzi zokutya ezisezantsi-amanqatha, broths, inyama yenkukhu okanye izagwityi amaqanda, ubisi okanye ubisi iimveliso.

2. Amalungiselelo eziqulathe nicotinic acid. Indlela kunye idosi zixhomekeke ebukhulwini sifo, kwaye comorbidity.

3. Kwiimeko kakhulu, ukubambelela ngokungqongqo alale.

4. imixube eziliqela apho vitamin ekhoyo nangokomthamo ezifunekayo.

5. Kwiimeko ezimasikizi, ekucetyiswa ukuqhuba kokutofelwa igazi.

6. Ukuba ukuphazamiseka yangoku engqondweni, ngokutsho iingcali, ubukhulu becala kusetyenziswa okudambisa ezahlukeneyo, yokunciphisa.

7. Isigulana kufuneka bakuphephe ukuchitha ixesha elide elangeni de achache.

Ukuba akuyihlawuli ingqalelo ezi kweempawu zesi sifo yaye musa ukuthobela unyango, pellagra uyakwazi ngokubulala umntu kwiminyaka emihlanu.

ukuvimbela

Xa izicelo umbala, kufuneka uzalise ukutya okunempilo kunye nemali efunekayo yokutya zidliwe antipellagricheskogo factor. Imfuneko abadala yemihla ngemihla vitamin PP malunga 15-25 mg.

A isixa esaneleyo kule vitamin ifumaneka ingqolowa, igwele, ndibutyabeke ngomswane. Ubisi iqulethe eninzi tryptophan, apho umzimba ngokulula kuhlelwe kwi nicotinic acid.

Kuthintelo lolawulo pellagra parenteral ezingapheliyo kufuna ngeedosi elikhulu iivithamini ezifunekayo ephilayo, xa ndikho kwimbali sifo, leyo aphazamisane ukufakwa okuqhelekileyo izakhi umzimba, okanye kukho izifo ezingapheliyo okanye bukhali. Ngoko ke, indima iivithamini emzimbeni womntu zibaluleke ngokwaneleyo.

Oku kulandela ukuba sifo kulula ukunqanda kunokuba ukufumanisa kwangethuba kunye nonyango.