Park "Nozipho", neendawo zokwakha. park History

Park "Nozipho" (neendawo zokwakha) - oko indawo eyaziwa kwabaninzi. Qho ngonyaka iindwendwe yomhlambi apha kuphela Ukraine, kodwa asebumelwaneni nkqu amazwe. Yintoni etsalela bonke aba bantu? Kungenxa kumbindi weli lizwe kukho lembombo, lifanelwe ingqalelo enjalo? Kubonakala, ewe.

Ngokubanzi kokuba kuqatshelwe ukuba ngandlela ithile neendawo zokwakha - Ukraine efinyeziweyo. Kutheni? yonke Ingongoma kukuba kufuneka nje ukufumana yena kule ndawo, yaye uya kubona uhlobo indlela ezahlukeneyo kulo mmandla: apha, kubonakala kukho nantoni - iintaba kunye nemilambo efihliweyo ngaphantsi komhlaba emqolombeni kunye namasimi elanga, imithi unique wayifulela ngengca uhlaza amadlelo aluhlaza. Kwaye Ukraine uhlobo live, abantu unesisa nobubele kakhulu, elungele ukondla umhambi, ukubonisa indlela uze unike zonke iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko zokuhamba.

Eli nqaku lijonge ukuxelela zonke iinkcukacha malunga nale ndawo eyothusayo emhlabeni, njengoko ipaka "Nozipho" (neendawo zokwakha). Umfundi ufunda kuphela malunga phi na kule ndawo, kodwa aqhelane kwimbali ukwenzeka kwayo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, iingcebiso ezixabisekileyo yaye iingcebiso ziya kunikwa ngoko kutyelela indawo yokuqala.

indawo Pearl Cherkassy

Neendawo zokwakha "Sofievka", ipaki ekhethekileyo eUkraine - la mazwi, mhlawumbi, ziye laziwa ngokuba abahambi ezininzi ukufunda. Kwaye oku, Kakade ke, ayikho ngengozi. Makhe zama ukujongana nalo mba ngokweenkcukacha.

Okokuqala kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba neendawo zokwakha - idolophu encinane intliziyo Ukraine, ummandla Cherkassy, phantse equidistant ukusuka kwizixeko kanye nenkcubeko ezimbini ezinkulu eli lizwe - Kiev ne Odessa.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, akukho ixabiso zembali ezibalulekileyo kakhulu okanye ezikhumbuzo bokwakha ezizodwa. Sekunjalo, le ndawo ityelelwa ngonyaka ngabakhenkethi ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sesigidi kulo lonke jikelele. Yintoni isizathu sokuba edingeka kangaka? Zonke ngenxa yokuba kukho enye imimangaliso Ukraine - Arboretum "Sofiyivka", nto leyo wobugcisa lokwenyaniso landscape art.

Le yinxalenye isixeko kwimizuzu yokuqala solo kunye landscape zayo ezintle, echibini omhle, grottos iintsomi eqingqiweyo kumnandi. Hi ndlela leyi, asingabo bonke ukuba epakini ibekwe ngaphakathi dolophu abathobekileyo ekuthiwa neendawo zokwakha (Ukraine), inokuba phakathi kwezona ndawo ezimangalisayo ehlabathini.

"Sofiyivka" Kwakhona enye yeendawo romantic kakhulu kweli lizwe. Kwaye oku ayimangalisi, kuba le lesikhumbuzo landscape art loyiswa wadala nje kuphela egameni uthando, kodwa luphawu kule minyaka 200 idlulileyo.

"Sofiyivka" amaxesha Potocki

Neendawo zokwakha, Ukraine kwimephu ukufumana nje ngokwaneleyo. Le ndawo nje ekudibaneni kweendlela zorhwebo ebalulekileyo, yaye oko kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba bekusoloko, ukusuka kanye ekuqaleni kwale dolophu. Ukuba olu lwazi, akukho namnye wamangaliswa kukuva ukuba lo nguye hub yezothutho wakhethwa kamva ngenxa ukwakhiwa enye zokuhlala Count S. Potocki, eyaziwa ngexesha womrhwebi kunye mhlaba.

Magnate waseka epakini kummandla nezinto zabo ngo-1796, kunjalo Umqala wamantla ayo ezukileyo lwenzeka ngoMeyi 1800 imisebenzi zimisiwe izihlandlo eziliqela ngenxa izikhukula enzima iminyaka emine.

Sona kanye ekupheleni zokwakha sele kuthiwa igama namhla umfazi wakhe Count - Sofia Glyavone-Witt-Potocki. Enyanisweni, emva park kwakhe yaba igama layo.

Ekuqaleni, indima womzobi oyintloko wobugcisa elizayo ipaki landscape ebizwa ngokuba "Nozipho" (neendawo zokwakha) wamenywa Ludwig Metsel, igosa zokudubula, ukuba umtshana ka Potocki. Yaziwa kunye neendleko zizonke zayo, ngelo xesha yaba engange zigidi ezi-2. isiliva.

Ngokuhambelana kunye nesicwangciso yokungena epakini lokuqala ecaleni abamba, kunye nokwakhiwa zakhiwo kwenzeka ecaleni kwebhedi umlambo. Kamenka. Ngokutsho iprojekthi Metzel badalwa: inkqubo amanzi epaki kwamachibi oqhagamshelwano phakathi, iingxangxasi, umvuzo kunye nemilambo, imifanekiso, grottos Venus, Nut, uloyiko kunye ukuthandabuza, Iliwa Tarpeian Lefkadiaki.

Emva kokufa S. Potocki "Sofiyivka" yaye ilifa nonyana wakhe omdala ukusuka emtshatweni wakhe Yuzefinoy Mnishek - ezizezi, Jerzy (uYuri) Szczęsny. Kodwa indlalifa ligqithiselwe ubunini kwedolophu neendawo zokwakha kunye apake Umama wakhe Sophia, leyo kuthiwa ngokuba uthando yethuba elide. Kodwa wakwenza akukho simahla, yaye kutshintshiselwano okuhlawula ityala layo - 30 million zlotys.

Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa imfuneko ukuhlawula amatyala waqokelela indodana kunye nomyeni (izigidi 7.5 PLN), Sofia waba ngo-1808 ukuya kunikela intengiso neendawo zokwakha Russian urhulumente tsarist. Wade ngokwakhe wathetha isindululo onjalo Alexander I. ke ngelo xesha dili akazange ndawo.

Kude 1813 ipaki "Nozipho" (neendawo zokwakha) igcinwe ikwimeko entle, oku merit omkhulu L. Metzel. Noko ke, emva kokuba yokugqibela wayeye ukusebenza e Warsaw, "Sofiyivka" uyekile ukuba bafumane inkathalo efanelekileyo ngokuthe ngcembe wawa kwamazinyo.

Kodwa kuyacaca ukuba, le ndawo kodwa wabeka phantsi inkwenkwezi lucky. Ngowe-1815 eParis, epapashwe umbongo Zofiówka, ebhalwe ngumbhali Polish UStanisław UStanisław Trembecki. Yaba yena lowo uzisa ipaki ipani-European udumo nozuko.

Emva kokugula ixesha elide November 22, 1822 umnini epakini Sophia, wafa e Berlin, ngoko ilifa kwabatyhutyha unyana wakhe Alexander. Ibuyisela "Sofievka" owayesakuba ubuhle uncedisana imisebenzi emitsha yayo mihle kwaye abuze A. Andrzeevski iqulunqe inkcazelo eneenkcukacha malunga nomntu izihluma epakini.

Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa ukukrokrelana Aleksandra Pototskogo ngokunxulumene nabavukeli Polish, wakhanyela nangona oku kwiileta zakhe, ilizwe lakhe emva-Oktobha 21, 1831 zaye wohlulwa ngurhulumente Russian.

"Sofiyivka" njengoko Myezo Tsarina kaThixo

Phezu kwazo zonke izinto, le park ngaphezu nyaka kulawulo Aleksandra Pototskogo, yaye emva koko wathunyelwa eKiev wokuqala Exchequer, yaye kamva - njenge Alexandra sisipho esivela umfazi lothando All-Russian uMlawuli Nicholas I. Ukuxhasa oku 1850 eCaucasus intaba endaweni koseko ekhwele oqingqiweyo Tadeusha Kostyushko ukumkanikazi.

Ngenxa Ndibeka 1838 st. Garden, uze sase- kwi kuhola wendlela, ipaki uba kakhulu zifikeleleke kuluntu kwaye uqala ukuphuhlisa ngenkuthalo. Ngeli xesha, wakha alcoves, umthombo wabaphakamisa, Ilungiselelo engundoqo, kwaye kufuphi nesango elikhulu wakha iinqaba ezimbini isimbo Gothic, wamisa ngumnquba phezu ngayo. Anti-Circe kunye gazebo Flora.

Kamva, ngokwemiyalelo Nicholas I, le nkundla kwi isimbo Gothic idilizwe kwaye endaweni yayo kukho zokwakha indlela le Renaissance wayila yi AI Shtakenshnejdera. Nenqaba yokungena nawo asetyenziswe sakhiwa, eli xesha ke badalwe ngendlela ngezinto zakudala. Ukongeza, Apollo igcwele GROTTO kwaye ibekwe khona obelisk kunye elineentloko ezintathu ukhozi kwaye umthombo baphuke gorgeous ebizwa ngokuba "Inyoka".

Park njengoko isikolo main kwimiyezo

Ngokomyalelo woMlawuli Alexander II ngo-1859 kwidolophu ekuthiwa neendawo zokwakha, "Nozipho" ipaki tour kutshanje leyo awayifumana ethandwa kakhulu, igama "Umansky Garden Jikelele Gardening School." Kule kokufa komzimba, yena iminyaka eliqela.

Ngowe-1870, njengoko kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini eyadlulayo, epaki kwakhona ubona ngomkhukula - idama layitshabalalisa Olubomvu Pond, kunye lokuhamba kwamanzi enkulu udlula umbindi epakini. Intshabalalo, Kakade ke, baba, kodwa intlekele iyonke, ngethamsanqa, wakwazi ukuphepha.

Ngokutsho iprojekthi Vasiliya Pashkevicha, apha kwi indawo ha 2 udale Arboretum ekhethekileyo, kodwa umsebenzi eziphambili nangoku ijolise ukuhlala iperile neendawo zokwakha kwifomu yalo yantlandlolo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngowe-1897 lo mmandla-152 leehektare, kwaye inani leesampulu yezityalo sele ifikelele amawaka 382.

A park kazwelonke ezaziwayo-kakuhle

Umthetho of Abantu Commissars lwe Ukrainian SSR ngoMeyi 18, 1929 ngenxa igama laloo mzi egameni neendawo zokwakha. "Nozipho" Park, ogama imbali umdla ngokwenene yaye obungaqhelekanga, imo ukugcina uqaphele kumbutho ozimeleyo. Ngeli lixa kwangaxesha nye, inxalenye nommandla wayo usekho subordinated ukuya Agrarian University.

Ngowe-1945, kanye emva kwemfazwe, kwathiwa igama kwakhona, eli xesha neendawo zokwakha State Park "Sofiyivka". Yaye ngowe-1946, sele inikezelwe imithombo yoncedo emininzi ejoliswe ukubuyiselwa. Ngelo xesha, loo nto ibuyisela ezininzi izinto zokwakha, imifanekiso kunye iindawo. On indawo weehektare-20, indawo greenhouse ekhethekile ukuzalisa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo enezityalo zophuculo "Sofiyivka".

Ukrainian Academy of Sciences "Sofievka"

Ngowe-1955 "Sofiyivka" yinxalenye ye-Central Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences lwe Ukrainian SSR. Emva koko, ukwandisa indawo yale paka kungenxa umhlaba Umansky Gorkommunkhoz, Institute lwezoLimo kunye neBhaso le unit emkhosini. Musa ukuyeka umsebenzi kuphuculo paka: ngaphantsi kokulungiswa Pink saseThailand, ukubiyela indawo isango elikhulu.

Ngowe-1956, yonke le mifanekiso iqingqiweyo epakini indawo ziikopi kunye originals zithunyelwa yogcino. Ilungiselelo oluphambili neyongezelelwe njengomthombo imilambo zesilivere.

April 4, 1980 "Nozipho" Park (neendawo zokwakha) likufikela mudflow. nentwana yayo anokubonwa yi amanqaku emithini (nomphakamo-3 m).

Arboretum Modern "Sofiyivka"

Emva kokuba ntlekele kwiinyanga 4 bungaveli iziza park umonakalo 50. Ngeli xesha nayo iye yabamba lombutho yinxalenye yolawulo kunye noqoqosho epakini, Nokubuyiselwa ezilahlekileyo ngaphambili izinto: phantse yakhiwe kwi uyilo lokuqala gazebo kunye ngundo. Aherusiyskoe.

January 23, 1991 "Nozipho" ipaki ufumana iwonga iziko elizimeleyo njengenxalenye ye-National Academy of Sciences yaseUkraine.

Ngethuba kulungiselelwa ekubhiyozeleni bicentenary Arboretum omkhulu umsebenzi lwaqhutywa yi-wezakhiwo kaYuri Kalashnikov. Umzekelo, ukuba wadalwa predparkovy lomculo ebuyiselweyo amachibi, wayibuyisela ezinye izinto zokwakha ezifana sculpture lokhozi kunye GROTTO ka-Apollo.

Kakhulu kutshanje, Februwari 28, 2004, elo ziko wafumana igama layo esemthethweni, kwaye ngoku ibizwa ngokuba Arboretum National "Sofiyivka".

Yintoni ukubona epakini kwindawo yokuqala?

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, neendawo zokwakha kwimephu ye Ukraine ingabonwa kakhulu ngokucacileyo. Ngoko, akuba wafika kweli lizwe, nokuba lixeshana nje elingephi asinakho, bachitha iiyure ubuncinane ezimbalwa le wobugcisa ngokupheleleyo landscape art.

Yintoni ukunikela ingqalelo kuqala kuyo yonke? Ngokutsho ingxelo lwabahambi ezininzi, "Sofievka" kufuneka siqale sibone izinto ezinomdla ezifana:

• umthombo Snake;
• Tarpeian Rock;
• Grot Appolona;
• mibono Cretan;
• ngayo. Anti-Circe;
• Iindibano ndawo;
• GROTTO of Thetis;
• gazebo Chinese;
• GROTTO Icalypso;
• Waterfall enkulu.