Yintoni "Ruby" (Ruby)? Ulwimi lokuprograma "Ruby"

Okwangoku, zininzi iilwimi lwenkqubo, nganye eneyazo iimpawu zalo kunye nemithetho. Eli nqaku lujolise omnye kubo.

Imbali ulwimi Ruby

Ruby njenge ulwimi lokuprograma sele ixesha elide kakhulu. Umsebenzi kuhlelo lokuqala olu lwimi ethandwayo kakhulu namhlanje lisukela emva 1993 kunye nenguqulelo lokuqala esemthethweni uvela 1995. UMdali ulwimi, Yukihiro Matsumoto, yaba iinkqubo ungumzondeleli ukususela kwimihla umzimba umfundi, kodwa ingcamango yokudala isixhobo yabo wabonakala kakhulu kamva. Ngoko ke yintoni ephawulekayo kangaka ngale ulwimi lokuprograma ukuba namhlanje ubambe isikhundla phambili kwibakala lehlabathi lophuhliso software?

Ruby ulwimi lokuprograma - yindlela evakalayo ulwimi ekwinqanaba eliphezulu kunye ukuchwetheza obuluqilima kunye elizimeleyo ukuphunyezwa sokusebenza kwexesha zalo multithreading. It has a umqokeleli inkunkuma, naphezu nkcukacha ye lwesivakalisi kakhulu ngokusondeleyo phantse iilwimi ezifana Perl. Kunye nophuhliso eziphilayo, le iqonga kwakhona baboleke lukhulu Smalltalk, Python, Isixhobo SokufundaName kunye nezinye iilwimi kweenkqubo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ubukho kunye nophuhliso oluqhubekayo kukuba ulwimi "Ruby" kunye nokuphunyezwa kwayo bakhululekile ngokupheleleyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba nabani na ukundulula utshintsho, yaye ukuba yamkelwe luluntu, kuya kufakwa kwinguqulelo elandelayo ulwimi.

ifilosofi Ruby

Xa ekudaleni inzala yabo, Matsumoto, njengokuba fan ozinikeleyo ungumzondeleli iinkqubo into ebomini, ukuba udale bulumko ethile badwelisi benkqubo abafuna ukufunda ulwimi lwabo. Ngoko ke, ulwimi Ruby lokuprograma eyenzelwe ekudaleni elula, kwaye ngexesha elinye izicelo ziqondakale. Ruby kugxininiswa ayikho kwisantya lwenkqubo, kwaye ekunyaniseni sofundo lwe khowudi.

Ngoko ke, lo iqonga isoloko elikhethwe njenge igalelo sokufundisa kweenkqubo. Umgaqo ephambili, esekelwe phezu ulwimi, ngaba babizwa ngokuba Umgaqo "Ndothuka ubuncinane" - oku kuthetha ukuba le program kufuneka baziphathe njengoko kulindelekile ngumbhali (wenkqubo) kuyo. Enye inxalenye ebalulekileyo ekucingwa ulwimi bazisa uMdali, i Ukwahluka enkulu ngayo. Isiphumo efanayo ngendlela eyiyo kungenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nemisebenzi. Ngenxa yoku, umdwelisi nkqubo ngamnye ukusombulula ingxaki njengoko ibona kufanelekile kakhulu lula. Oku kwanefuthe kakhulu baduma ulwimi likaThixo iingcali kwizifundo zobuxhakaxhaka bolwazi.

Eyona engundoqo iimpawu ulwimi

Yintoni "Ruby" njengokuba ulwimi lokuprograma? Oku ikakhulu lulwimi into ebomini. Akukho iintlobo zamandulo - zonke izakhiwo kunye neeyunithi ze data izinto (nshita ulwimi Java olufanayo, loo nto yenze ukuba izakhiwo data ukuzazi). Wonke umsebenzi kwi "Ruby" kuyinto indlela. Uninzi iimpawu kunye izakhono nabadali zivela kwezinye iilwimi lwenkqubo, ngoko ngokukhuselekileyo sithi Ruby (ulwimi) ikwafaka ilungileyo ezahlukeneyo nezinye iilwimi kunye technologies.

Ngoko ke, umzekelo, kwi ecosystem "Ruby" inayo umqokeleli yayo inkunkuma, ingcamango leyo abolekwe kwi Java ne Smalltalk, yaye oko ukusebenza zonke izinto kule nkqubo. Le ndlela ivumela ayibonakali umsebenzisi kunye nesicelo umqambi ukuze enze ukubuthwa izinto ezingasafunekiyo ngokwemfuno. Umqokeleli inkunkuma ivumela umphuhlisi kwiimeko ezininzi akukho aphazanyiswe ulawulo imemori izicelo ze ingqalelo ukusebenza kunye ukusebenziseka.

paradigms ulwimi

Ukuphendula umbuzo malunga yintoni i "Ruby" njengolwimi multi-lo wesiqhelo, unako ngebhaqo ukufumana ngokwakhe ekufudumaleni yengxabano. Ngapha koko, le ulwimi ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise nayiphi na paradigms kweenkqubo ngokulinganayo yimpumelelo: indlela zenkqubo lwenkqubo, bengavumi-ebomini kunye nendlela ezisebenzayo. Umphuhlisi ukhululekile ukuba azikhethele ngokwawo wenguqulo ukuba sisondele kuye, nezixhobo zakhe oku akuyi kuba izithintelo okanye ngokuncipha. Ulwimi lokuprograma "Ruby" ikhuthaza kuphela olu khetho.

Izizathu kokuthandwa

Oluninzi kolu lwimi iye yenziwa ngenxa elula kuphuhliso kwezilungiso ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, inani sikhokhelo kunye namathala ezikhulayo rhoqo, kwaye imisebenzi ukuba isigqibo ngokwabo, ukuba abaphuhlisi ukuba zazise imveliso kwi imeko lilungile. rhoqo "Ruby" -programming linxulunyaniswa uphuhliso izicelo web kunye nenkxaso ekusebenzeni kwiisayithi ezahlukeneyo kunye namaqonga Internet. Le ulwimi niche wathabatha elula yayo kunye nesantya nophuhliso. Emva zonke ngamaqonga ezizezinye (umz, Java), kufuna ulwazi namava ngakumbi kwaye ukusombulula iingxaki ezifanayo.

izikhokelo Popular

Ukuba sithetha sikhokelo ethandwayo ezikhoyo kwimarike namhlanje, umi phakathi kwabo Imizila. Abantu abaninzi, xa bebuzwa ukuba yintoni na le "Ruby", ungaziva kubonisa RubyOnRails. Le iseti kwezakhi software abe imboni standard phakathi abaphuhlisi. Yena rhoqo zigcinwe, yaye intw uluntu badwelisi benkqubo, ngoxa free. Esi sikhokelo sichaza amacandelo isicelo web njengenxalenye ipateni MVC (Model-Imboniselo-Controller), kodwa inikeza uhlanganiso ulungele-lwenziwe nomncedisi isicelo kunye ujongano ukufikelela kwiziko ledatha. La macandelo 3, enyanisweni, avumele iiyure ezimbalwa ukubhala kwaye uqhuba blog elula kwi-Internet okanye iphepha le web labucala.

I-Ruby ulwimi lokuprograma, ungenza yenza izicelo lweenkobe mobile, umbulelo kwithala RubyMotion. It ikuvumela ukuba uphumeze ikhowudi Ruby kumaqonga iOS, OS X kunye Android. It wadalwa iqela labucala developers, ngoko ukusetyenziswa kwayo kufuneka ihlawulwe, kodwa kwakhona eqinisekisa amathuba abatyebileyo ulwimi.

Ukubaluleka Iimvavanyo yokubhala

Enye inxalenye ebalulekileyo ikhosistim ulwimi Ruby, nezibilini zayo web-ofisini kumathala freymovrki kunye iimvavanyo nokubhala. bulumko RubyOnRails ushumayela BDD (uphuhliso yokuziphatha-oluqhutywa), nto leyo ethetha ukuba uhlelo lokuqala kudala ukulandelelana neemvavanyo ezichaza ukuziphatha okulindelekileyo inkqubo uze idala ikhowudi ekufuneka ukuba kudlula ngempumelelo kwezi mvavanyo. umgangatho Unofficial kule ndawo yi RSpec - esi sikhokelo ikuvumela ukuba ubhale amatyala uvavanyo ukuze aqonde, nokuba abasebenzisi bangenamava ukuphuhlisa.

Ruby Gems

Ngenxa yokuba ichazwe ngokwenkcukacha imilinganiselo kufuneka athobele zonke ezi phakheji kunye namathala Ruby, uphuhliso add-ons ayikho nzima. Ngoko ke, phakathi ebizwa ngokuba yi-GEMS (ukusuka IsiNgesi -. Gem) ingafunyanwa modules for phantse nasiphi na isicelo - ukusuka kuhlanganiso kunye nothungelwano lwentlalo kunye neenkonzo zomntu wesithathu eqongeni ogqityiweyo for e-commerce. Konke ufuna ukusebenzisa ithala leencwadi wesithathu - ukuchaza ukuxhomekeka kweprojekthi yabo ethile kwithala, ibekwe ngendlela yokugcina ekude okanye uRhulumente wengingqi, kwaye ngexesha yokwakha elilandelayo le layibrari ngokuzenzekelayo ezithwala isicelo. Kwakhona lula imfuduko phakathi ngabaphuhlisi projekthi, njengoko kungekho mfuneko yokuba ukwabelana ngesandla izixhomekeki ukwakha le projekthi.

Ngoko ke, ukuba uyacelwa kwakhona malunga yintoni "Ruby", ngoko ke uya kukwazi singatsho siqinisekile ukuba eli ulwimi lokuprograma enamandla yaye ubhetyebhetye ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo ezifanelekileyo zombini ababhekisi abanamava kunye wabaqalayo abafuna ukufunda lwenkqubo nzima wobugcisa. Kuyo kukho izixhobo ekudaleni nasiphi na isicelo - kwizicelo desktop ukuya iinkonzo mobile kunye namaqonga web.