Omar Khayyam: A Biography. Omar Khayyam: anika umdla

UOmar Khayyam, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane inikwa eli phepha, wazalelwa Nishapur May 18, 1048. Nishapur ise kwimpuma ye Iran, kwiphondo yenkcubeko, Khorasan. Esi sixeko indawo apho mboniso kwahlanganisana into eninzi yabantu abasuka kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo Iran nkqu kumazwe angabamelwane. Ukongeza, Nishapur igqalwa kwelinye lamaziko aphambili abantu ngokokwamasiko nezithethe ixesha Iran. Xa isixeko ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-11 enza madrasas - izikolo zeentlobo ephakamileyo nezasesekondari. Kwenye kubo bafunda kunye Omar Khayyam.

Biography in Russian ibandakanya translation lwamagama efanelekileyo. Noko ke, maxa, umfundi kufuneka kunye uguqulelo IsiNgesi, umzekelo, xa ufuna ukufumana izinto e IsiNgesi. akwazi njani ukuguqulela: "Omar Khayyam: A Biography"? "Omar Khayyam: biography" - uguqulelo echanekileyo.

Esakhula Khayyam

Ngelishwa, ulwazi malunga ngazo akwanelanga, njengoko ingcaciso malunga ubomi babantu abaninzi abadumileyo bamandulo. Biography of Omar Khayyam in esakhula yamakishwa yokuba wayephila Nishapur. Akukho lwazi malunga nendlu yakhe. Igama lesiqhulo Khayyam, njengoko nisazi, lithetha "inkosi ententeni", "beshiya". Oku kuvumela abaphandi ukuba enze kwinkolelo ukuba uyise wakhe ummeli sekile wobugcisa. Le ntsapho, kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kufuneka iindlela ezaneleyo ukunika unyana wakhe imfundo ephucukileyo.

Imfundo ephawulwe ubomi bakhe kamva. Omar Khayyam afunda nenzululwazi madrasas Nishapur, ngelo xesha eyaziwa njengeziko yeengcungcu, awayilungisayo ngenxa yenkonzo karhulumente amagosa aphakamileyo. Emva koko UOmar waqhubeka nemfundo yakhe Samarkand kunye Balkh.

Ulwazi olufunyenwe Khayyam

Anakho ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi zendalo kunye ngqo: nejiyometri, imathematika, ngeenkwenkwezi, physics. Omar nayo yafunda ngokungqalileyo imbali, koranovedenie, theosophy, ifilosofi isethi Sciences philological, lowo yinxalenye ingqiqo kwemfundo ngelo xesha. Wayesazi iincwadi Arabic, kakuhle in Arabic, nalwazi iziseko versification. UOmar kwabayilwileyo impiliso kunye ukuvumisa, waza wafunda ngomculo.

Khayyam wayesazi ngokugqibeleleyo iKoran ngentloko, ndibe nokutolika naluphi vesi. Ngoko ke, nkqu nabefundisi ubalaseleyo East wabhenela Omar icebiso. izimvo zakhe, Noko ke, abazange sangena Islam ingqiqo yayo obudala.

I ezifunyaniswe yokuqala kwinkalo yemathematika

I ezifunyaniswe yokuqala kwimathematika iphawulwe ubomi bakhe kamva. Omar Khayyam wenza oku inzululwazi eyona lezifundo zabo. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-25, wenza ukufunyanwa yokuqala kwimathematika. Xa 60s lwe ngenkulungwane ye-11 wapapasha umsebenzi kule inzululwazi, nto leyo ezisa kuye udumo njengoko sesayensi obalaseleyo. abalawuli begxeka baqale ukumnika ukhuseleko.

Ubomi kwinkundla hakan Shams al-అసోసియేషన్ indibanisela

Abalawuli ngenkulungwane ye-11 akhuphisana nye ubungangamsha kwabaququzeleli. Bona wabizela ngamagosa abafundileyo. Wayenempembelelo enkulu babefuna nje inkundla baba iimbongi abadumileyo kunye nabaphengululi. Not imyekile isiphelo noGatam. Service enkundleni kwaye bawongwa ngobomi bakhe.

UOmar Khayyam, yabangela umsebenzi wakhe zenzululwazi kwinkundla Prince hakan Shams al-అసోసియేషన్ indibanisela, in eBukhara. Ngokutsho umkhumbuzi wezinto ngenkulungwane ye-11, eBukhara umlawuli bayirhawula uzuko Omar nkqu wambeka etroneni ecaleni kwakhe.

Isimemo Isfahan

Ngeli xesha ukhule yaye yaseka Empire Great Seljuk. Tugulbek, umlawuli Seljuk, ngo-1055 woyisa Baghdad. Wathi yena umlawuli Empire entsha, Sultan. Umbusi baphelelwe ngamandla kwaye ibhalwe kwixesha elezenkcubeko, ngokuba Eastern Renaissance.

Ezi ziganeko abachaphazelekayo okumiselwe Omar Khayyam. ixesha New iyaqhubeka biography yayo. ngo-1074 Omar Khayyam wacelwa ukuba kwinkundla yakomkhulu ukukhonza kwisixeko Isfahan. Ngeli xesha, imithetho Sultan Malik Shah. Kulo nyaka kwaphawula ukuqala kwisithuba seminyaka engama-20 nemisebenzi yakhe echumayo zenzululwazi, iphumelele iziphumo nto yeza ezikrelekrele. Ngelo xesha isixeko Isfahan yayilikomkhulu ngamandla Seljuk, obabuqala kwiMeditera kwimida China.

Ubomi kwinkundla Malik Shah

UOmar waba yekhethelo esondele umbusi enkulu. Ngokutsho legend, Nizam al-అసోసియేషన్ indibanisela waze yena ukulawula Nishapur kunye nakwiindawo ezikufutshane. UOmar wathi yena akakwazi ithintele kwaye ubathethele oko kuyimfuneko ukuze ulawulo lwabantu. The Sultan bakummisela umvuzo we-10 amawaka. Dinars Gold ngonyaka (a isixa esikhulu) ukuya Khayyam ayikwazanga ngokukhululekileyo bazibandakanye kwinzululwazi.

ulawulo Observatory

Khayyam wacelwa ukulawula Observatory ebhotwe. Sultan eqokelele ezona ngeenkwenkwezi kwinkundla zize zabelwe imali eninzi yokuthenga izixhobo ezixabisa. umsebenzi wokudala ikhalenda entsha sele wabeka phambi Omar. Ngenkulungwane ye-11 e-Central Asia and Iran ngelo xesha kwakukho iinkqubo ezimbini: khalenda elanga yenyanga. Zombini aphelele. Ngo March 1079 ingxaki isonjululwe. Khayyam ecetywayo khalenda imizuzwana 7 amanyathelo ngqo namhlanje Gregorian (yaphuhliswa ngenkulungwane ye-16)!

Omar Khayyam wakhokela imigqaliselo Astronomical Observatory. Xa era yakhe ngeenkwenkwezi zangqamana kunxibelelene kubavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi, nto leyo bamandulo, i inzululwazi yimfuneko pfunaka. Kwaye UOmar yinxalenye enesihlwele esinzima ka Malik Shah wamazisa kunye nabakhwitsi. udumo lwakhe njenge imboni waba mkhulu.

Intuthuko entsha kwimathematika

Xa inkundla Isfahan, Omar Khayyam kwakhona benza kwimathematika. Ngowe-1077, wadala umsebenzi zejiyometri eyayinikelwe utoliko kwiimeko ezinzima Euclid. Yena kuqala wanika i Ukuhlelwa alupheli yeentlobo eziphambili kwizibalo - cubic, isikwere, yomgama (total iintlobo-25), waza wadala imfundiso yokusombulula quadratic cubic. Yaba yena kuqala yaphakamisa umbuzo malunga nolwalamano phakathi inzululwazi geometry sezibalo.

Kangangexesha elide iincwadi Khayyam ezazingaziwa ukuba izazinzulu yaseYurophu owadala geometry non-Euclidean kunye algebra entsha ngaphezulu. Kwaye kwafuneka ukuba ukuphinda-thatha indlela ende elide ukuya kwaye kwiinkulungwane 5-6 phambi kwabo sele sibekiwe Khayyam.

iiklasi ifilosofi

Khayyam baphinda benza iingxaki bulumko, ukufunda ilifa uAvicenna zenzululwazi. Yena yaguqulelwa Persian evela Arabic, eminye imisebenzi yakhe, ebonisa ezintsha, ukusukela ngeli xesha nendima ulwimi inzululwazi badlale Arabhu.

Eyokuqala imbali yokuqala bulumko ekuwo yadalwa 1080 ( "imbali kubukho kwanembopheleleko"). Khayyam wathi yena ngumlandeli uAvicenna, waza wavakalisa izimvo malunga Islam ngokwembono le aristotelianstva wasempuma. Omar, iqaphela ubukho bukaThixo njengoko nobangela wezi zinto, ababesithi indlela ethile yezinto emiselwe imithetho yendalo, loo nto sisiphumo ubulumko bukaThixo. Le mibono abavumi kunye nemfundiso Muslim. Xa mbhalo ukuba eyayichazwe ngokufutshane kunye nokubamba, usingiselo ulwimi Aesopian kunye innuendo. Kakhulu ngakumbi ngesibindi, ngamanye amaxesha ngenkalipho akalalelanga mazwi anti-yamaSilamsi ichazwe kwi kwisihobe Omar Khayyam.

Biography: imibongo Khayyam

Le mibongo Wabhala Rubaie kuphela, okt quatrains, apho yiRhymed 1, 2, 4, okanye bobane izitanza. Wadala ubomi babo bonke. Khayyam akazange abhalwe bacule laudatory abalawuli. Rubaie uhlobo kakhulu yesihobe ayikho, njengoko imbongi, Omar Khayyam zange iqatshelwe yi bexesha lakhe. Kwaye akazange baqhoboshele kubaluleke kakhulu kwimibongo zabo. Avele Kusenokwenzeka offhand, uzifunda.

Omar isikhundla ingahlali enkundleni

Ekupheleni kuka 1092 wasiqhekeza kunyaka-20 xesha cwaka yobomi bakhe kwinkundla Malik Shah. Ngeli xesha, umbusi wafa kwiimeko ncam. Kwaye Nizam al-అసోసియేషన్ indibanisela uhlaselwe inyanga ngaphambili. Ukufa labathengi ezimbini imithombo aphakathi Khayyam ukuba kwaziwe ukuba Ismailis, abameli yenkolo-yezopolitiko sibhekiswe yezikhulu Turkish. Emva kokufa Malik Shah, bona endaweni Isfahan bayazi. Ubundlobongela kunye aqatha abazalwa uloyiko kwagcwala imfihlelo kwidolophu lokubulala. A umzabalazo amandla waqala ukuwa yombuso.

Simbi kwaye imeko entendelezweni umhlolokazi Omar Malik Shah Turkan Khatun. Umfazi Bengakholosanga omalunga Nizam al-అసోసియేషన్ indibanisela. Omar Khayyam uye wasebenza kangangexesha elithile kwi-Observatory, kodwa akazange afumane naluphi isiqulatho odlulileyo, akukho nkxaso. Kwangaxeshanye, wakhonza gqirha kunye nabakhwitsi kwi Turkan Khatun.

Njengoko umsebenzi wenkundla wachacha Khayyam

Ibali indlela lokonakalisa umsebenzi wakhe enkundleni, ngoku iye yaba incwadi. Ku fanele ku 1097. Sanjar, unyana omncinane Malik Shah, xa wosulelwa chicken pox, kunye Khayyam, ngubani wamphatha kuye, singaqondanga ichazwe Akuthandabuzeki ukuba inkwenkwe eneminyaka eli-11 ubudala uya kuphila. Isithuthuthu bathetha mazwi weva yi isicaka, wabuguqulela isigulane yindlalifa. Ngoobani umbusi elizayo, owayelawula ukususela 1118 ngo 1157 urhulumente Seljuk, Sanjar bonke ubomi ayemzonda ubutshaba bakhe Khayyam.

Emva kokufa Malik Shah Isfahan salahlekelwa kweziko zenzululwazi engundoqo kunye sasebukhosini. Benza kwaye ekugqibeleni, isikhungo, ingqukuva wafuduselwa kwisixeko Merv (Khorasan) iye yavalwa. UOmar washiya inkundla ngonaphakade, wabuyela Nishapur.

Ubomi Nishapur

Apha awayebuphila de kokufa kwakhe, kuphela ngamaxesha athile beshiya isixeko behambela Balkh kunye eBukhara. Ukongeza, wenza kusiyiwa elide ukuya kwiindawo iMuslim ingcwele eMecca. Khayyam efundisa madrasas Nishapur. Kwafuneka isangqa encinane abafundi. Ngamanye amaxesha Kungathatha sisazinzulu irula abamfunayo intlanganiso naye wathatha inxaxheba kule mpikiswano zenzululwazi.

Ixesha lokugqibela lobomi bakhe nzima kakhulu, inxulunyaniswa intswelo sisentlungwini sele eveliswe lilolo yokomoya. In Nishapur iminyaka waduma Omar njengoko ngeenkwenkwezi wezibalo zafakwa uzuko umwexuki freethinker. Umsindo kwabalandeli of Islam wabiza iimbono zakhe bulumko.

lemveli Scientific and bulumko ka Khayyam

Biography of Omar Khayyam (short) akakwazi ukuthetha iinkcukacha malunga nomsebenzi wakhe. Siphawula kuphela ukuba ilifa lakhe encinane zenzululwazi nentanda-bulumko. Ngokungafaniyo uAvicenna, ezihlangwini zakhe, Khayyam akazange adale inkqubo ecacileyo bulumko. azibhala bakhe bebalisa kuphela imibuzo ngabanye bulumko, nangona ibalulekileyo. Ezinye zazo zaye zabhalwa kuphendulwa isicelo esivela amaqumrhu wempangelo okanye ngokomoya. Iye yasinda 5 kuphela kwiincwadi zeentanda-Omar. Bonke bephela angqalileyo, emfutshane, ngamanye amaxesha zingathathela amakhasi ambalwa.

Uhambo eMecca, kwaye nobomi ezilalini

Emva kwexesha elithile, kungquzulwano kunye nabefundisi baba uyingozi kangangokuba Khayyam kwanyanzeleka ukuba enze kusiyiwa nzima yaye elide eMecca (kule minyaka sele abadala). Kweli xesha uhambo ukuya kwiindawo ezingcwele ngamanye amaxesha yathatha iminyaka. UOmar waphila ixesha elithile Baghdad. Ukufundisa ngobomi bakhe kuye iyavela Nizamiyya.

UOmar Khayyam, siyazi ubomi malunga yakhe, ngelishwa, abaninzi, bebuyela ekhaya, waqala ukuba uhlala kwilali kufuphi Nishapur kwindlu esitheleyo. Ngokutsho ubungqina biographers kumaxesha, yena wayengekho utshatile kwaye abantwana abengabawiselanga mthetho. Wayehlala ivalwe sisengozini ngenxa ukungamthembi nentshutshiso.

Njengoko sele wachitha iiyure zokugqibela ubomi Omar Khayyam

biography elifutshane Russian of the sisazinzulu, sobulumko imbongi, yabhalwa eziliqela ababhali. Yonke imithombo bayavuma ukuba unyaka yokufa kwakhe ngqo kwaziwa. Umhla kakhulu amathuba kuthathwa ukuba abe naye ngo 1123. Ukususela umthombo kwenkulungwane ye-12 beza kuthi ibali malunga nendlela Khayyam wachitha iiyure zokugqibela zobomi. Eli bali naluvayo kwizalamane zakhe, Abu-l-Hasan Beyhaki. Ngale mini, uOmar safunda ngenyameko "Book of UkuPhilisa" ebhalwe ngu uAvicenna. Ukufikelela i "single yaye ezininzi" Hayam wabeka wokuvungula phakathi iimakhishithi, wacela ukuba abantu ilungelo ukwenza ukuthanda kwakhe. UOmar ungatyi okanye usele imini yonke. Emva kokuphumelela umthandazo yokugqibela, waqubuda emhlabeni apha ngokuhlwa. Emva koko, Khayyam wathi, ukuguqukela kuThixo, ukuba wayesazi kangangoko kunokwenzeka, nokuba ulwazi - le yindlela eya kuyo. Waza wafa. Kwifoto ngezantsi - engcwabeni lakhe Nishapur.

Ukususela oko eminye imithombo uyakwazi ukufunda yomphefumlo womntu efana Omar Khayyam? Biography TSB (Great Soviet Encyclopedia) ziya lulungele wena ukuba ulwazi nje olusisiseko ngayo. Unako kwakhona jonga upapasho encwadi Khayyam, kwintshayelelo ukuba ngokufuthi ukunika inkcazo yobomi bakhe. Siye olunikiweyo ulwazi kuphela esisiseko ngalo mntu ezifana Omar Khayyam. Biography, ubuzwe bakhe, imbali yobomi bakhe, imibongo namaphecana - konke oku kwaye abaninzi abantu abanomdla namhlanje. Ithetha ngokubaluleka ilifa awashiyileyo, indima enkulu kwimbali yobuntu Omar Khayyam.