Swedish Tank Battle: ngokutsha imifanekiso kunye neenkcazo

Enye uphawu geqe ubukho imbopheleleko yenu imikhosi yakhe exhobileyo. Umkhosi naliphi na ilizwe yahlulelwe kwii ariya ezininzi ezingundoqo, oko kukuthi, Air Force, imikhosi Marine nemikhosi komhlaba. Ngenxa yoko, i-Army compulsorily uyigqiba iyantlukwano vehicles, ngaphandle apho akunakwenzeka ukuba ukucinga ukuphunyezwa ngamajoni omkhulu. Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha ngayo eso sithuthi wamajoni, itanki Swedish. Malunga ethetha ngakumbi.

ulwazi zembali

LeMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi akazange ekuphulukwana emkhosini Swedish ngengqiqo ukuba zibukele ngenyameko izithuthi vehicles yaye bafuna iindlela ezahlukeneyo kwanokuphucula umkhosi wayo. Ekuqaleni, lo balwa wayefuna ukuthenga itanki British ukufunda ngokweenkcukacha, kodwa ekugqibeleni ingcamango kwaliwa izicelo zabo kuba ulawulo Swedish ugqibe ukuba deal ibiza kakhulu (kroons-40 000).

ubuqhetseba German

itanki yokuqala Sweden yaba itrekta. Ekuqaleni, kuvakala yobuyatha, kodwa iphantsi ngesebe oomatshini yezolimo Jamani emva kokoyiswa kwimfazwe Sweden wathengisa 10 lamatanki yayo LK-II. Kulo mzekelo, umatshini kunikelwa unassembled, yaye indibano yokugqibela matanki lwaqhutywa kumhlaba Swedish. Inqwelo yokulwa yokuqala yahlangana Scandinavians ngo-Apreli 1922, kwaye iiyunithi ezilishumi ngo-Agasti ngo qwa. Xa ekwindla ka-1924 le matanki yaseSweden ngokuthi M / 21.

kwempucuko

Kule minyaka 1924-1925 kwezi matshini, amalinge ezaziqhutywa ukufaka izikhululo zikanomathotholo. Bonke iitanki 10 ababekho, "incwadi yokuqala 'ukuba iinjineli Swedish zomkhosi ngenxa lonke ushishino. Ngowe-1929, enye kulwa zezi yunithi zaphuculwa; bamkhwelisa Swedish Scania Vabis iinjini 1554, amandla nganye leyo 85 enjini (analogu isiJamani waba hp 56 ..).

Ngokubona Staff General

Ngowe-1928, i-oyiNtloko Jikelele Abasebenzi wabhengeza iimfuno Hammarskjold ukuba kwafuneka ukuthobela netanki Swedish:

• firepower elilelona (imipu umatshini ezimbini kwaye nompu kufuneka ifakwe kumatshini).
• Akhona eXcellent cross-lizwe ngu ndawo (ubuncinane-10 km / h phezu ezimbi yaye ubuncinane ama-20 km / h kumgaqo oqhelekileyo).
• Zempi kufuneka zikhuselwe kunaso umlilo abanjalo 37 mm.
• Ubunzima itanki mayingagqithi iitoni ezili-12, ukuze ukuba kudlula kwo ngaphandle iingxaki.

inikeza iinjineli

Ngoko nangoko sele zingenisiwe inani leeprojekthi kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo. Xa tank ethile Mogårdshammarstridsvagnen iye ecetywayo lwalo lesithandathu, phakathi apho kwakukho umatshini indawo kokuba kaloliwe eshukumayo. Noko ke, le projekthi iye yaphuhliswa ngenxa yokuba ukufa umbhali wayo.

Ngenxa yoko, inkampani "Landsverk" wanikela STRV lakhe Swedish ekuthiwa L-5. Waba nako ukuqhubela okanye imizila, kwaye engakwazi ngokukodwa amavili ukuqhuba emendweni. Of ngezikhali bodidi 37 mm kunaso nemipu ezimbini umatshini. Noko ke, kwaba umatshini incwadi buthathaka kakhulu into enokumelana umlilo umatshini-umpu.

Ixesha 1930

Le itanki Swedish zange samkelwa, kodwa ekugqibeleni waba isiseko kwimveliso iimoto 1930, L-30 - itanki wheel-zilandelwa a. Le izixhobo yasemkhosini nako ukubonisa isantya iimpawu ezigqwesileyo kwi izilingo 1931. Ezinobunzima kulwa 11,500 kg, iingoma itanki kwi olukhawulezileyo ku-35 km / h, kunye RV - ukuya ku-75 km / h.

Kamva, amatanki Swedish engama-30 ifunyenwe kuphela ezinqunquthayo. Amavili wala. Imoto kakhulu ezithandwayo wafumana L-10, iveliswayo "Landsverk". Babenayo iilori ezimbini, nganye eneyazo izileyi ezimbini inkxaso kuyo. Ngenxa yoko ke, izileyi bayithwala amawele yaye rubber band. Iinqwelo isibiyeli indibano efanayo zimiliselwe emazantsi igobhogobho ecaleni yaye ukunceda. Isikrweqe ngokungqalileyo umatshini ilingana no-24 mm. Ukususela iingalo kumatshini yaba projectile 37 mm Cannon "Bofors" bokwenziwa apho umgama oziimitha ezili-300 idlulileyo 42 mm sheet metal, kunye kumgama 1000 m - 28 mm sheet. Kwakhona kwakukho umpu 6.5 mm ukuvuleka.

Ngowe-1934, "Landsverk" wenza yoyilo ezimbini ezintsha omnye Armed Forces: itanki L-100, nto leyo yaba kancinane bubunzima zabo, yaye yenzelwe ukuba kwesimo, kwakunye L-60 - yindlalifa L-10, nto leyo ngaphambili bekumele ukuba kwamanye amazwe, kwaye ngenxa yokuba umkhosi Swedish uthenge izinto ezimbalwa zokuqala zezi matshini kuphela ngowe-1937. Itanki L-60 15 mm kunaso oluzenzekelayo weentonga 20 mm ukuvuleka.

Ngowe-1939 iye yamkelwa Tank M-39, mayixhotyiswe umpu semi-zenzekelayo "Bofors" kunye ububanzi of 37 mm nemipu ezimbini umatshini. Le nqaba waba design entsha.

Ixesha 1940

Ukuba sicinga Swedish amatanki yeSibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba uphuhliso itanki eSweden ngelo xesha negalelo namava umkhosi waseJamani, nto leyo eyanyanzelisa ukuba balwa ukuhlaziya iimbono zakhe phezu imikhosi itanki xa iyonke.

Ngowe-1942, le nkqubo sele sivunyiwe eSweden, ezijolise kuphuhliso omkhosi nokubonelela ngokusekwa imikhosi ezintathu vehicles. Xa ngamnye kubo wayefanele ukuba ithathele ezimbini. Inani lilonke lezithuthi yokulwa baba iiyunithi 315 ukukhanya 228 enzima.

Swedish itanki ukukhanya m / 40K wayengomnye ethandwa yomkhosi kweli lizwe laseScandinavia. Imoto sele ifumene ukunqunyanyiswa luqiniswe kunye iinjini kunye nemveliso 160 enjini. Ukubhukha Frontal kwaba-50 mm kunye bead - 20 mm. Kukho kwakhona iinkcukacha ukuba balwa ikwazile ukufumana inqande ukosuleleka yaseJamani ngomatshini, ezifanayo nezo zisetyenziswa kwi m / 39.

iitanki yesebe Swedish m / 41 naye ngakumbi isikrweqe ngaphambili kunye iinxalenye aft. Le Inqaba isakhiwo lula, kodwa kwangaxeshanye isikrweqe onamandla ngakumbi. Lonke utshintsho ziye zakhokelela ekubeni iinjineli kwanyanzeleka ukuba sandise ubude yezindlu ukuya kuma-65 mm kwaye andise amandla itanki amafutha (ukusuka kwiilitha 190 ukuya 230). Kwakhona ingqalelo amathuba usebenzisa uyilo ngobuchule igobhogobho welding kunye uqoqo, kodwa kwagqitywa ukuba imveliso fomato kuthatha ixesha elininzi kakhulu, yaye ekugqibeleni yayekwa le ngcingane.

kwamatanki Swedish engu / 42 yaba yimilinganiso elinganayo ukuya kwiitoni 22.5. Eli qela emine. yokuzenza kuqiniswe njengoko iingalo kwafuneka-75 mm iwele kunaso ukuvuleka umatshini gun, yaye ezimbini 8 mm. Umpu lwesithathu zixhonywe kwikhosi setting. Kwaye uqoqo istili ofunwa kunye yaye babe ngokumila zihambe. Babesiya ukusebenzisa iindawo wabumba kwinxalenye ngokungqalileyo. imoto Zempi zafikelela 55 mm (eminye imithombo bathi ukuba eli nani bengekafiki 80 mm). Injini transmission zenziwa kwiinguqulelo ezininzi, aba bamamkeleyo efanelekileyo ikhowudi unobumba-mbini. imizekelo kwamatanki bebexhotyiswa isimiso ezimbini enesakhono 325 enjini yaye kugqithiso electro-mechanical control manual. Emva kwexesha injoli imoto baqalisa ukuvelisa uthumelo oluzenzekelayo ngasinye weenjini. Emva kwethutyana ke kwiitanki baqalisa ukuvelisa single-injini eyenziweyo "Volvo", amandla apho, ngokutsho uqikelelo ezahlukeneyo, akwazi ukufikelela 380 ukuya 410 enjini. Ukongeza, kukho indawo khona kunye transmission oluzenzekelayo ukuba sele enobunye.

Nangona zonke umehluko yobugcisa, zonke kwiitanki m / 42 babe ngesantya esifanayo intshukumo ubuninzi - 42 km / h.

Ngokwahlukeneyo, imifuziselo eziliqela ziye obuqokelelwe abathetheli, aba iisampulu zixhotyiswe ngokukodwa kunye transceiver abangabancedani ukuba samaza watt-70. Wanikwa indawo exchange angaphandle ufakelo umatshini-umpu, owathatha umgangatho buti ubeko esetyenziweyo.

Kweli xesha ka 1944-1945 ekuxabeleni amandla iphambili imikhosi Swedish vehicles yaba m / 42 umatshini. Ezi iitanki Swedish, photo ngezantsi, kungaphezu kakhulu ababengaphambi zabo iingalo, kunye nokusasazwa imisebenzi yabasebenzi. Kodwa ke, nangona konke oku, embindini ka-1944, le ndlela yaba emazantsi zixeliweyo itanki medium of ngokwesiseko imigangatho yehlabathi ezikhoyo ngoko. barreled gun 75 mm ubudeki balo kakhulu okungafanelekanga ngenxa sokuqala Velocity weentonga ukugqobhoza projectile yokubhabha eliphantsi. Ukuze oku kufuneka kongezwe, kwaye kananjalo iingxaki ezinkulu kakhulu ngokuthembekileyo: isisu semoto ngokukhawuleza yonakala, indlela ujikelezo igcwele, wala transmission electromechanical.

Chwetheza zokudubula self-esingazihambeliyo

NgoSeptemba 1941, intloko Army ivume imfuneko yophuhliso kunye nokuveliswa imipu esingazihambeliyo. Ekuqaleni kuka-1942, i ufakelo uvavanyo kwase kwi itanki isisu semoto m / 38 ukuvuleka ngompu kunye 74 mm lubonise ukuba ukuveliswa kwicala ethembisa kakhulu.

umsebenzi lwabonisa ukuba elilelona kakhulu m / 41 isisu semoto. NgoMatshi 1943, waqala uphuhliso imipu self-ngokwaso kunye m umpu ukuvuleka 75 mm / 02. Kulo nyaka mnye uvavanyo Pav m / 43 oomatshini sele lwenziwe, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba 105mm howitzer ilungileyo-aqinisekisiweyo.

Ngowe-1944, imipu esingazihambeliyo basiwa kwinkonzo ephawulwe Sav m / 43. Aba matshini Siboleke m isisu semoto / 41 SII, endaweni uqoqo nangokukrola iibhokisi lwabekwayo, baxhotyiswa ngezakhe ngokungqalileyo-50 mm ubukhulu. Xa indima izixhobo bakhuthaza ukuba umpu enobubanzi-75 mm. Noko ke, ukususela 1945, saqalisa ukukutshintsha zizicatshulwa 105 mm. Ukulwa Kit waba 43 shot. Kuba ukusetyenziswa njengesikhali ukubetha ACS anisondelanga, ngenxa yokuba kwakungekho umpu kunye nokukhuselwa efunekayo phezulu anti-itanki.

ngemva kwempi

kwamatanki Swedish enzima baqalisa iza kuphuhliswa 1949. Project ukudala oomatshini enzima, enamandla krv wafumana cipher. Eyona njongo iphambili ye-msebenzi ukwenza enzima kwitanki ukulwa ubunzima baso ukuba iitoni 40-45.

Ekuqaleni, njengoko imipu main instrument ingqalelo 105, 120 no-155 mm. 155 mm ukuvuleka kunaso yaba yeyona umdla, kodwa bawucekisile. Emva kokuchitha uhlalutyo ethile, emkhosini ukhethe i-mm 120 ngompu ziphangwe.

Uphononongo yakhokelela ilungiselelo ukuba njineli babeqinisekile: ukubonelela ubunzima ezifunwayo kunye nobukhulu itanki kuyimfuneko ukuba bashiye zonke kwenqaba njengesiqhelo. Siye sahlolisisa ukhetho kakhulu inguqu jinga uqoqo, leyo wayebunjwa iinxalenye ezimbini. Inxalenye engezantsi kwacetywa ukubeka ekufuneni. Yena uya kuba noxanduva izixhobo ukhokelo tye. Inxalenye eliphezulu liyagungqa-moya nkqo.

Ukuze isebe elitsha Swedish lamatanki yasungulwa, kwagqitywa ekubeni ukuthenga evela eFransi itanki enzima AMX 50. Emva kokuhlolisisa bonke iimpawu zayo, i balwa yasungula iprojekthi ebizwa ngokuba krv Emil. Abenzi bemeko- sihlela ukwakha inqaba, ukuba zonke izixhobo eziyimfuneko esizisebenzelayo, kangangokuba kwakungekho mfuneko ukuba umntu. Kakade ke, le ndlela iye yabangela iingxaki, kodwa lunee ezintathu itanki elizayo yenzelwe.

Eyokuqala ababandakanyekayo imveliso koomatshini ezinobunzima phakathi kweetoni 28. Le modeli kufuneka 5.8 yeemitha ubude, iimitha 2.6 ububanzi 2.35 ubude. Ukuvuleka Gun - 120 mm.

Inxalenye phambi etankini kufuneka ibe yindawo ukuba umqhubi, i-avareji yabelwa jinga uqoqo, kwaye back - phantsi injini-transmission gumbi. Ende kwafuneka ukulungiselela gunner yetanki ngqwayi. Isikrweqe emacaleni yomatshini kunye ifidi 20 mm, kwaye inxalenye ephambili - 70 mm. Ende kufakwa ukhuselo kakhulu: ngaphambili isabelo-150 mm, amacala nangesemva - 30 mm. itanki Dvadtsativosmitonny wayezimisele ukuxhobisa onamandla injini 550 l. a.

Le nxalenye umdla kumatshini yaba inqaba, ethe inxenye kufika. Ukongeza, ayiqali umthamo kunyanzelekile ukuze kuxhotyiswe izixhobo zomkhosi autoloader kuphela. Xa Ezomva kwinqaba eyayicwangciselwe ukubeka igubu ezimbini, oko bekuya kuba kweqokobhe, kwakunye chambering ekulayisheni line kunye nonikezelo emthethweni.

Inguqulelo yesibini itanki krv Emil izicwangciso ukusebenzisa umpu enamandla ngakumbi nezikhali nesithokothoko. Inxalenye ngaphambili waba ububanzi 145 mm, a bead - 60 mm. oomatshini Weight yandiswe ukuya kwiitoni 38. Umthamo olucwangcisiweyo injini kwinqanaba seelitha 665. a.

Umba wesithathu - nzima kakhulu ngengqiqo emitsha yelizwi, kuba umatshini bekumele ukuba bahlaziye tonnes 42 uze ube injini ilitha 810. a. Inqanaba wokhuseleko kule ihleli injalo kunye ngumfuziselo yesibini yitanki.

Ngelishwa ngenxa umkhosi Swedish, iprojekthi krv Emil khange uMmeli kunye neziphumo ezihle. Iingxaki kunye nophuhliso kunye nokudalwa kwinqaba wagalela kwakhokelela ekubeni umkhosi Swedish wagqiba ukuthenga ubugcisa amazwe, ngoko ke kwiitanki zaye British-eyenziwe iingalo eSweden phambi kokuqala 2000.

tank umchithi

Breakfast Strv Tank 103 yaba wokulwa unit iphambili imikhosi vehicles Swedish kule 1960. Ngokwenene, ayikho kangako itanki, zingaphi ukulwa. Yena sinikezwe ngoyilo eyodwa, apho kubonakala kungekho kwinqaba kunye nezixhobo ezimbaxa nzima netyala. Guidance gun kuthwalwa ukujikeleza kunye utyekelo umzimba machine kunye nokunqunyanyiswa. Kwakhona le itanki yokuqala emhlabeni, nto leyo ukongeza kwi idiesel yayifakwe kwaye injini yerhasi.

Le kwezikhali kumatshini - umpu ka-105 mm, ezintathu umatshini gun 7,62 mm, omnye anti-moya gun, ezimbini sokuqhumisa chetyrehstvolnyh. I-injini engundoqo diesel K-60 umthamo seelitha ezili-240. nabo, kunye nenkxaso -. "iBoeing-502 'amandla seelitha ezili-330. a.

Kwakhona, itanki waba aft duplicate ulawulo akhiwe. Ngenxa kule iqhele khona umqhubi radio nako ukusebenza umatshini niyise umva xa kuyimfuneko.

project Swedish

Ngowe-1997, le Hägglunds inkampani waqalisa ukwenza itanki entsha Swedish. Le projekthi yafumana ikhowudi CV 90-120.

Le itanki lisetyenziswa ngokusekelwe kwisisu semoto BMP C90. Kwakhona ke sidibanise ubambo ngqongqo ezizodwa, elathi ukugcina uzinzo umatshini emva zokudubula-120 mm ukuvuleka kunaso. Noko ke, ngenxa yoko kwathiwa kuyehla yokusebenza olutshintshayo.

itanki Motor - 8-cylinder Scania unit iphuhlisa amandla 640 l. s transmission imoto -. Perkins X 300. Oku kuvumela itanki xa ubunzima bomzimba iitoni-26 kunye iimbumbulu epheleleyo ukukhawulezisa kwi-70 km / h. Wew yemizila kunye emazantsi elungiselelwe ukuba siyiqhube imoto kwindawo ngekhephu. Umqhubi Ungasebenzisa izixhobo ezintathu owawusisibonakude ukujonga iindawo.

itanki Swedish CV90120 engabonakaliyo ine ifidi oluzenzekelayo amaqokobhe kunye nenkqubo yokutshaja. Lo matshini unako ukwenza ukuya rounds-14 ngomzuzu. amaqokobhe iimbumbulu 45. Umpu lixhotyiswe isixhobo okhethekileyo, ekuqhubeni kukufakwa umsi onesiphumo emva shot.

drives Zenzekelayo ukuvumela ende, ukuze enze kujikelezo setyhula ukuhambisa isixhobo kwi uluhlu - degrees-8 ukuya +22. Le shooter uyakwazi ukusebenzisa i laser rangefinder, isixhobo kujoliswe, a imager thermal.

Le lokungabonakali yetanki ibonelelwe kunye nenkqubo yokugquma isicelo Adaptiv ezisebenzayo kuluhlu infrared.

Inxalenye Adaptiv engaphandle - ipleyiti kunye engile ezintandathu. Nala itanki neempawu zolwakhiwo nje kuphela kube ayibonakali utshaba, kodwa iyakwazi ukwenza ebizwa ngokuba yi-phantom lobuxoki, "ukutsala" elektroniki. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, umatshini isipreyi ilifu zetoti ngeenxa kwabo, nto leyo igcina lokungabonakali screen ngaphezu kwemizuzu emibini. Umthamo ubume ilingana neelitha 300.

Ngaphandle emotweni kunye nokhuseleko electronic, oluya kwenza kwaziwe ukuba crew ukuba ikhondo labo uphiko lo. Emva ukuba kunokwenzeka njengokuphanga ngqo wafumana zobugcisa, kunye jamming.

isiphelo

Le wokuhlaziywa isishwankathelo matanki Swedish. ubugcisa bale mihla eyayimi ngxi, yaye umda loshishino zokhuselo le nto kungekho ngaphandle. Amatanki banamhlanje - oomatshini abaxhakaxhaka ukuba akhawuleze ukubhaqa atshabalalise utshaba.