Njani ubone izilwanyana? Yintoni imibala ziyahluka?

Amehlo - umzimba ezizodwa, apho inkululeko bonke abantu abahlala kulo mhlaba. Siyazi njani imibala sibona ihlabathi, yaye loo nto ibonakala njani izilwanyana? Ziziphi imibala bebona ikati, kwaye oko? Black-mhlophe umbono enoba ezinjeni? Ulwazi umbono isilwanyana kuya kusinceda ukuba ukujonga kwihlabathi ngokubanzi abasingqongileyo kwaye siqonde indlela yokuziphatha izilwanyana zabo.

iimpawu ze

Ukanti, ukuba ubone izilwanyana? Ngokutsho kwezinye izalathi umbono zezilwanyana bagqibelele ngaphezu koko umntu, kodwa inika ukukwazi ukwahlula imibala. izilwanyana ezininzi ungabona kuphela uhlobo oluthile malunga palette yabo. Umzekelo, ixesha elide bekukholeleka ukuba izinja bangabona kuphela in black and white. A inyoka konke eyimfama. Kodwa ke uphando lwakutsha nje luye lwabonisa ukuba izilwanyana kubona kwamaza ezahlukeneyo, ngokungafaniyo nabantu.

Thina, ngenxa mbono, sifumana ngaphezu kwama-90% ulwazi malunga ihlabathi esingqongileyo. Eyes kuthi - ezikhoyo enezivamvo. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, emehlweni lezilwanyana namandla aso ngaphezulu kakhulu kunokuba abantu. Ngoko ke akukho mfihlakalo ukuba raptors sibonile amaxesha 10 ngcono. Eagle uyakwazi ukubona ixhoba babalekela kumgama amakhulu eziliqela leemitha, kwaye ukhetshe njengeyona uzingela ihobe kubude ngekhilomitha enye.

Umahluko kwakhona kuxhomekeke kwinto yokuba uninzi izilwanyana ezinkulu kubona emnyameni. Iiseli zephotoreceptor le retina iliso ligxile ukukhanya, kwaye ivumela izilwanyana, zasebusuku, abambise lokusetyenziswa ukukhanya ziluhlaza ezimbalwa. Yaye isibakala sokuba amehlo izilwanyana ezininzi ukuvutha ebumnyameni, ngenxa yokuba phantsi retina umaleko ekhethekileyo kubonakalisa ekuthiwa tapetum. Ngoku makhe sikhangele iintlobo ngamnye.

amahashe

amahashe zaziwa ngokuba amehlo akhe novakalelo ngenkankulu nabani na diki. Kodwa abo bafunda ukukhwela, ukuze bathi Indlela umva zehashe kuyingozi. Kodwa kutheni? Indlela izilwanyana sibone oko kwenzekayo emva kwakho? Ewe, emva kokuba onke - ihashe ngasemva kwindawo uyimfama, yaye ngenxa yoko ke kungaba lula ukoyika kunye nenkunzi.

ezikhona amehlo zehashe ukuze kubonwe ngeendlela ezimbini. umbono wakhe, njengoko ziye zohlulwa iinxalenye ezimbini - eye nganye ubona umfanekiso, ngenxa yokuba amehlo emacaleni entloko. Kodwa ukuba ihashe ujonge ecaleni impumlo, ngoko ubona umfanekiso omnye. Kwakhona, le isilwanyana umbono omhle neuropathy sibona ngongcwalazi.

Yongeza kancinci komzimba. Kwiretina, naziphi receptors isidalwa abaphilayo kweentlobo ezimbini: iintonga neziqina. Of inani cone kuxhomekeke umbono umbala, kunye iintonga banoxanduva peripheral. Enamahashe inani yeentsasa ufakwa kumnceda ntoni na umntu, kodwa receptors cone zinokuthelekiswa. Oku kubonisa ukuba amahashe nabo babe umbono umbala.

cats

Uninzi nezindlu ubambe izilwanyana, kwaye yeyona ixhaphakileyo, Kakade ke, iikati. izilwanyana Ukubona, ingakumbi felines, eyahluke kakhulu kwi-yabantu. Njengokhozo ikati ayikho ngeenxa zonke, njengezilwanyana ezininzi, yaye evuthelweyo. Yena uyazazi ukuba inani elikhulu ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo ukuya exineneyo encinane isikhewu. Esi salathisi uthi kwiretina izilwanyana linani elikhulu kwentonga-receptors, yi abakubonayo ngokugqibeleleyo ebumnyameni.

Kuthekani imibala? Ziziphi imibala babona vukati? Kude kube kutshanje kwakukholelwa ukuba neekati kubona in black and white. Kodwa ke uphando lubonise ukuba intsapho cat ukuba kakuhle ukwahlula phakathi imibala ndiyingwevu, eluhlaza kunye nezuba. Kwakhona bona i shades ezininzi ezingwevu - up to iithowuni 25.

izinja

Dog umbono yahlukile ukuba aqhele thina. Ukuba uye emva anatomy, iintlobo ezintathu receptors cone zifumaneka iliso yabantu:

• Eyokuqala ubona radiation elide-yomtshangatshangiso, nto leyo zizakubalulwa-orenji kunye ebomvu.
• Okwesibini - eliphakathi. Kuyinto kwezi kwamaza sibona mthubi noluhlaza.
• Okwesithathu, ngokulandelelana, wamkela amaza apho ukwahlula emsi nemfusa nebomvu.

ahluka Amehlo ezilwanyana bubukho iintlobo ezimbini cone, ngoko inja akakwazi ukubona imibala bomvu naorenji.

Lo mahluko nje kuphela into - izinja hyperopia ubone izinto kakuhle ihamba. Umgama ukusuka apho ubona into engenakususwa, iqulathe imitha ukuya ku-600, kodwa izinja into ihamba waphawula sele abaneemitha 900. Kungenxa yeso sizathu ke kungcono ukuba ukubaleka kude guards chetyrehlapyh.

Vision phantse umzimba enkulu inja, kuba inkoliso alandela ivumba nokuva.

Ngoku makhe zishwankathela - ntoni imibala izinja kubona? Xa oku ziyafana ebantwini, umbala-iimfama, babubone emsi nemfusa, mthubi noluhlaza, kodwa umxube imibala kubonakala kubo nje ezimhlophe. Kodwa izinja kakuhle, kwakunye neekati, umbala owahlukileyo ingwevu, kunye imibala ukuya ku-40.

iimazi

Abaninzi bakholelwa, yaye ngokufuthi thaca basekhaya uphuphu-ayabulala iso ebomvu. Enyanisweni, amehlo ezi zilwanyana ukubona imibala kwiplanga elimcambalala ngendlela iithowuni ungapheleli kakhulu ungapheleli. Ngoko ke, iinkunzi neemazi kakhulu isabela intshukumo kunokuba ngendlela iimpahla zakho okanye anikeza umbala wendiza phambi empumlweni yawo. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, njengokuba umntu ofana, ukuba ubuso bakhe baqalisa ukuba itshangatshangiswe ababambelela bemthandele, ibe yinto esisibambiso, kwi scruff na umkhonto?

Ukanti, ukuba ubone izilwanyana? Iimazi zeenkomo, ngokutsho isakhiwo yamehlo abo, uyakwazi ukwahlula yonke imibala: amhlophe namnyama, mthubi noluhlaza, abe bomvu naorenji. Kodwa ke amandla kuphela kwaye kwentamo. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, emehlweni iimazi liyafana iglasi, yaye ngenxa yesi sizathu bavame ukuba nothuke xa wabona ngesiquphe abantu ezifanelekileyo kubo.

izilwanyana zasebusuku ziva

izilwanyana ezininzi, zasebusuku, abe namehlo amakhulu. Umzekelo, letarsier. Le inkawu encinci ohamba kuzingela ebusuku. ukuba ayidluli iproteni, kodwa nezo kuphela ehlabathini, lusidla izinambuzane namacilikishe.

Amehlo esi silwanyana zinkulu yaye ungamnikeli emakrolomeni zazo. Kodwa ngeli zetarsier entanyeni nezimo kakhulu ukuvumela ukuba uphendule izidanga zakhe entloko 180 kwaphela. Kuye kwakhona umbono ongaqhelekanga peripheral sikuvumela ukuba ubone kwemitha nokuba eyingozi. Kodwa umbala umahluko zetarsier ubuthathaka kakhulu, zonke izilwanyana zasebusuku.

Ndifuna ukuthi malunga abemi zixhaphakileyo laloo mzi ebusuku - aqubude kuzo. Ukuze ixesha elide bekucingelwa ukuba ndiyathanda imboniselo, ubhabhe kuphela amaza. Kodwa ke uphando lwakutsha nje luye lwabonisa ukuba umbono ebusuku obalaseleyo nangaphezulu - Amalulwane bayakwazi ukukhetha ukuba zibhabhela ngayo isandi okanye vula ngombono ebusuku.

ezirhubuluzayo

Ukuxelela ubone indlela izilwanyana, awukwazi tu ngendlela bebona inyoka. Tale malunga Mowgli, apho Boa yaza yabonisa iinkawu bakhe mesmerizing, nto leyo bubuso. Kodwa ngaba yinyani? Kodwa nantsi eyona nyaniso.

Iinyoka ayiboni kakuhle, ichaphazela isikhumba olukhuselayo nesigubungelo amehlo kwizirhubuluzi. Kule ebizwa abasemagunyeni zibonakala zixwebile kwaye wenze uhlobo eloyikekayo, leyo imizekeliso. Kodwa ke emehlweni iinyoka ayibalulekanga, sigcine, ukuba bahlasele izinto ezihambayo. Ngoko ke, xa sentsomi, yaye wathi ukuba nyani wayehleli ngalala - bavele wayesazi ukubaleka kanjani.

Asingabo bonke zeenyoka uhlobo boluvo thermal, kodwa ukukhanya infrared kunye nombala, ukuba azifani. Inyoka umbono binocular, nto leyo ithetha ukuba ubona imifanekiso emibini. A ubuchopho ngokukhawuleza ukuzilungisa ulwazi, emnika ufifi ubukhulu, umgama kwaye ikwakhankanya isisulu saso.

iintaka

Birds hit zezinto eziphilayo. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, umbono lo didi eziphilileyo, kakhulu, zahluke kakhulu. Konke kuxhomekeke kuhlobo yokuphila ikhokelela intaka.

Ngoko ke, sonke siyazi ukuba amarhamncwa abukhali kakhulu. Ezinye iintlobo okhozi ungaqaphela ixhoba labo ukusuka kubude ngaphezu kokuba ngekhilomitha, Iliwa bawe phantsi ukubamba kuye. Kwaye uyazi ukuba ezinye iintlobo zeentaka inyama ukubona ukukhanya yelanga, nto leyo evumela ukuba bafumane kwi mnyama ngoboya elandelayo iimpuku entsimini?

owl Zobungangamela awukwazi ukususa amehlo abo, kodwa sinikezwe nentamo nezimo kakhulu evumela ukuba babuye izidanga zakhe entloko 180. Parazitelno, kodwa kunzima irhamncwa ukubona ebumnyameni kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo alibamba ngayo ixhoba, ukuzwa guided.

Kwaye siphila budgerigar yakho ekhaya umbono egqwesileyo kwaye uyakwazi ukubona yonke into umbala. Studies ababonise ukuba aba bantu ahluka omnye komnye ngokusebenzisa neentsiba olukhazimlisiweyo.

Kakade ke, lo isihloko ebanzi kakhulu, kodwa ke ndiyathemba ukuba iifekthi ziya kuba luncedo kuwe ngenxa ukuqonda ubone indlela izilwanyana.