Ngubani wabhala "I Nutcracker"? Umbhali tale "I Nutcracker kunye Mouse kukumkani 'ibali indalo yayo

Hoffman - imbalasane yombalisi-mabali, ogama lakhe abaziqhelileyo abantwana kunye nabantu abadala. Wonke ukhumbula owabhala "I Nutcracker." Abantu abaninzi baqonde ukuba Hoffman wayengekho nje umbhali, a bili wokwenene. Kaloku, njani umntu oqhelekileyo ukudala amabali ezimangalisayo ezifana emoyeni?

umbhali

Kukholelwa ukuba oosiyazi bazalwa, apho andithandi ukuba. Ernst Theodor Wilhelm (isandi igama lakhe ekuqaleni yobomi) wazalwa kwisixeko esihle Königsberg. Ngaloo mini, iCawa imbeko St. Ioanna Zlatousta. Uyise umbhali elizayo waba ligqwetha.

Eyithandayo Hoffmann Young

Ukususela kwiminyaka ekuqaleni Ernst wayemthanda umculo, yena iplagi yakhe. Kamva, wada waliguqula igama lakhe William aphambukele Amadeus (igama Mozart). Umfana edlala phezu organ, ivayolin, ipiyano, ukubhala izibongo, wayenomdla ukupeyinta, kunye nomculo. Xa ekhula, abazali nimshiyile akukho jika, kwaye mfo kwafuneka ukuba baqhubeke yasekhaya - ukuba esemthethweni.

Study and nomsebenzi

Ernst wathobela uyise, ndafunda bengothuswa eyunivesithi yaye yasebenza kumasebe ahlukeneyo egwebayo. Wayengakwazi ukuhlala phantsi kwenye: ngonaphakade zaboniswa Polish kunye Prussia izixeko, ukuthimla e dokumentohranilischah ezinothuli, dozing kwi zimvo naleyo iboniswe caricatures abalingane bakhe izibambiso kwiinkalo ezibalulekileyo. Ngelo xesha kunzima nokuphupha ukuba omnye uzukisiwe, yaye wonk 'ubani uya kwazi ukuba ngubani owabhala "I Nutcracker."

EBerlin no Bamberg

Ngokuphindaphindiweyo igqwetha kusinda wazama ukuyeka umsebenzi wakho, kodwa watsho phantsi. Ngenye imini waya kwikomkhulu waseJamani ukuba abandakanyeke ukupeyinta, kunye nomculo apho, kodwa akukho zuza idenariyo. Emva koko waya kwidolophu encinane ekuthiwa Bamberg, apho wafika wasebenza nje umqhubi, umqambi, wabeka ingcibi, umlawuli yeqonga, babhala izincoko kunye nohlolo lephephandaba umculo, zokufundiswa kunye pianos bathengiswa kunye namanqaku. Nangona kunjalo, imali sabakho kufa, akukho udumo umbhali nentsomi "I Nutcracker" kwaye akakakwamkeli.

Dresden kunye Leipzig, ukudalwa i "imbiza Golden"

Xa Hoffmann waqonda angabi sakwazi ukuhlala Bamberg, waza waya Dresden, apho kungekudala kwalandela e Leipzig, kungekudala wabulawa ukuqhushumba ngexesha elinye amadabi yokugqibela Napoleonic uze emva koko ...

Mhlawumbi bakubize idalelwe zithanda ukusebenzisa Ioanna Zlatousta, kodwa ngenye imini Ernst wathabatha ebuhlanti, wayithi nkxu i-inki ... ngequbuliso kwabakho ekhencezayo neekristale iintsimbi, asidubaduba emthini ne-emeraldi nenyoka wadalwa imveliso 'imbiza Golden ". Kwaba 1814.

"Nabakwaziyo ngokohlobo Callot"

Ekugqibeleni Hoffman waqonda ukuba ikamva lakhe kule ncwadi, phambi kwakhe wayivula emasangweni elizwe emangalisayo kunye imilingo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ngaphambi kokuba wabhala, umzekelo, "Chevalier Gluck" yenziwa ngo-1809. Kungekudala kwiincwadana lonke bazala iintsomi, emva koko zaye zabandakanywa ethi "neminqweno ngokohlobo Callot." Usebenza like a lot, kunye Hoffman nangoko abe nendumasi. Kwaye ngoku, ukuba ucela umntwana mihla owabhala "I Nutcracker", yena kungenzeka ukuba uphendule ngokuchanekileyo.

mfihlakalo enkulu

Hoffman wathi, njengomntwana, wazalwa ngeCawa, uthi abantu abaqhelekileyo musa kubona. Amabali zamaqhawe umbhali kungaba funny kwaye eloyikekayo, elungileyo, loyikekayo, kodwa zokuba kubo wabonakala kakhulu ngesiquphe, ezona zinto zilula, nangona ngamanye amaxesha ukusuka emoyeni. Oku kwaba mfihlelo inkulu apho umbhali bayayiqonda kuqala. Hoffmann ngcembe baba ngakumbi odumileyo ngakumbi, kodwa imali akazange ukwengeza. Ngoko ke ukuxoxa kanye kwakhona ukuba ube ngumcebisi of Justice, eli xesha kwikomkhulu German.

Ukudala imisebenzi edume

Esi sixeko umbhali we "I Nutcracker" ekuthiwa entlango yabantu, andiyithandi kakhulu apha. Noko ke, kwakukho e-Berlin zasekwa phantse yonke imisebenzi yakhe. Yinto "I Nutcracker kunye Mouse uKumkani", "Amabali Night" (bona ndiphefumle lakho), "Little Cahes", "iinkolelo zemihla ngemihla Cat Murr," "Nkosazana Brambilla" kunye nabanye. Ngelixesha UGoffman baba ngabahlobo nehlabathi izityebi efanayo yangaphakathi nezengqikelelo yeyakhe. Yayisoloko iincoko ezinzulu kwaye funny malunga bengqondo, ubugcisa kunye kakhulu ngakumbi. Kwaye kwaba-volume emine "Bazalwana Serapion" badalwa ngenxa yezi ngxoxo. On naziphi na kwezi ncwadi, unako ukufumana ukuba ngubani owabhala "I Nutcracker", kufakwe omnye wabo. Igama yombhali iboniswe kwiphepha lokuqala.

iintlekele, ukudalwa "izenze Master"

Hoffmann waba ezininzi iingcamango ezintsha kunye neengcamango, inkonzo ixesha akalithabathanga, yaye bonke baya kakuhle, ukuba akukho omnye ntlekele. Umbhali kanye ubungqina njengoko umntu omsulwa yayiza kubekwa entolongweni, yaye wema le ndoda. Ke umlawuli amapolisa igama von Kamptts esi senzo yakwata. Ngaphezu koko, umbhali nesibindi "I Nutcracker" iboniswe kulo msebenzi yabantu sikweni "Nkosi intakumba", eyabhalwa ngo 1822. Waza wamnika igama Knarrpanti waza wachaza indlela kuqala kubanjwa abantu bakhe, waza emva koko uzixhome ngecala efanelekileyo. Imvelaphi Kamptts nje ezazinomsindo, wacela ukumkani ukuba atshabalalise ngqangi ngeli bali. Ngoko wamangalelwa, kwaye kuphela uncedo kubahlobo kunye ukugula kakhulu wanceda nombhali ukuba siphephe imiphumo ebuhlungu.

End of the Road

Hoffman baphulukana nako ukuqhubela, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba isiphelo sokholo ekuphiliseni. Ekupheleni eziphilayo zadalwa inoveli "I Corner Window" - isipho yokugqibela ukuba abantu abayithandayo zombhali. Kodwa ke abantu abaninzi ukhumbule ngenxa tale Christmas, apho waphumelela iintliziyo ezininzi. Hi ndlela leyi, malunga ngubani na ke umbhali "I Nutcracker", abantwana abaninzi bafunda esikolweni.

umsebenzi wakhe odume

kufuneka bathi amazwi ambalwa malunga nomsebenzi "I Nutcracker kunye Mouse King" ezingaqukwanga kwi "Serapion Brothers" ncwadi. Eli bali kakhulu ukufunda ngeKrismesi, ngenxa yokuba isenzo kuthatha indawo ngeli xesha. Ngomhla kokudalwa wobugcisa Hoffmann eliphefumlelweyo oonyana umhlobo wakhe Julius Hitzig, lowo wadibana kwikomkhulu Polish. amagama abo kunye neempawu ezithile lobuqu umbhali waseJamani imbasa umlinganiswa yomsebenzi wakhe. Xa ugqibile tale, abantwana bafunda ukuba ngumbhali. "I-Nutcracker kunye Mouse King" - umsebenzi omkhulu, indlela awayevakalelwa.

Mari Hittsig, leyo ibizwa ngegama le sentsomi Stahlbaum ngelishwa wafa abaselula. umntakwabo ebizwa Fritz, awawunika "Nutcracker" amajoni umyalelo inkcenkce, aqeqeshelwe wezakhiwo waza waba ngumlawuli we Academy of Arts Fine, ibekwe ikomkhulu German.

Siyazi kuphela iphaphethi ...

Ngaba wakha wacinga ngenye imini kutheni imisebenzi ephambili umlinganiswa waba zokudlala? Nje umbhali, ngoxa unomdla yeqonga, baba onopopi olusondeleyo kunye oonopopi. Umhlobo wakhe wandixelela ukuba Hoffmann yaba ekhabhathini, a zokudlala ivalekile. Umbhali bakholwa ukuba abantu - nje unopopi, kwaye olawula imitya isiphelo ngokwayo, akusoloko wawunesisa kuthi. Wayedla ngokuthi ukuba yonke into aya kuba sikholisa koothixo.

Ngoko ke khumbula ukuba ngubani owabhala sentsomi "I Nutcracker", leyo kufuneka abazali yokufunda.