Ngubani ongeke akhutshwe ngokunciphisa abasebenzi: RF TC

Ukulahleka komsebenzi yinkalo enkulu enokubangelwa yinkathazo yezemali nezoqoqosho. Ukuphuma kwiimeko ezinzima zezemali, imibutho ikhetha ukulungiselela inkqubo yokuvelisa. Kwisakhelo sokuphucula, inani labasebenzi liyancitshiswa. Ngubani ongeke akhutshwe ngokunciphisa? Liliphi amalungelo omqeshwa omfutshane? Nguwuphi umthwalo wokulawula umbutho?

Yintoni ekunciphiseni abasebenzi?

Ukunciphisa abasebenzi kwabasebenzi kuyinkqubo yokupheliswa kwezithuba (enye okanye ezininzi), ezenziwa ngokuhambelana nomthetho wezabasebenzi. Enye yezindlela zokunciphisa inani lezithuba zabasebenzi ukucinywa kwezihlalo ezingenamntu. Itheyibhile yabasebenzi bubungqina obubalulekileyo obuxhasa ukunciphisa inani labasebenzi. Ukuba akukho nxaxheba kwintlangano, ngoko umvuzo okanye uluhlu lwabasebenzi lunokuthi lusebenze njengomqulu wokuqinisekisa.

Ukunciphisa abasebenzi

Umthetho wabasebenzi baseRussia ulawula inkqubo kwaye ubeka izizathu zokunciphisa abasebenzi. Ngoko, umqeshi unako ukugxotha abasebenzi ngenxa yokunciphisa inani lezithuba zabasebenzi, ukulungiswa okanye ukucinywa kwamashishini. Kule meko, umqeshi unquma inani elifanelekileyo labasebenzi bentlangano. Ngaphantsi komthetho, umqeshi akabophekanga ukuba acinge isigqibo sokugxotha igosa lokunciphisa, kodwa ngokusemthethweni inkqubo kufuneka iqhutywe ngesiseko se-LC ye-RF (Amanqaku 82, 179, 180, 373). Ukugxotha umqeshwa wentlangano ngenxa yokunciphisa inani labasebenzi linokwenzeka kuphela xa isithuba esithathayo sichithwa.

Ukunciphisa abasebenzi abangekho mthethweni

Ngokwenza oko, kukho ukuphuculwa okungafanelekanga (okucatshulwayo) kwabasebenzi, okungekho isizathu esiyiyo. Le nkqubo ayikho mthethweni. Abaqeshi baphendukela kule ndlela xa befuna ukucima umqeshwa, kodwa akukho zizathu zenzalo. Ukuba inkqubo yokupheliswa kweemvumelwano ayenziwanga ngokungafanelekanga okanye ukuba ingaqwalaselwa, ukuncitshiswa kubonwa ngokungekho mthethweni. Amalungelo axoshwe kulo mzekelo anokukhuselwa enkundleni. Nangona kunjalo, ekusebenzeni kunzima ukugweba izenzo ezingekho mthethweni zabasebenzi.

Indlela yokuxhoma ukunciphisa

Le nkqubo inezigaba eziliqela.

1. Ukuqaliswa kwenkqubo yokunciphisa inani labasebenzi kufuneka liqinisekiswe ngokusemthethweni ngoluhlu olufanelekileyo kunye nokuvunyelwa kwetafile entsha yokusebenza. Ngelo xesha, ishedyuli entsha ivunyiwe ngaphambi kokuba inkqubo iqale. Abo baxothwayo baya kuba ngabo abo abazange bagcinwe kwitheyibhile entsha yokusebenza.
2. Isiqendu 81 seKhowudi yeMisebenzi ilawula isigaba esilandelayo senkqubo. Ubuncinane ubuncinane iinyanga ezimbini phambi komhla wokucinywa kweemvumelwano zengqesho kunye nabasebenzi, umqeshi makamele athumele isaziso esifanayo ngokubhaliweyo kwintlangano yemanyano.
3. Ubuncinane ezimbini iinyanga phambi kokuxothwa kwabasebenzi ngenxa yokunciphisa abasebenzi, umqeshi unyanzelekile ukuba axelele inkonzo yendawo yengqesho ngokubhala. Isaziso kufuneka sibandakanye isikhundla, isakhono, uqeqesho kunye nomgangatho ngamnye womqeshwa ngamnye. Inkonzo yengqesho kufuneka yaziswe malunga nokunciphisa okucwangcisiweyo kubasebenzi bequ
4. Kwiinyanga ezi-2 phambi komhla obekiwe, umqeshi makaxelele abasebenzi bakhe ngokunciphisa phantsi kwesayinitsha. Xa umqeshwa enqaba ukusayina isilumkiso, isebe labasebenzi lenza isenzo esifanelekileyo.
5. Umqeshi kufuneka anikeze abasebenzi ngabanye - izikhundla ezingenamntu kwiinkampani zabo okanye ezinye iinkampani. Ukuba kwithuba lokuthintela kwintlangano kukho izithuba, umqeshi kufanele kuqala ukuba anikele kubasebenzi abawa phantsi kokunciphisa. Ukuba kukho izikhundla kwintlangano kwiinyanga ezimbini, umphathi uyazisa ukuba abasebenzi bancitshiswa kwaye abawamkeli amatsha. Xa ukhetha izithuba, imfundo kunye nempilo yomqeshwa kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo. Ngemvume yakhe, inkqubo yokudlulisa iqalwa. Ekuqaleni, imisebenzi efana nayo inikwe. Ulawulo loshishino lunelungelo lokugxotha umqeshwa kwaye ngaphandle kwesixwayiso kwisivumelwano sokuqala samaqela, esenziwe ngokubhaliweyo. Kule meko, iqela elenzakalisiweyo lihlawulwa ngokuhlawulwa kwemali eyongezelelweyo, isixa esingagqithwanga ngumthetho kwaye sincike kuphela kwilungiselelo kwindawo.
6. Inkqubo yolawulo lwenkampani umyalelo wokugxotha abasebenzi, obonisa umhla kunye nesizathu sokupheliswa kwekhontrakthi yengqesho. Abasebenzi baqhelana naye ngokusayina. Ukuba umqeshwa wenqaba ukusayina umyalelo, isenzo esifanele senziwe.
7. Abasebenzi abaxothwayo ngomhla wokugqibela womsebenzi wokusebenza, bakhuphe irekhodi lomsebenzi kunye nokungena okuhambelanayo. Xa ukugxothwa kwabasebenzi abangamalungu omanyano, kufuneka ukuba ithathelwe ingqalelo imbono ekhuthazayo yalo mbutho (Isiqendu 81 se-RF Code Lab Labasebenzi, kunye ne-82 ne-373). Ukuxothwa kwabantu abangadluli kwe-18 kuvunyelwe ngemvume yoMhloli woLuntu weSizwe kunye neKhomishoni yokuKhuselwa kwamaLungelo eMancinci.

Ngubani ongenakukhutshwa

Kwimithetho yomsebenzi waseRashiya kunoluhlu lwabaqeshwa abangenakugxothwa ngokunciphisa abasebenzi. Ngubani ongeke akhutshwe?

• Abafazi nabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emithathu ubudala.
• Abasetyhini abasemva kwekhefu lomzali (iTC RF, ama-256 amanqaku).
• Oomama abangabodwa kunye nabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-14 ubudala (ukuba umntwana okhubazekileyo ungaphantsi kwe-18).
• Abantu abavelisa abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-14 ngaphandle komama (ukuba umntwana okhubazekile ungaphantsi kwe-18, i-Article 261 ye-Code Code yabasebenzi baseRashiya Federation).
• Abasebenzi bemibutho kwikhefu okanye kwikhefu lokugula.
• Abancinci ngaphandle kwemvume yoMhloli woMbutho wezeMisebenzi.

Kwakhona, ngokwemigaqo yeZenzo zabasebenzi baseRashiya (ama-256 amanqaku), ikhefu lomzali linokunikezwa de kube umntwana afinyelele kwiminyaka eyi-3 ngokucela komama. Indawo yokusebenzela kunye nesimo kule nkcazo igcinwe kulo mfazi.

Ngaba umfazi okhulelweyo unokugxothwa ngenxa yokunciphisa? Ukuxothwa okunjalo kubonwa ngokungekho mthethweni. Njengoko kuchazwe kwiSiqendu 261 se-LC RF, ukuxothwa kuvunyelwe kuphela xa umbutho uhlawuleka.

Okukuphela kwimeko apho ukunciphisa kwenzeka ngexesha lokucinywa kwamashishini.

Ngubani o luncedo?

Ukongeza kwoluhlu lwabantu abangenako ukuxothwa ekunciphiseni abasebenzi, iKhowudi yeMisebenzi nayo inengcamango yokuba "ilungelo elingaphambi kweempembelelo". Ngokutsho kwinqaku le-179 ye-TC, eli lungelo linika abasebenzi beemibutho ithuba lokugcina indawo yokusebenzela ngokunciphisa abasebenzi, kuxhomekeke kumgangatho wemisebenzi yabo yomsebenzi okanye izizathu zentlalo. Aba basebenzi baxoshwa ekugqibeleni.

Ilungelo eliphambi kweempembelelo lilawulwa ngabasebenzi abanqanaba eliphezulu lemfundo kunye nemveliso yabasebenzi. Amava omsebenzi kunye nemfundo nazo ziqwalaselwa. Umgangatho kufuneka uxhaswe ngamaxwebhu ekugqityweni kwamaziko emfundo, izatifikethi zokuphakamisa izinga lemfundo, izicatshulwa ezivela kwiiprogram zeekomishoni ekunikezeni isigaba okanye ibanga, njl. Ukuvavanya izinga lemfundo yabasebenzi, ulawulo lwezoshishino lunokuqhuba ubungqinisiso, kubandakanywa nokungaphunyezwa. Nangona kunjalo, umyalelo wokuqhuba olo vavanyo kufuneka luboniswe kumaphepha angaphakathi ombutho. Ukuba bonke abasebenzi banamabanga afanayo kunye nemveliso yomsebenzi, intloko ithatha isigqibo sokuxothwa kunye nentlangano yabasebenzi.

Ilungelo eliphambi kokubambisa ukulondoloza indawo yomsebenzi liyakuthandwa ngabaqeshwa:

• Iqulethwe ngabaxhomeli ababini okanye ngaphezulu (iimeko zeentsapho).
• Ngubani ogcina ulondoloze intsapho yakhe (akukho nenye imvelaphi yengeniso ngaphandle komvuzo walo msebenzi).
• Ukungasebenzi okanye izifo zomsebenzi ezifunyenwe ngumqeshi owenza ukunciphisa ixesha lokusebenza kwezibophezelo zabasebenzi.
• Imfazwe ekhubazekileyo.
• Ukuphakamisa iziqinisekiso ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwinkqubo yezabasebenzi kwindlela yokulawula.

Isivumelwano esihlangeneyo sinokuseka ezinye iindidi zabasebenzi abanelungelo lokuqala lokugcina indawo yomsebenzi.

Iimpawu zokuxothwa ukunciphisa umhlalaphantsi

Ngokuqhelekileyo kwimibutho yaseRashiya isebenza kunye nabantu abaye bafikelela kwiminyaka yobudala. Nangona kunjalo, iminyaka ayikho isizathu sokunciphisa kokuqala. I-Article 179 ye-TC ithi iminyaka ingaba yinzuzo yomqeshwa, kuba ingaba ngumqondiso wezakhono eziphezulu kunye nemveliso.

Isiqendu 178 seKhowudi yeMisebenzi ithi zonke iziqinisekiso kunye neentlawulo kufuneka zinikezelwe kumhlala-phantsi xa zixothwa ngokunciphisa. Ezinye iinguqulelo zalo mithetho-mthetho ziphikisana nemigaqo yokulingana kwamalungelo abasebenzi kunye nokungabikho kocalucalulo kwilizwe lomsebenzi.

Iintlawulo zalabo abaye baxoshwa kwi-redundancy

Ngokutsho kwinqaku le-140 ye-Code of Labor of the Russian Federation, ekupheliseni ubudlelwane bomsebenzi kunye nomqeshwa, ulawulo lombutho kufuneka lulungise i-akhawunti kunye nokuhlawula yonke imali. Iintlawulo kufuneka zenziwe emva kokuba umqeshwa athumele isicelo esifanelekileyo ngaphandle komhla olandelayo.

Ukuba umqeshwa unqatshelwe ukunciphisa abasebenzi, uyaqiniseka ukuba ufumana ukuhlawula okukhethiweyo, ubungakanani bawo obulinganayo nomvuzo omyinge ngenyanga. Kwiinyanga ezimbini umqeshwa uhlawulwa ukuhlawula ikhefu ngexesha lokufumana umsebenzi ofanelekileyo. Le ntlawulo ingenziwa kwinyanga yesithathu ukuba umqeshwa oxothwayo usetyenziswe kwinkonzo yengqesho ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezi-14 emva kokupheliswa kwekhontrakthi yengqesho kwaye akafumani umsebenzi ofanelekileyo.

Ukuhlawulwa okongeziweyo kuhlawulelwa kubaqeshwa abaye bancitshiswa ngaphandle kwesixwayiso kunye ngokubonisana nomqeshi. Inani lemali yokuhlawula lichongiwe ngumlinganiselo wemivuzo yemyinge yemyinge yemali ibalwa ngokumalunga nexesha elisele ngaphambi kokuphela kwexesha lokuxwayisa malunga nokunciphisa. Abapensheni, njengoko sele bekhankanywe ngasentla, bahlawulelwa yonke imbuyekezo, kunye nabasebenzi abaqhelekileyo. Intloko, iinqununu zakhe, i-akhawunti ye-accountant zihlawulwa ngokumalunga nemali engaphantsi kwemivuzo emithathu yenyanga.

Ukongeza, abasebenzi abagxothwa ngenxa yokunciphisa inani labasebenzi, bahlawulelwa iintsuku ezisebenzayo kwinyanga ekhoyo kunye nembuyekezo yeentsuku zeholide ezingasetyenziswanga.

Isixa sokuhlawula umvuzo singasilwa. Kule meko, intlangano ihlawula isahlulo esingenakuhlawulwa semali kumqeshwa. Inxalenye esele ihlawulwa ngokwemvumelwano yesivumelwano phakathi komqeshwa kunye nolawulo okanye isigqibo senkundla.

Ngenye indlela

Enye indlela yokuxothwa kwabasebenzi ekunciphiseni ukupheliswa kobudlelwane bomsebenzi ngokwemvumelwano yamaqela. Oku kunenzuzo enkulu kumqeshi, ekubeni ukhululekile ekuhlawulelweni kwembuyekezo eyongezelelweyo kunye nokuhlawula umvuzo, ukunciphisa amathuba okubhenela inkundla, akukho sidingo sokulumkisa umanyano, inkonzo yengqesho. Ukongeza, uluhlu lwabo abanako ukuxothwa ngokunciphisa abasebenzi, le nkqubo ayisebenzisi.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, abaqeshi baphoqele abasebenzi babo ukuba bashiye ukuthanda kwabo. Ngaloo ndlela, umqeshwa unyanzelekile ukuhlawula kunye nokuhlawulelwa, okuxhomekeke kuye ekunciphiseni.

Uxanduva lomqeshi

Abaqeshi banembopheleleko yokuphula imithetho yenkqubo yokugxotha abasebenzi ngokunciphisa inani labasebenzi. Ukuba ukuhlawulwa kwexesha lokuhlawula liphulwa, ngokubhekiselele kwinqaku 236 yomthetho wezabasebenzi, umqeshi kufuneka ahlawule, ngaphezu kweyonke imali ngenxa yomqeshwa, inzala eyenza okungenani enye izinga le-refinancing ye-Central Bank yaseRashiya ngosuku ngalunye lokulibaziseka. Izigwebo ezifanayo zisebenza kubaqeshi xa kuthengiswa ukuhlawula umvuzo. Ukuba umqeshi akafezekanga uxanduva lokubonelela izikhundla ezingenamntu kubasebenzi abaxoshiwe, oku kumsongela ngenkokhelo ye-5050 ngamaxesha omvuzo omncinci ngokubhekiselele kwiSiqendu 5.27 seKhowudi yoLawulo.

Yintoni ongayenza xa usika

Ukuba uthe wagxothwa ngokunciphisa, kufuneka uyenze ntoni? Unokufaka izicelo kwiimeko ezininzi. Ukuqala, ungathumela isicelo esibhaliweyo kwintlangano yenyunyana yabasebenzi. Imanyano kufuneka iphendule kwisikhalazo kwisonto. Isigqibo ngokugxothwa okungafanelekanga ukuncitshiswa kunokuqwalaselwa yi-Federal Labor Inspectorate kunye ne-Ofisi yoMtshutshisi. Ukuba i-union union kunye ne-inspectorate yabasebenzi ayibonakalisanga nawuphi na ukuphulwa kwenkqubo, unokufaka ifowuni. Oku kungenziwa kwimihla engama-90 ukususela kumzuzwana umqeshwa afundile ngokuphula amalungelo akhe emisebenzi. Ukuba umqeshwa ochithwe phantsi unqume ukukhawuleza ukupheliswa kwekhontrakthi yengqesho, ibango kufuneka lifakwe zingakapheli iintsuku ezingama-30 ukukhutshwa kwerekhodi yomsebenzi okanye ikopi yoluhlu olufanelekileyo. Abasebenzi abaye baxoshwa ngokungekho mthethweni abayihlawula imisebenzi kunye nezinye iindleko zomthetho. Xa beqaphela ukuxothwa kokunciphisa ukungalunganga, umqeshwa ubuyiselwa kwindawo yangaphambili yomsebenzi ngumzimba ogunyazisiweyo wokusingatha ingxabano yabasebenzi. Umqeshwa kulo mzekelo, uhlawulela umvuzo omyinge wexesha lokungabikho kwamanyanzeliso okanye ukungafani kwithuba lokusebenza komsebenzi ophantsi, kunye nomonakalo wokuziphatha.

Ukuxothwa ngenxa yokunciphisa inani labasebenzi kwimibutho kunokuchaphazela wonke umntu. Ngako oko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi uluhlu lwabo abangenakugxothwa ekunciphiseni abasebenzi kunye nabanelungelo lokuqala lokugcina indawo yomsebenzi. Le miba ilawulwa ngokupheleleyo ngumthetho waseRashiya wemisebenzi. Isigqibo somqeshi ekuxothweni kokunciphisa inokuthi inselele enkundleni, kwaye xa ufaka isicelo kumanyano, umtshutshisi, i-Federal Inspectorate yaseBasebenzi. Umthetho waseburashi waseRashiya ulawula amalungelo omntu oye waxoshwa kwilizwe. Xa kwenzeka ubunzima, kufuneka ufune uncedo lommeli osebenzayo.