Ngantoni njengenxalenye kwintetho. Iyintoni na intsingiselo izalathandawo ulwimi Russian?

Ukuqwalasela isiza- njengoko inxalenye intetho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba lona igama umsebenzi. Siveza ukuzalana izibizo okanye izimelabizo kwezinye amagama kwizivakalisi okanye ibinzana.

Kutheni ufuna izaba?

Kusenokubonakala ngathi izalathandawo ukulunga ngaphandle umongo uthi nto, ngokupheleleyo akukho mfuneko ukuba ugocagocwe. Nakuba kunjalo, kufuneka uzame ukususa le ngxoxo la mazwi ezincinane ezifana ngokwaphula utayi kwisivakalisi. Ibinzana niwe nje njengengonyama amaso kwi ngomsonto lakrazuka kumacandelo ngamnye! Kwaye ngokubanga ukuba izalathandawo musa naluphi na ulwazi, ubuncinane etyeni. Umzekelo, esi sigwebo "Isibhedlele ibhulorho ..." Ngaphandle koku iindawo ezingezizo ezizimeleyo yokuthetha ngokupheleleyo lungazaliyo ulwazi. Emva basis esibhedlele ngenxa yolwazi olungaphelelanga ezifunyenwe ngenxa yokungabikho isimelabizo kuba mhlawumbi phantsi kwebhulorho, yaye ibhulorho. Ngoko ke, ingakumbi ukuba ibhulorho mkhulu kakhulu, le ebonisa engaphelelanga enze dlel. Kwaye isizathu sokuba yesiphoso bekuya kuba ukuba isindululo a izaba. Yiyiphi inxalenye yokuthetha wongeza informativeness ngakumbi zentetho, inika amagama ikhonkco kwisivakalisi? Sele kwisikolo samabanga abafundi Ndiyayazi impendulo yalo mbuzo. Le izaba. Njengenxalenye yale ntetho, engenguye ozimeleyo, kodwa ngaphandle kuyo, isenzi ayikwazi ukudityaniswa izibizo nezimelabizo kwezinye iimeko.

Unxibelelwano kwamagama kwisivakalisi

Izibizo kunye nezimelabizo, apho ibhaxa ezinqinileyo. Ngantoni njengenxalenye abangabancedani sentetho yinxalenye mbuzo, leyo icwangcisa uhlobo lonxibelelwano phakathi kwamagama. Umzekelo, kwisivakalisi "Nicholas bahamba bayakuloba intlanzi phezu komlambo," watsho njalo ubudlelwane phakathi isenzi "Ukuloba" kunye isibizo "phezu komlambo." Umdibaniso phakathi kwabo kubalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: lokuloba (? Apho) Ngomhla umlambo okanye ukuloba (oko?) On emlanjeni. Kwaye kwisivakalisi "Le neentlanzi agobe itanki" kunye mbuzo, ungakwazi ukufaka isakhiwo ulandelayo: elisongiweyo (phi?) Xa itanki okanye isongiwe (yintoni?) Xa itanki. Ngokubona isivakalisi, isimelabizo libhekisela isibizo. Yaye yinxalenye yengxaki, elinikwa secondary iindawo yesivakalisi. Ngenxa yoko, benyhwalaza njengenxalenye abangabancedani intetho akakwazi ukwenza njengelungu le-sipho neziphakamiso kuyo ayikwazi ukubuza umbuzo, awusetyenziselwa ngokwahlukeneyo isibizo okanye isimelabizo.

ubudlelwane Spatial, ezithi zibonise izalathandawo

Kwimeko nganye uxhulumaniso phakathi kwala magama enikiweyo ngokutshintsha iifom zamagama. Wonke ityala bunini ukulawula izalathandawo ezithile. Imizekelo: isebenza kwi kwingoma, ukubaleka ecaleni kwingoma. Oko kukuthi, ukuba gama lisetyenziswa kwimeko instrumental, inxalenye esetyenziswa abangabancedani yokuthetha "kunye", "ngaphantsi", "phezulu", "okulandelayo", kunye nabanye. Kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, izalathandawo ixabiso ezahlukeneyo. Kukho ubudlelwane komhlaba lwesemantiki phakathi iziqalelo ze kwisivakalisi esithi: ". Le Umntwana oyintombazana ngovuyo inxaxheba kwi bar" Eqamba yinxalenye umbuzo declensional ababandakanyekayo (oko?) Xa bar, apho isimelabizo "ukuba" kuyinto kakhulu umbuzo declensional. Nangona kunokwenzeka ukuba kungafundiswa le kuyilo ngale ndlela: ngokwenza (phi?) Ku kwipali enqamlezileyo.

ubudlelwane temporal waveza bhaxa

Kwisivakalisi "Nto ezifike emva kwemini," uyakwazi ukuseka i uxhulumaniso usebenzisa umba case: Kwaba (nini?) Kwathi ngokuhlwa. Kwaye kwisivakalisi "Valentine wabuyela ekhaya ngecala emva kwentsimbi yesine" neentlobano nezenyama amiselwe umbuzo wabuya (nini?) Xa kwicala emva kwentsimbi yesine. Loo uxulumano kulawulo binzana inika izaba. Self yinxalenye intetho - isibizo "isiqingatha" - kule meko zingasetyenziswa kunye elithi "a." Kodwa ukuba usebenzisa isimelabizo "malunga 'into iza kutshintsha kwaye intsingiselo le ngxelo, kwaye ityala, nto leyo eya kuba kuxhomekeke igama isenzi. Enyanisweni, ibinzana elithi "Valentine wabuyela ekhaya malunga ezidlulileyo ezine nesiqingatha" yahlukile version yokuqala. A isalathandawo "malunga" uya sisibizo genitive Izithetha ntonye endaweni, njengoko lwalo lokuqala.

Bengavumi ubudlelwane esemantiki va bhaxa

Kwisivakalisi "Kule phepha wabhala malunga umkhweli webhayisikile oselula, ebize entanjeni kuqala," suschestvet uqhagamshelwano phakathi amagama abhaliweyo (ngokuba lowo?) Of umkhweli webhayisikile. Ibinzana njengenxenye isalathandawo yokuthetha umisela phakathi kwezenzi izibizo bento ubudlelwane. Ibinzana Isenzi zincedisana ulawulo, emi kwimeko Izithetha ntonye.

Bengavumi ubudlelwane siwubona nokusetyenziswa isimelabizo "kwi" - "womdlali waba izixhobo eliqaqambileyo ngokwaneleyo." Apha uqhagamshelwano kungenxa staging sesibizo kwimeko genitive: waba (? Ngubani) komdlali. Kukho ukhetho ngokusebenzisa isimelabizo "kwi" xa icwangcisa igama yolawulo kwimeko Izithetha ntonye. Umzekelo: "La makhwenkwe yintsini kakhulu phezu equngquluzile umhlobo eludakeni." Kule ngobuwena, ubudlelwane into zifumaneka ibinzana yintsini (at ntoni?) Kule yokuba iingangamsha zibhuqiwe. Apha, njengoko into ayikho sisibizo, asibubudlelane na iyavumelana kwaye ayikho ilifa amagama ichaziwe. Oku kunokubonwa ekusetyenzisweni kwale uhlobo lolwalamano yesemantiki isimelabizo "ka". Umzekelo, oku kuboniswa yi ibinzana elithi "Abahamba aqeshwa kubantwana abahlala kwisithili yesihlanu," nto leyo ebonisa ukuba onjalo uqhagamshelwano kwi slovochetanii baqashwa (kubani?) Koonyana.

Ubudlelwane lwesemantiki ngendlela, wavakalisa eqamba

Ukuqwalasela isivakalisi "La makhwenkwe ndandikuthanda ukubukela inkamela", unako ukuseka uqhagamshelwano phakathi isivisa kunye ngumphelelisi. Kuya kukhangela ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: waphawula (? Njani) Mazangwa okanye yabonakala ukuzonwabisa (ethile ingqiqo?). Meaning izalathandawo ngamabinzana eziphakamileyo, exhomekeke isenzi igama wolawulo uyakwazi kuphela xa isibizo sihlangulwe kwimeko efunekayo.

ubudlelwane modus operandi babonakale xa usebenzisa ezinye pretexts.

ubudlelwane kobude esemantiki wavakalisa bhaxa

Kwisivakalisi "Ngenxa yothando izilwanyana Tanya lahlela ukuba imizi kungoku nje ndawo, apho Guinea iihagu wawuhlala siphila 'isenzi" amalungiselelo "isibizo elilawulayo' ngenxa yothando." unxibelelwano Management lusekiwe ngoncedo mba Kwaye sijongeka njengoku (yintoni?): abaqalise (nto leyo esisizathu sokuba kutheni?) Ngenxa yothando.

kujongwe ngoncedo isimelabizo "ka" neentlobano kobude esemantiki. Umzekelo, kwisivakalisi "Umvundla ndiyagubha" kwi binzana wangcangcazela (ukusuka ntoni? Kutheni?) Yoyikani nokuma lesibizo kwimeko genitive. Kusenokubakho ubudlelwane kobude, kwaye ngokusebenzisa inxalenye yenkonzo yokuthetha "nini." Umzekelo, kwisivakalisi "Xa tikaka mafutha kufuneka isetyenziswe ekhethekileyo" ngokunxulumene usebenzise (kutheni?) Xa ubudlelwane yokutsha lusekiwe yi isimelabizo "kwi". Amaninzi elilawulwa igama glaglom ukhonza iimeko. ngamanye amaxesha ubudlelwane kobude lusekiwe ngokusebenzisa isimelabizo "ka". Umzekelo: "Mna wayengekho emsebenzini ngenxa yokugula." Apha kukho ulawulo uqhagamshelo kwi binzana zange (kutheni?) Ngenxa ebonisa ubudlelwane kobude.

Nokucetyiweyo ubudlelwane esemantiki va bhaxa

Kwisivakalisi "UNatalia, ngenxa yenkolelo yakhe wayenza floriculture, 'isenzi' athathe" isibizo elilawulayo 'for fun "kunye umbuzo (kutheni? Kutheni?). Phakathi la mazwi likubekile kusini na elijolise ubudlelwane kwisemantiki.

Loo ubudlelwane inokulandwa kwityala ukusetyenziswa kunye nezinye pretexts, ezifana nezo zenzo "ne". Umzekelo oku ingaba isivakalisi: "Victoria wathenga laptop ngenjongo yokuba uyisebenzise umsebenzi" - apho Umlinganiselo ekujoliswe ngokweentlanga kufumaniseka ukuba aba lolu bathenga kabini ngenjongo kwaye usebenzise (ntoni njani?) Ukuze asebenze (ntoni ntoni?). Kwimeko yokuqala, uqhagamshelwano ulawulo ixhomekeke ngokusebenzisa isimelabizo 'kunye' kwaye ngobuwena yesibini langoku sele kuxoxwe nge "ukuba".

izalathandawo nesimo nezakhi

Imvelaphi la magama umsebenzi Wazityanda zibe ngamaqela amabini amakhulu. izalathandawo Non-esukela zezo engazanga lizale kwezinye izigaba zentetho. Aba kuyo, e, e, phezulu, hayi, phakathi, ngasemva, ngaphezulu, ngezantsi, kunye nabanye. Ahlobene lube ngenxa Incedisa iindawo ezizimeleyo yokuthetha izalathandawo. Baye wabumba izihlomelo, ento kunye izibizo.

1. Yaziwa, umzekelo, avela ezinjalo izalathandawo ngolwimi Russian, njengokuba kunjalo, ngaphandle ingqalelo esebenzisa, ngenxa yoko. Bavela ngokuthi nokusebenzisa yinxalenye eyahlukileyo sentetho kwisibizo.
2. Otnarechnymi izalathandawo la ke amazwi wabonakala phezu iilwimi. Ngokomzekelo, lawo amazwi emva, ecaleni, yi, kufutshane, kude, kumkhawulela.
3. Xa isenza i ento e izalathandawo ezifana zamadoda, ukususela, nangona, kamva, kamva.

Nje sisingxengxezo - ukwahlulwa ukwakhiwa kwawo

Ezahlulwe sisithuba ngabameli inxalenye esemthethweni intetho ibe ngamaqela amabini ngokusekelwe kwinani lamalungu amazwi akhe. Umzekelo, ukukhululwa nje izaba, kuqulethe igama elinye: phakathi, e, e, waphuma, ngaphantsi, ngeenxa zonke. Imizekelo yokusebenzisa zingasebenza amacebiso:

1. Khula kwiifama iingwenya ezikhethekileyo.
2. Kwezi ezirhubuluzayo ngoko ukwenza intlala iibhegi, imixwayo, izihlangu.

Kwimeko yokuqala, uqhagamshelwano ulawulo umkhondo kwi ibinzana akhulise (phi? Ku yintoni?) Kwiifama ngoncedo isimelabizo "ukuba". Phakathi kwamagama kukho ubudlelwane lomhlaba. Kulo version yesibini, ungabona isenzi wolawulo - Ifom lesibizo esiyintloko umthendeleko wenze (kubani?) Kubo ezirhubuluzayo yi isimelabizo "ka". Ezi nobuhlobo kwachazwa ngokuthi into.

izalathandawo complex

izalathandawo Complex kuqulatha amagama amabini okanye amathathu. Ngokomzekelo, abo baya kuba ngokunxulumene nabo, nangona, ngokwahlukileyo kwezinye. Imizekelo ukusebenzisa kwabo;

1. Nangona ukungaphumeleli kwamehlo, uNatalia waqhubeka ukuhlala ebusuku zokutshekisha zokubhalela.
2. Ngokunxulumene kokufika mahlanu anesihlanu UMariya waya esixekweni ngenjongo yobhaliso ye pension.
3. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, akabanga iintombi zizityebi zabarhwebi Malakhov, Nastasya akukho ikhazi, akukho elizayo.

Ngaloo ndlela, sinokugqiba kwelokuba izaba njengenxalenye intetho ayinako ingasetyenziswa ngaphandle amanye amagama - izibizo, participles, izichazi. nabo azikwazi kubakho isivakalisi, abanako ukubuza umbuzo. Noko ke, ekubeni yinxenye esemthethweni yokuthetha, izalathandawo ukudlala benikela indima ebalulekileyo.