Ngaba uyazi ukuba yintoni truffle?

Le mushroom emangalisayo weva abaninzi. Siyazi ukuba lo ngundo ikhula ethile phantsi emhlabeni, ngaphandle koncedo abancedisi abane-inemilenze (iihagu okanye izinja) kuba nzima ukufumana. Mhlawumbi olu lwazi lwethu iphela. Kanti yintoni truffle? Yintoni na uhlobo? Yintoni na olungileyo kangaka?

A bit kolwazi malunga athom

Athom kuba sodidi lwe marsupials amakhowa, ukuba imizimba ezinabileyo fruiting komhlaba. Nezihlobo abakhulu athom ezi morels.

Athom ngokuqhelekileyo zifumaneka emahlathini ezinamagqabi avuthulukayo. Mycelium truffle (mycelium) wakha kunye Iingcambu zezityalo, apho ubukhula, umbutho ozinzileyo macala ngokuba mycorrhizal. Xa iyonke kukho iintlobo asithoba athom, ezimila kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ehlabathini, iintlobo ngamnye ukhetha uhlobo kweenkuni. Ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa athom, amakhowa namabhunga fruiting efanayo, leyo kudliwe, kodwa ziyaziswa asezantsi kakhulu into yokwenene. Kukwakho ngobubi abantu kuzijonga truffle - deer ezitya nezamaxhamakazi, ezinye namabuzi.

Ngendlela, umntu akakwazi ukufumana indawo apho kukho truffle. Mushroom (nto leyo ke eyandisa uju ehlathini, ngaba sizimisele izilwanyana kuphela) abe livumba ethile. Ngokuqhelekileyo le njongo ziquka izinja abaqeqeshwe ngokukodwa kunye neehagu.

Ngelo ifuze ukungcamla athom? Njani na iyahluka ukusuka mushroom kwesiqhelo? Le truffle na incasa engaqhelekanga kunye nemvakalo. Oku kufana zombini imbewu kajongilanga olunzulu-nowento ekroqiweyo, walnuts, namaqunube, moss, amagqabi iwile - yiloo nto lo truffle. Amanzi, apho ufuna ukubeka phezu ngoxa truffle uba efana soy sauce.

Njengoko ababhali-mbali bathi, oko kukuthi truffle nemveliso yawo, badle, oko kwazeka kuwo onke Sumerians amandulo. E Greece yamandulo naseRoma yamandulo, le ngundo kubangelwa iipropati amayeza, kwaye kweyezazi zamaxesha aphakathi noosiyazi, oko kusetyenziswa iinjongo nobugqwirha. Kodwa ukuthandwa omkhulu bamkela ebudeni bolawulo uLouis XIV. Kwakhona ku Russia athom Siye bafika emva kokuba 1812 Patriotic War of

Iintlobo athom ezikhulayo eYurophu

EYurophu, kukho ezi ntlobo zilandelayo athom:

• Summer (ekwabizwa ngokuba Russian omnyama) truffle. Kuye umbala ezinabileyo okanye ajikelezayo umzimba iziqhamo brown-emnyama okanye eblowu-emnyama. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukhula phantsi iingcambu ezinde, um-oki, hornbeam, beech. Yasasazwa phantse kulo lonke elaseYurophu ukuya yaseScandinavia (kubandakanywa e-Russian). Akuzange ezixabisekileyo nezinye iintlobo athom, kodwa ingqalelo uju.
• truffle Winter. iqokobhe layo (peridium) ezihlawulelwayo kwiziseko polygonal okanye ndlala. Umngundo sayingqombela-bubomvu okanye lube mnyama. Oku kwenzeka ubukhulu becala eItali, France kunye neSwitzerland. Ivumba kusikhumbuza must.
• truffle Italian. Ngaphandle nje kwegama layo, kuba nalo liyafumaneka France kunye namanye amazwe aseYurophu. Thelo zipeyintwe imbola ekukhanyeni okanye umbala sinombala. It has a ivumba elithozamisayo okuneziqholo, yaye incasa ngathi negalika sisi. Isikakhulu asetyenziswe uhlobo ekrwada.
• Black (eyaziwa ngokuba kummandla Perigord onembali French) truffle. Mushroom, ixabiso apho 1000 € kilogram ngamnye, uye umbala ukusuka sayingqombela brown ukuya abamnyama purple. Ezisebenzisekayo njengoko ulidle yokutya okungaphekwanga njenge isinongo.

Phela, athom zikhuliswa, nangona kangangoko, umzekelo, amakhowa. Nokuba kwinkulungwane XIX kwaqatshelwa ukuba umhlaba ukuze ukutyala imbewu kunye oki athom bekhula phantsi apho, ibe nayo okuluncuthu mushroom liya kukhula phantsi esineengcambu zomthi entsha. E France, apho bayazi kakuhle kakhulu into truffle, kanye le mithi uzilime 750 km ^2, ngalo kwenzeka ukuba kuvunwe 1000 iitoni ezi okuluncuthu. Ngelishwa, le nkqubo inde kakhulu. Lufuna kwiminyaka emalunga nama-30 ukuze ufumane isityalo ngokupheleleyo, kwaye imali eqokelelwe athom uyawa kabukhali.