NeRhafu Federalism and model zalo ezisisiseko

federalism Fiscal - inkqubo kubonisa ukusebenza elizenzekelayo-mali (eziphezu kwamanye amanqanaba) kuzo zonke izigaba zenkqubo mali. Oku kusekelwe kwimigaqo ethile, ngaba phakathi kwawo:

1. mali isikhundla Yahlula kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngamnye kubo ubonelela sasekunene samandla, ukulawula yayo umthombo wengeniso. Ukongeza, le meko iquka indlela yokusetyenziswa elizimeleyo le mithombo.

2. Ukuthobela izibonelelo zemali eziye amagunya ukuba enze lo msebenzi.

3. Ilungelo lulungisa iindleko, leyo efunisa ukuba izigqibo ezithathwe-mandla eziphezulu kunye nabasemagunyeni.

4. Ukwahlulwa uxanduva lwemali karhulumente kunye negunya neenkcitho kwinqanaba yowiso-mthetho, nto leyo yenziweyo onke amagunya.

Fiscal Federalism eRashiya ngenxa yokuba ilizwe ohlala intsimi enkulu, kwakunye nezinye izinto awohluke ezahlukeneyo kwimbali yesizwe yophuhliso kwimimandla ngamnye, ufuna ukuphuculwa modeli yayo.

Yona imodeli, siphawula ukuba ifomu yalo efanelekileyo, okufanelekileyo kuwo onke neemanyano, nje ayikho. yonke Ingongoma kukuba uphuhliso kwilizwe ngalinye iphenjelelwa yimiba zembali, ezoqoqosho, zesizwe kunye nezopolitiko.

Noko ke, inkcazelo yemodeli ifanelekileyo federalism mali isekhona. Ihlala into yokuba imali amagunya ingeniso ubephethwe abalawulwa Federation, kufuneka ibe luxanduva elinganayo iindleko ezo imiselwe kwinqanaba elithile amandla. Nangona kunjalo, xa sicinga ukuphunyezwa anomsebenzi wezandla ezi mfuno, kucacile ukuba phakathi kwabo kukho kusoloko kukho umsantsa omkhulu, nto leyo wambu ngokusebenzisa imithombo yengeniso ezikhoyo kwi kulahlwe lwabiwo-mali, zibekwe kwinqanaba eliphezulu.

federalism Fiscal kunokuba nemveliso xa ukusasazwa ngokusemthethweni amagunya wabulawa kakuhle, kunokwenzeka kuxhomekeka ekuthotyelweni miba mithathu:

1. Ukwahlulwa amagunya yengeniso.

2. Le kwemida kwegunya yenkcitho.

3. mali nokuHambelanisa.

inkqubo Budget inakho ngokuthe nkqo okanye tye ngesikali. Umgaqo wesibini kunokwenzeka xa isixa-mali sengeniso kwanele ukuba engundoqo umsebenzi lwabiwo-mali. Oko kukuthi, kukho ingqiqo yokulingana phakathi amagunya kwenkcitho kunye nengeniso. Omnye yemiqathango ezibalulekileyo nkqo inkqubo Balanced na isabelo ecacileyo loxanduva phakathi abasemagunyeni.

Malunga tyaba, oko lubonakala ngokuba inkcitho ukuthotyelwa jikelele kunye namalungu yengeniso.

federalism Fiscal ke ubukho imifuziselo emibini esisiseko eyile:

1. I zokwabela abaphantsi amagunya. Lubonakala yinyaniso yokuba abasemagunyeni zengingqi babe kumgangatho ophezulu okuzimela mali kwinqanaba ngalinye yenkqubo mali linoxanduva iirhafu ezithile, urhulumente kazwelonke akukho ulawulo phezu mandla zengingqi. Kuba le modeli linophawu kuphuhliso ezibuthathaka ngokulinganiswa kwezemali kunye nokususwa uxanduva kwinkqubo usembindini iqembu elibusayo kuba namatyala oorhulumente beenqila kunye nokungabikho mali zazo.

2. Le modeli nentsebenziswano kuxhaphake kwezoqoqosho kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu. Oku azakubalulwa inxaxheba ngoogunyaziwe benqila kwi nokunikezelwa kwengeniso yelizwe, ubukho iirhafu kunye inzuzo kwinqanaba ngalinye kwinkqubo mali kunye nophuhliso ezisebenza ngokutsha imali phakathi amanqanaba, oluqhutywa ngokusebenzisa nezibonelelo, iinkxaso-mali. Le modeli kusebenza kuloo States apho kukho iiyantlukwano ezithile phakathi amanqanaba ukhuseleko mali kwimimandla.