Acuity Visual - yintoni na eli yeza?

Akwenzeki ukuba zazi ukubaluleka umbono lo mntu. Ngayo, sifumana isabelo yengonyama kolwazi malunga ngezinto esingqongileyo. Izihlandlo eziliqela sijongene imfuno yokuqhuba isifundo acuity olubonakalayo, ukuqala lwabantwana abaselula ukuze sokwamkelwa enkulisa esikolweni, kwaye isixhobo lokugqibela ikhomishini zonyango umsebenzi kunye ofisi ekufumaneni okanye iphepha-mvume lokuqhuba.

Kwi-ofisi zamehlo khangela iimpawu iliso ezahlukeneyo, kuquka acuity ezibonwayo. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba visometry. Le ndlela isekelwe phezu ukusetyenziswa neetafile ezizodwa kunye iseta olunikwayo isigulane ukuqwalasela ibanga elithile. ERashiya wamisela umgangatho iimitha ezi-5. Xa amayeza, acuity olubonakalayo - ukukwazi ukubona kwaye umahluko phakathi into amabini kufuphi. Ummiselo kuxa umntu angabona ukusuka kumgama oziimitha ezininzi iingongoma ezimbini, kunye umgama phakathi kwabo 1.45 mm.

angle ezibonwayo

Oku kugqiba ubungakanani elikhangeleka ngayo izinto basondele nje, iingongoma ezimbini ezahlukeneyo hayi ezinyibilikiswe. Enye into sibonwe iliso ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kuxhomekeke kumgama: i unciphisa engile yayo ngayo ukunyuka, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ubungakanani bomfanekiso kwiretina. Oku kuya kukuxelela zamehlo. Enkhubyeni wa vukati, wena uya kubanjwa inkcazo acuity olubonakalayo. Yonke idatha ziya kubhalwa kwingxelo zonyango.

Kabukhali imisela engile omncinane ngayo apho mhlawumbi nangoku usondele kwezinye ingongoma nganye umbono ngokwahlukeneyo. Le nkcazo yengxinano kwabonakala kwiminyaka 200 eyadlulayo. Oku kusetyenziswa amayeza namhlanje ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Ngokusekelwe izigqibo ukutsalwa ISAZINZULU IsiNgesi uRobert Hooke, itafile zamehlo German Snellen yasungulwa. Doctor of norm komzimba kufanekisela umbono 100%, wamkela imbono engile elingana isidanga nye.

itheyibhile Snellen iqulathe imigca 11. Ngentla unobumba omkhulu enkulu emgceni phantsi kwezinye liyancipha ubukhulu. iimviwo Eye eyenziwa kumgama oziimitha ezi-6. kabukhali kubalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: inani iinyawo noonobumba - na inani elingezantsi, nenani - komgama ithathwa oyena mntu ukuba abe nako ukufunda abalinganiswa.

iimviwo Iso Sivtsev

Ngamnye kuthi ukhumbula itafile Sivtseva kwi-ofisi zamehlo, esiza kusetyenziswa ngoogqirha Russian. Esi sixhobo elula usathandwa kakhulu. Table Sivtseva - kweelayini 12 iincwadi ezinkulu kunye kwiteksti ngalinye lifinyele. Nomonde kwindawo yolwamkelo ubona amagama kuphela. Enyanisweni phezu kwetafile abe oonobumba inkxaso. Umzekelo, «D» ekhohlo ubonisa umgama umntu mabawuqonde umahluko ukusuka apho phakathi iimpawu. Kuba kumqolo ongezantsi ziimitha ezi-2.5 ukuba phezulu - kabini. Ekunene unobumba «V» uthi acuity ebonwayo iiyunithi ngelixa befunda iimitha ezi-5:

• ke uluhlu ebonakalayo ngezantsi - 2.0;
• ebonakalayo umqolo kuphela eliphezulu - 0.1;
• yonke line yeshumi olubonakalayo kumgama oziimitha ezi-5 - 1.0 (umbono eziqhelekileyo).

acuity Visual - ngomlinganiselo ukuba ibe ngaphezu udidi 1.2 ukuya 3.0. Phantsi ngezenzeko yezifo, ukubona, hyperopia, cataract, astigmatism, glaucoma ndikho ukuze liwele 0.4 no 0.05. Umahluko ophambili ngumgama apho umntu angabona ngokucacileyo into. Masithi, xa acuity zokubonwayo 1.0, ungabona inani imoto evela mitha-40, kunye Isalathisi se ncwadi 0.4 - 16 m, hayi ngaphezulu, kungenjalo amanani kunye oonobumba uhlanganise.

Ukuba acuity olubonakalayo zandiswe bazuze kubomi bemihla ngemihla kulo mba kancinane. Abaqhubi siyibona imiqondiso yokuqala kunye nezinye izinto, kodwa ikhono aba bantu akukho kwahluka abo umbono yesiqhelo.

Orlova Table

Isetyenziswa nokuxilonga abantwana abangakwaziyo ukufunda. Apha, endaweni oonobumba ezishicilelweyo umfanekiso. Umgaqo tyando iyafana kwetafile Sivtseva - ubungakanani umqolo kunciphisa downwardly. Ukuba umntwana ayisazi abalinganiswa ukusuka kumgama oziimitha ezi-5, acuity ezibonwayo ukuze esezantsi. Kulo mzekelo, i examinee bazise etafileni uneenyawo ezimbini, ade wothini na ukuzibiza kumqolo phezulu umfanekiso ngokuchanekileyo. imithetho yokuqinisekisa:

1. Inqanaba eliphezulu sokukhanyisa (700 spiderman).
2. Okokuqala wafunda iliso lasekunene, owesibini - ekhohlo.
3. Amehlo musa zazhmurivayutsya ufike uzifihle ngakwilitye le caba.
4. Xa imigca 1-3 iimpazamo abangamkelekiyo. imigca C 4-6 - enye impazamo. C 7-10 amabini kuvunyelwa.
5. Kwi ukubukela uphawu ohluka ingabi ngaphezu kwemizuzwana emithathu.

Lula ukuba isantya olubonakalayo acuity optotypes uncedo iiprojektha. Yobukhulu emboxo yomfuziselo iveliswa, kungakhathaliseki ukuba umgama ukuya kwekhusi kuhlala ingatshintshanga. Kubalulekile ukuba umguli kunye neyunithi kwi isisitheliso kumgama elifanayo.

Ukuze ubone acuity ebonwayo izigulane ngumlwelwe, itafile ekhethekileyo ibalwa kumgama-33 cm ukusuka iliso. Ulawulo apha iimpawu yedwa kunye itekisi amancinci ukufunda sesisa uphawu mgama apho Uphononongo lwaqhutywa.

Yintoni iliso kwaye isebenza njani?

acuity Visual - oku amehlo ukusebenzisana imangalisayo, ingqondo kunye nobuchopho. mechanism olunobuzaza entsonkothileyo lo mbandela hina, ukubonelela ukugqithiselwa, processing kunye nokutolikwa kolwazi engenayo evela organ ezibonwayo, ayiyi kufundwe kude kube ngoku. Sithetha izinto ezizodwa - ukusebenza iliso kunye isenesazela. Aye ecaleni, phezulu nasezantsi, besinika isishwankathelo esibanzi esiphezulu.

Thelekisa iliso ukusebenza ngekhamera, ukuba asetyenziswa kakhulu, oko akuyonyaniso. Ewe, i-organ ebonwayo - kwinkqubo enombala, eyenziwa ngaba, lens, umzimba kunye ukufuma inwebu vitreous. Noko ke, izixhobo ezisebenzisa ukususa ngokulula bomfanekiso umboniso, yaye abantu bathathela embetha kwi retina ulwazi kunye, eqala kule senzo.

anika umdla

Malunga banawo namehlo ulwazi oluninzi umdla ukuba ukuze wazi:

• Yonke imihla, iiyure ezili-12 xa ukuqhwanyazaemva umntu echitha imizuzu-25.
• Ukubona - isifo Japanese. abalinganiswa Kanji ndakala nzima, ngoko ukuba ufunde ixesha elide ukulungisa amehlo kumgama omfutshane. It usona uneso.
• Kubelekwa baqale blink kunye iinyanga ezintandathu ubudala.
• Wonke kwasekuzalweni amehlo aluhlaza-hina. kweminyaka emibini kuphela kamva bathengisa umbala lokwenene.
• 2% nje kuphela yabantu emhlabeni amehlo aluhlaza.
• Indlela iris iliso ebantwini, kwakunye zeminwe, wahlukile. On kunokwenzeka kwakhona ukuchonga umntu.
• Le ndoda 150 abezindaba ngekhulu ngalinye.
• Kunye amehlo akayi kubufihla ukuthimla.

Indlela elula ukukhangela ukuba ngaba acuity olubonakalayo oluqhelekileyo ukujonga isibhakabhaka ebusuku, ukuba bafumane i-Big Dipper. Ukuba handle ka-emele ecaleni inkwenkwezi avareji ibonwa omnye, ndikho encinane kangaka eqhelekileyo. Ngale ndlela, uphononongo olwenziwe yi-Arabhu amandulo.

Amalungelo acuity Visual: iimpawu

Sazi Kukangaphi ukufumana ixesha lokuba kutyelela zamehlo, xa amehlo buhlungu, singasathethi njengenyathelo lokuthintela? Noko ke, ngokuguquguquka kwenzeka ngokuthe ngcembe. Kwaye umntu awuboni ngoko nangoko ukuba acuity olubonakalayo kunciphisa.

A unyango ophumelelayo nethemba kuphela ubhaqo ngexesha engasebenzi. Yeyona ixhaphakileyo zokuphula iintlobo zezi: kude-bisayo / ukubona, astigmatism, presbyopia, yokongulwa. Iimpawu ezibonisa of acuity olubonakalayo lehle, oku kulandelayo:

1. Iza nge abathi nzima izinto ezibe zibonwa ngaphambili kakuhle. Okubalulekileyo kukuba, oko kube yinto ukubona kakhulu - abo kufuphi okanye abo bakude.
2. Uyakwazi ukubona ngokucacileyo umfanekiso phambi kwakhe kunye nokubi, ukuba ndikunqumle intloko kancinane ecaleni. Oku kubonisa ukonakala kwenxenye esemgangathweni.
3. Iintlungu, ukurhawuzelela, amazwe imvakalelo umzimba, ukoma, ukuvutha akusoloko imiqondiso yokuphazamiseka acuity ezibonwayo, kodwa Idla zizifo kakhulu iliso nithi overvoltage.

ezibangela yezifo ukuphazamiseka yophuhliso

Emehlweni - zingunobangela oqhelekileyo ehlabathini yokwehla acuity olubonakalayo. Le ukwaphulwa iyonke okanye inxenye yalo ngaphaya lens, nto leyo esemva iris kunye nomfundi. Xa kwasebuncinaneni bakhe, kungekho izifo iziphene umfundi ngaphaya ngokupheleleyo irubhrikhi, kuya iliso zonke imitha yokukhanya, kwaye nangoko igxininisa izinto ezikude nezikufuphi. Nge ubudala, ilens uba enamafu ngcembe ulahlekelwa ukukwazi ukuba izinto bagxininise kwi imigama ezahlukeneyo. Cataract - esona sizathu ngenxa apho ekuphuhliseni ongaboniyo kunye nokungaboni. Emva kweminyaka engama-40, ngamnye umntu 6 ithi esi sifo, emva 80 - nganye. Iimpawu esweni :

• ukungaboni, sinciphise acuity olubonakalayo ngcembe.
• Imbonakalo yezinto kweso.
• Ukunciphisa uthelekiso kunye nokukhanya umbala.
• Umbala Umfundi emhlophe.
• Umgama ukubonakala kwanekufuphi.
• Ukuvela malunga imithombo ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo zaqaqamba zinesangqa.

Ukuphuculwa acuity ezibonwayo ukuze enze indlela enye - ukuba aqhube umsebenzi microsurgical, ngexesha apho ilens ingqongwe kufakwa uyofaka ngumntu. Lo ngumsebenzi ekhuselekileyo, emva koko uninzi elililo zezigulane kwakhona ukufumana acuity eliphezulu ezibonwayo.

Hyperopia kanye ukubona

Ezikude (hyperopia) - ukugula umfanekiso luqokelelane emva kwiretina. Unobangela wale sifo kwi esqwini elifutshane okanye ulihlwempu amandla refracting ocular lens, leyo ayanelanga ukuba ukudala kumgama oluqhelekileyo focal.

Ukubona (ukubona) - ekudalweni into phambi kwiretina. Esi sifo zokunganyangeki yezihlunu. Kwimeko yokuqala kwandisa amandla zokunganyangeki lens okanye inwebu, elinesibini - ubude iliso. Formation ubude eyanele ebalulekile.

Astigmatism - ephula ibangwa utshintsho imilo lweliso lakho. Iba okweqanda, ngeenxa zonke ngokugqibeleleyo emehlweni yesiqhelo. Pathology ngokuqhelekileyo ikhula ngokukhula kwaye lukhatshwa ukubona okanye hyperopia. Ukuba ayenzi uqale unyango - oku kunokukhokelela ukwehla okukhulu acuity olubonakalayo okanye strabismus.

presbyopia

"Esi sifo mfutshane-ngesandla '- ngoko ke esi sifo ngelinye igama. Abantu abaninzi nokubandezeleka kulo hlobo bezityholo, emva kweminyaka engama-40. Xa presbyopia ukulahleka acuity olubonakalayo lubonakaliswa ilahleko ukubonakala yezinto ezincinane yefonti kufuphi. Kufuneka ukuba bashenxise iphephandaba, nezimfakamfele benza mgama.

Iimpawu noonobangela presbyopia

Into yokuqala ekufuneka tufwile umntu - usaba izinto ezikufutshane. Kufuneka zizame amehlo akho ukulungisa umfanekiso ndikho ngenxa yoko iphuhlisa ukudinwa iliso, intloko ebuhlungu, iliso-uhlobo. Lonke utshintsho ezinxulumene presbyopia ngenxa iinkqubo ezinxulumene kwiminyaka isakhiwo lens kunye nezihlunu intraocular.

Eyona ndlela icace kwaye olusebenzayo ukululekwa - iindondo ukufunda kunye lens ngcembe, ezisetyenziselwa kuphela xa besebenza ndawonye eduze. Surgery kwakhona kunokwenzeka, kodwa esi sisikali kakhulu, nto leyo ehambisana kunye namanye amathuba.

amblyopia

ukuphazamiseka yezifo, obizwa ngokuba 'amehlo ubuthathaka ". Ngomnye kwabathathu zonke izifo ezikhoyo ebantwaneni, ezinxulumene iziko emehlweni. It is a bagula kakhulu, nto leyo kubunzima yingozi. Isizathu ababangela ukwaphulwa enjalo acuity olubonakalayo bunokufunyanwa onesiphene okanye anomaly naso. Amblyopia kwenzeka xa ukuvuthuluka omnye okanye amehlo omabini ngexesha elinye.

Liphuhlisa ngezifo ngokufuthi ngokuchasene nentsukaphi strabismus, cataract, astigmatism, hyperopia, Ibar kwenwebu yamehlo, nystagmus. iinguqu ezinkulu kwenzeka uthinte olubonakalayo. Ulwazi ifunyenwe ngendlela egqwethekileyo, okungena iliso, uyancipha acuity ezibonwayo kwaye iindondo yalungiswa.

ezibangela Auxiliary lomonakalo olubonakalayo

Njengoko ubungozi eyongezelelweyo ekuphuhliseni iinkqubo zophendlo lwezifo ayikhuphi:

1. umsebenzi zexesha elide kwi-computer.
2. Overstrain izihlunu ocular.
3. Ngokwamanakanibe ovuthayo igumbi emsebenzini.
4. Ubukho zizinto olubonakalayo (imibala eqaqambileyo kakhulu kwaye ukukhanya onamandla, njalo njalo. D.).
5. kakubi kotywala, ukutshaya.

acuity Visual: unyango kunye nothintelo

computerization Ubunzima ngoyena nobangela uphambili iingxaki sifo disc kunye nombono sisiba mandundu. Akukho bani uya inkunkuma evela kwi khompyutha, kodwa oku akuyomfuneko. Kubalulekile ukuba babele kakuhle umthwalo phezu iso. Ophthalmologists Siyaleza ukubeka esweni ukuze vimba ukukhanya ibekwe ecaleni, enyamalala ilitha ngqo, yaye kungekho eduze kwe-50 cm ukuya kwi emehlweni.

Iindondo - a ngubo ezinamagama kuphela na isincedisi, kodwa iindlela ngokwenene wokhuseleko ekukhanyeni eqaqambileyo, ukunceda ukuba kulondolozwe umbono. Ukongeza kuthomalaliso iziyobisi, yalatha i ugqirha wamehlo uyakukumisela ekufumanekeni kwephulwa, kuyimfuneko ukuba sithathe iivithamini ngenxa amehlo: A, B, C, E. I imithambo ezizodwa, engama-15 izihlandlo ezininzi ngexesha lasemini ukusuka computer ukunceda ukugcina umbono ixesha elide.