Mountains Balkan: abalinganiswa epheleleyo

I Balkan ntaba lomqolo Stara Planina (Old Mountain) - enye iinkqubo ntaba intle eYurophu. Sifumana ukwazi iimpawu zalo ezisisiseko kunye neempawu ezikhethekileyo.

Ukuhlaziya ezintabeni Old

Stara Planina (i-Serbian kunye Bulgarian igama igama lendawo) - indlela yesibini igama Balkan Iintaba kunye ngeeBalkans, njengoko zazibizwa ngaphambili. Namhlanje, igama lokugqibela ntshunxekile ngokwabo i Balkan Peninsula. Xa zeentaba zamandulo ekuthiwa Αἶμος, isiLatini - Haemus. Ingqalelo inkqubo intaba likhulu likarhulumente Bulgarian, ukuqhubeka elisentshona apho zifumaneka kwi kummandla Serbia yanamhlanje.

Intaba lomqolo sabela Bulgaria mihla kwi eMntla naseMzantsi, ukunqumla ilizwe ukusuka entshona ukuya empuma. Ekuqaleni Balkan Iintaba wahlukana owasentla Moesia kumazantsi eMakedoni eThrace. Le zokhahlamba phambili endalo ummelwane-Southern Carpathians akwaziyo phambana kwesango yentsimbi (ukuvala emlonyeni) weDanube River ngasemdeni eRomania naseSerbia.

Baphi Ezintabeni Balkan, kucacile nangoko ukusuka igama inkqubo intaba - ukuba oko kunika igama ukuya usingasiqithi yonke apho ibekwe khona. zika eneenkcukacha: 43,2482 N, 25,0069 East. Ubude lilonke zentaba - 555 km. Mountains Balkan ukuphakama akufuneki ube ngaphezu kweemitha 2.376 - oku umda yentaba eliphezulu Botev.

Iimpawu ze-Stara Planina entabeni uluhlu

Range Balkan kwasekwa Cainozoic eziqaphelekayo, uneempawu ezininzi zahluke:

• iimpawu zejoloji: Ezintabeni Balkan - kukho ukufana omnye komnye kunye phezulu xa lwamawa egudileyo. ukwakhiwa kwawo na ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: granites Precambrian kwaye Paleozoic kunye schists kunye conglomerates Mesozoic, flysch, ilitye lekalika kunye karst.
• Inkcazelo isiqabu: kwisiqingatha kumantla kwamathambeka nonobubele thaca, leyo kusisondeza eentaba ezisezantsi weDanube ethafeni. Southern nasentshonalanga, ngokuchasene noko, emaweni kunye elide.
• iimpawu zemozulu: iintaba zisebenza uhlobo eludongeni-klimatorazdelom phakathi kwimimandla esemantla kunye esemazantsi Bulgaria. bamanqatha zabo kuqokelela ukuya ku 800-1000 mm imvula ngonyaka; kweenyanga ezimbalwa le ntaba nyaka kulala phantsi CAPS ikhephu.
• Hydrography: Ezintabeni Balkan, unako ukufumana imvelaphi nemilambo ezifana Ogosta, vít, Lom, Osam, Timok - yiyo iintloko zabo ibhedi emantla weDanube. In empumalanga Stara Planina awele Kamchia River valley, kwaye entshona - i Iskar River.
• Flora: I ezincotsheni zeentaba - kule ntaba iintlambo, amadlelo. Luphawulwa amathambeka kufumile emantla - a coniferous (amahlathi ngcu) okanye beech, um-oki, amahlathi hornbeam, ukunyuka ukuya 1700-1800 m kwimimandla esempuma zeentaba Balkan zizele ngengubo angqingqwa zehlathi avuthulukayo, evergreen understory ezahlukeneyo, uthungelwano zomdiliya ..
• Nezokukhupha minerals: amalahle lignite; ngentsimbi, ubhedu, yepeyinti zinc ores.

History kwaye babhale

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala igama Bulgarian-Serbian ye Stara Planina intaba lomqolo sabhalwa ngo-1533. Kumathambeka kumntla Balkan Mountains, abakhenkethi Ungafumana okuninzi ezikhumbuzo akwi nexesha intshukumo Bulgarian yenkululeko yesizwe. Zichaza iFreedom Monument. Kwakhona iintaba baye bafumana ikhusi labo inani yoonongendi - Kremikovsky, Sokolsky kunye nabanye.

Le imithombo izimbiwa zeentaba kwi Balkan Peninsula yaba isiseko eziliqela iiholide ezaziwayo-kakuhle intaba - Ribaritsa, Varshets, Teteven, njl Akukho intaba ngaphantsi ezithandwayo kunye Steneto National Park kunye ezinomtsalane udlula :. Shipka, Petrohan, Virbishsky, Chureksky, kwiRiphabliki Pass kunye gorge omlambo Iskar.

Western Stara Planina osisityebi karst, ekwenzeni ezi iindawo lawo efuna ukonwabela emiqolombeni emangalisayo karst: Rabisha (uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana nokupeyinta rock abangekaphuhli), Ledenika, SYEVA-dupka kunye nabanye.

Mount Botev

Ingongoma eliphezulu le Balkan Mountains Yumrukchalom ekuqaleni (in translation - ngenqindi-entabeni). kweminyaka emine (1942-1946) kuyo kwathiwa encotsheni uFerdinand imbeko kukumkani, yena wavuka waya encotsheni. Wabuya iminyaka emine ukuba ngenqindi-ntaba, ngoxa ngowe-1950 abazange ukufumana igama layo ngoku - nefani Hristo Botev, imbongi revolution kunye Bulgaria.

Isendaweni kwi Botev kwisikhululo-TV, irediyo phezulu, ogama iimpawu zifikelela 65% yommandla lo karhulumente yaseBulgaria kunye nesikhululo yemozulu, leyo ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II yathinjwa ngamaNazi waza wasebenza iinjongo zabo. Namhlanje, kule abakhenkethi yokugqibela bakhululeke ukuzifihla kwimozulu, ukuba adle. On kweendonga zayo abahambi qhoboshela umonakalo malunga ekhwela zabo.

Areas Mountains Balkan

Ngokwemveli, kukho yesithili ezintathu Stara Planina:

• East. Yeyona inxalenye tyaba, yehlukana zibe loza eyahlukeneyo, enye nto leyo isixhobo esisodwa Stara Planina. Indawo yayo - yi Cape Emine, kwindawo yempuma Balkan Iintaba.
• I-avareji. Highest, ezintle nezaziwayo Ummandla weeBalkans, eyahlukileyo kwezinye ezimbini. umda lakhe Iron Gate (Vratnik) kunye Zlatishsky badlule. Kulapha ukuba eziphezulu Botev Triglav Vejen, itywina kaSolomon (Alec) Ambaritsa (Levski).
• West. It evela kumda Serbian kwaye kudlulela kwingxingwa Zlatishskogo. Apha ungabona encotsheni Midžor.

Kwiintaba Balkan Peninsula

Ukongeza ezintabeni indala usingasiqithi zibe entabeni ilandelayo:

• Dinaric Alps - imimandla basentshona (iMontenegro, iCroatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina).
• Pindos intaba amabanga - nje kumzantsi yangaphambili (kwelaseMakedoni, Albania, Greece).
• Rila intaba - ngasentla (Bulgaria), usebenza kubo kwinqanaba eliphezulu le Balkan Peninsula - imitha-2925 incopho Musala.
• Rhodope Mountains, emazantsi owayamene kuLwandle iAegean.
• Pirin - iintaba lohlobo wasezintabeni.

Ngoko ke, i Stara Planina - ayikho inkqubo yentaba kuphela ye-Balkan Peninsula. Kodwa ke ukuba lowo wamnika igama yokugqibela, ke yena kunempembelelo enkulu kwimozulu eBulgaria.