Morpheme - yintoni na le nto? Morpheme - Imizekelo

Ngokuqinisekileyo umfundi ngamnye abajongene nale nkcazelo, njenge morpheme. Le ngcamango kakhulu ngokusondeleyo ukuya ukwakhiwa kwamagama kunye nolwazi inceda ukuzalisekisa uhlalutyo morphemic. Makhe sithethe malunga nokuba yintoni. Sizakuqonda kwaye kwakhona into yokuba uhlalutyo morphemic enjalo.

Yintoni morpheme?

Morpheme - ingxenye ubuncinane ebalulekileyo yegama. Ixesha lokuqala elithi livele nesazi-nzulu esidumileyo Baduenom de iCourtenay ngxi phakathi kwinkulungwane XIX kwaye lisetyenziswa Ezolimi kude kube ngoku.

Onke amagama enziwa morphemes. Bona - iibhloko zokwakha ezakha amagama. Icandelo ngalinye ibaluleke kwayo kunye nendima. Ezi ndidi zilandelayo morphemes: ayisosinyanzelo kwaye yokuzikhethela. Qiniseka ukuba uhlala elizwini kuthiwa ingcambu. Uhlolo Ungafaka yomibini zibe yinxalenye umqondiso, kwaye kukha angene kubo. Ezi morphemes ebizwa affixes. Makhe sihlolisise uhlobo ngalunye ngokwahlukeneyo.

morpheme efunwayo

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, morpheme mandatory ulwimi Russian enye kuphela, yaye ibizwa ngokuba ingcambu. Kukho lizwi owawuza kuba khona ngaphandle le morpheme. Amagama ngaphandle root (ngaphandle - ezinye iindawo abangabancedani zentetho) abekho ngolwimi Russian.

Kuyinto enkulu, njengoko kunentsingiselo enkulu lungelelanisa. Umzekelo, amaplanga umqondiso, ehlathini, wehlathi ifaka ingcambu single - iinkuni. Onke la mazwi ixabiso efanayo enxulumene ehlathini. Ekuphela kwento - umahluko zazo zibe nombala. Ngenxa yoko, ihlathi - isithuba alekwe kunye nemithi; Forest - ezinxulumene ehlathini; wehlathi - indoda elimgcinayo.

Amagama ambaxa ineengcambu ezininzi, umzekelo, xa ilizwi svetloliky iingcambu ezimbini - ukukhanya kunye nobuso. Musa ukulibala malunga loxwebhu lokuchazaQXml amagama. Ngokusisiseko, amagama ineengcambu ezimbini, kwezinye iimeko, zingenzeka kunye noluhlu olukhulu amagama.

morpheme ozikhethela

Ozikhethelayo ulwimi morpheme Russian - affixes. Phakathi kwazo kukho ezi zilandelayo:

• isimaphambili okanye izimaphambili;
• isimamva okanye nezimamva;
• flexion okanye ukuvalwa;
• interfiksy.

Mhlawumbi abekho igama okanye hayi. Ukongeza, morpheme ngamnye omtsha ozikhethelayo ulunika intsingiselo entsha.

Iindidi zokuqala ezimbini morphemes adlulise intsingiselo lungelelanisa nelulwimi. Flexion sicacisiwe kuphela intsingiselo ngokwegrama ilizwi. Nokuba zero, oko kukuthi, ukuba akukho ibinzana ephilileyo, isiphelo ubonisa yintoni intsingiselo yentetho na umqondiso.

Isiqalo kunye postfix

Makhe ukuqala abo morpheme, ezikunika bokuqonda ezintsha lungelelanisa nelulwimi.

Izimaphambili zisoloko zibekwe ekuqaleni igama ukutshintsha ixabiso layo. Ngolwimi Russian, kukho malunga 70 izimaphambili. Abaninzi kubo lisekwa izalathandawo. Esikolweni, badla ngokubizwa ngokuba iibhokisi set-top. Nganye console has value yayo nenguqulo ezincinane ofuna ukuyithetha. Umzekelo, hamba - hamba ethile; ukuqhuba - kufutshane into.

Oku iyatshintsha intsingiselo lungelelanisa yeli gama, kodwa inxalenye sentetho apho yeyethu, kuhlala ingatshintshanga.

Postfix wayesoloko ephakathi ingcambu kunye inflection (ukuba igama). Baya bakhonza nje kuphela ukwenza ixabiso elitsha, kodwa ukuba yinxalenye omtsha zentetho. Ngoko, kunye -n- nesimamva ukusuka isibizo ehlathini ehlathini iyabukeka bavuya.

Ezinye izimamva benza engathandekiyo entsha. Ngoko ke, kukho izimamva isinciphiso, ezifana: -ushk-, -chik-, -ochk- kunye nabanye. Ngezi wemiqondiso akhekha ixabiso ithinti elitsha. Umzekelo: indlebe - indlebe, umnwe - umnwe, nengobozi - ngengobozi.

Igama inokuba izimaphambili ezimbalwa kunye nezimamva. Konke kuxhomekeke isakhiwo umqondiso kunye nexabiso layo. Ngoko ke, wenza uhlalutyo morphemes amagama, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kulo.

Interfiksy

Ezi morphemes bakhonza ukunxibelelanisa iingcambu ezininzi amagama ambaxa. Umzekelo, eli ivila ilizwi iquka lamagama amabini - ebunzi enikina. Bona ezinxulumene interfiksom -o-. Interfiksy njalo ezifundiswa esikolweni, ngokufuthi zabizwa kuphela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, ize ke ngokufutshane.

yegama

Ukufunda ukuba morpheme - inxalenye ebalulekileyo umqondiso, sifanele sikhumbule enye inxalenye ebaluleke ngakumbi - based. Oku kuyinxalenye engaguquki ilizwi, ukuba yinxalenye ngaphandle ekupheleni. Isiseko iqulethe intsingiselo esisiseko lungelelanisa kwaye kuba engcanjini enye kuphela okanye ingcambu kunye imise (affixes). Isiseko Isenzi inokuba iphazanyiswe ekupheleni, ukuba kukho postfix-xia okanye -s. Umzekelo, kwi-sikhokelo ilizwi yathenga uphazamiseka kwaye isiphelo ekhangeleka ayamkelwa-and-imi.

flexion

Ezi morphemes zisetyenziselwa ukuvakalisa intsingiselo yentetho. Ikharityhulam bebizwa neziphelo. Ngoncedo lwabo echazwe intsingiselo yentetho. Izibizo na isini, inombolo kunye icala. Flexion zikhona kuzo zonke izigaba zentetho, ngaphandle akaguquki, ezifana izihlomelo, izihlanganisi, izaba. Kule izigaba zentetho ke musa ukuma ngaphandle. Kuzo zonke ezinye izigaba zentetho xa kungekho ekupheleni kwayo sithathwa zero.

Umzekelo, eli gama liya kuba zero isiphelo amaplanga, ekupheleni imithi ilizwi uya zicaciswe. Kulo mzekelo, isiphelo ilizwi uya ukuveza ukuba oku isibizo ibhekisela yesininzi yaye kwimeko nominative.

Uhlalutyo Morphemic amazwi

Ngoko ke, siye safumanisa ukuba morpheme - uyinxalenye ubuncinane ebalulekileyo yale umqondiso. Ngoku makhe sithethe lokuguqula morphemic. Ukuze wenze kakuhle uhlalutyo morphemic, kufuneka zilandele ngqo le migaqo ilandelayo.

, Sihlaziya ithokheni uyakhululwa 1. Okokuqala ukusuka isindululo okanye itekisi ngendlela apho ikhona.

2. Ukumisela inxalenye yokuthetha kunye nokuba ngayo iyahluka. Ukuba uthi ewe, yiya kwinyathelo 3, ukuba akunjalo - kwinyathelo 4.

3. Fumana nesiphelo. Kuba oku isaphetha usekhefini okanye mzekelo, inombolo. Inxalenye variable ziya kuphela.

4. Khetha kwisiseko. Isiseko - oko konke ilizwi ngaphandle ekupheleni.

5. Fumana i ingcambu. Ukuze wenze oku, khetha cognates ezivela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwi.

6. Khetha ibhokisi iseti-top, nto leyo umi phambi nengcambu.

7. Khetha izimamva. Ukuze wenze oku, khetha igama kunye izimamva efanayo, kodwa iingcambu ezahlukeneyo. Yazi ke ukuba ezinye amagama kunokuba izimaphambili ezininzi kunye nezimamva. Ngokomzekelo, igama ezingemnandi has attachments ezimbini: i pre-hayi-nice. Ke ilizwi mphuphi nesimamva ezintathu: Dream-a-Tel imathematika.

Yiloo yonke uhlalutyo nokwakheka.

UMZEKELO Uhlalutyo morphemic

Makhe sijonge lilinye, ngoko ungabona umgaqo zohlalutyo morphemic ukunkqaya ngokulandelelana yezenzo. Thatha umlinganiselo kunye nesiphakamiso: "Ndiye na ndibone umntu omdala."

1. Ngaba wabhala igama elithi 'endala. "

2. nqabile indoda endala, indoda endala - a utshintsho kwimo evumayo.

3. lehla kwakhona: indoda endala, indoda endala, namadoda amakhulu, ekupheleni kwamagama yeli xhego - a.

4. Lahla isiphelo. Base - indoda endala.

5. Thatha kubudlelwane iingcambu efanayo: ebudaleni, ubudala - iingcambu ubudala.

6. kungekho nto phambi nengcambu, ngoko ke isimaphambili lo gama kungekho.

7. Sithathe amagama kunye -ik- nesimamva, ukuba zikhona. Man, impumlo - nesimamva - uk.

Njengoko ubona, akukho nto nzima ekuhlalutyeni eli gama kungekho. Into engundoqo ukulandela ngqo le algorithm, ukuze kuphulukana nayo yonke into ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo kwaye uqonde into morpheme. Imizekelo morphemes ezahlukeneyo kufuneka bafunde ukuba ukhethe ngokuchanekileyo.

Ukuba nibe nentandabuzo ukuchaneka uhlahlelo, ungasoloko ufumana isichazi-magama morphemic zolwimi Russian kwaye ubone kuyo nayiphi morpheme ligama ethile, oko kwenziwa ngqo ngayo. Uyakwazi ukusebenzisa isichazi phantsi editorship Potihi Z. A. okanye Tihonova A. N.

Ngoko ke, safumanisa ukuba morpheme - uyinxalenye ubuncinane elibalulekileyo ilizwi, ndagqiba yintoni morpheme bexoxa ngamnye kubo. Kwakhona wafumanisa ukuba ucazululo morphemic yamagama kunye wambona umzekelo kolu hlolisiso. Bakhunjuzwa isichazi-magama anokukunceda uqinisekise ukuba la mazwi lokuguqula. Ngethemba, le nqaku waba luncedo kuwe.