Model OSI

Iqela leengcaphephe ngowe-1978, OSI iphuhlise umgangatho. Ithatyathwa umzekelo OSI ayikho njengomgangatho womnatha ngamnye. Le web templates kunye nenani elithile amanqanaba, apho bonke liphuhlise iinkqubo ezikumgangatho ofanayo. Le modeli uchaza iintlobo imisebenzi yomnatha, ezenziwa imigangatho eyahlukeneyo. Yabasixhenxe Umaleko imodeli womnatha OSI kukuthi, usenokuthi, "Standard Standard". Amanqanaba kule modeli kuxoxwa ngezantsi.

1. Physical

Umaleko womnatha yemodeli OSI linqanam asezantsi. Unoxanduva iimpawu ezibonakalayo uthungelwano, oko kukuthi, uhlobo intambo, ubude intambo, uhlobo izihlanganisi ezisetyenziswa izixhobo zonxibelelwano, njl Phakathi kwezinye izinto, lo maleko inoxanduva yombane parameters ze imiyalezo inkqubo isebenzisa ukuthumela i data phakathi iindawo kwi network. kweesiginali Ordinary osetyenziswa ukubonisa inkqubo yokubini: 0, 1.

2. Data Link Layer

Iqonga apho amasuntswana ulwazi ababelwe ukuba iinqobo amisiweyo, ebizwa umaleko link data yemodeli OSI. kulo mgangatho kwemigangatho kufuneka iquke data kwi ubungakanani nganye iipakethi idatha ethunyelwe, indlela yokulungisa kubo, zisetyenziswa ukutshintshela iphakheji ukuya khona elifunekayo, nokuba ukuxazulula njani ngokuthumela idata ngaxeshanye kwiindawo ezininzi. Kwakhona sikhusela inkqubo esuka iimpazamo.

3. Indlela womnatha OSI: Network Layer

Lokuqinisekisa ukuba uthungelwano Connect kunye ipakethi yomgudu ulwazi ekwafanekisa umaleko womnatha phakathi kweenkqubo. Xa usebenza naye Akuyomfuneko ukuba ucinge umahluko kwimigangatho ngexesha kwiinkqubo wokudibanisa kule linki data kunye namanqanaba emzimbeni.

4. Indlela womnatha OSI: Ulwaleko Transport

Oku kwenza intsebenziswano lweekhompyutha ezimbini kwi-network. imisebenzi yayo zibandakanya ukuqeshwa iidilesi kwikhompyutha nganye ngamnye kunye nokulawula unxibelelwano phakathi ezalathelwe uphuhliso.

5. Indlela womnatha OSI: umaleko intlanganiso

Lo mgangatho lisetyenziswa ukuze ukwazi ukuseka iseshoni unxibelelwano phakathi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Nguye onoxanduva ungqamaniso lwemisebenzi ukuba awusebenzisi kwiikhompyutha ezahlukeneyo. Ukuze wenze oku, idala Amanqaku okulawula ezivumela ukulungiswa yeempazamo musa ukuthumela yonke idatha okwesihlandlo sesibini, uphinde transfer ulwazi ukusuka kwindawo yolawulo, nto leyo eye yakhula ukususela mpazamo ibhaqwe.

6. Indlela womnatha OSI: umaleko ntetho

Lo maleko inoxanduva ukuguqula ulwazi idluliselwe kwi-network ukusuka format enye ukuya kwenye uhlobo. Lo level ubuchule yeekhowudi data ethunyelwayo, ngokunjalo decrypting ekulungiseleleni esiludumbo efunekayo.

Layer 7. Isicelo

model OSI It has inqanaba eliphezulu - umaleko isicelo, ebonelela unxibelelwano izicelo kunye nenkqubo womnatha. Ngamagama alula, ukuba unoxanduva ukufikelela kwiinkqubo network. Ngokwesiseko umaleko isicelo enze iinkqubo umsebenzi ezibonelela ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi (browser), ukuvumela ukuba lokutshintshiselana data (FTP-abaxhasi kunye neseva) ukuba babelane imiyalezo ngekhompyutha (e-mail abaxhasi) , njalo-njalo.